Multiple voices : an introduction to bilingualism / Carol Myers-Scotton.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Myers-Scotton, Carol.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Bilingualism.

Physical Description:

xiii, 457 pages ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Malden, MA : Blackwell Pub., 2006.

Summary:

Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism provides a comprehensive overview of all major aspects of bilingualism. It is primarily concerned with bilingualism as a socio-political phenomenon in the world and, as such, emphasizes languages in contact, language maintenance and shift, language policy (including educational policies), and language as a social identity marker. Other topics discussed include the grammatical or cognitive aspects of bilingualism, such as codeswitching and convergence, how bilingualism appears to be organized in the brain, and how child bilingualism differs from bilingualism acquired at a later age. Designed for upper-level undergraduate or beginning graduate students, this textbook includes many detailed examples from all over the world and is written accessibly by a prominent bilingualism researcher.

Contents:

Multiple voices: The word from China 1

1.2 Bilinguals and their languages 3

1.3 Views about bilinguals 3

1.4 Learning a second language 4

1.5 Where did bilingualism come from? 5

1.6 Linguists: What they know and don't know 6

1.7 Why so many languages? 7

1.8 The rationale for many languages today 8

1.9 Attitudes about language 10

1.10 Linguistics and bilingualism 11

1.11 Why bilingualism matters to you 12

1.12 Bilingualism: Practical considerations 13

1.13 How the book is organized 13

1.14 Words and phrases to remember 15

2 What's a Language? What's a Dialect? What "Social Work" do they do? 16

Multiple voices: The word from Italy 16

2.2 What counts as a language? 17

2.3 Problems with mutual intelligibility 22

2.4 Dialects as groupings under a language 23

2.5 The written language and dialects 24

2.6 Identifying the standard dialect 25

2.7 Who speaks a dialect? 26

3 Who is a Bilingual? What Factors Promote Bilingualism? 35

Multiple voices: The word from Ecuador 35

3.2 Who is a bilingual? 38

3.3 Defining bilingualism 44

3.4 Factors promoting bilingualism 45

3.5 Conditions of displacement 53

4 Language Maintenance and Shift 67

Multiple voices: The word from Algerians in France 67

4.2 Three useful models of community organization 70

4.3 Allocation of varieties 76

4.4 Diglossia and domains 76

4.5 Maintenance or shift? 89

4.6 Representative case studies 91

4.7 The younger generation and bilingualism 100

4.8 Separating language maintenance from cultural maintenance 102

4.9 Summary on language maintenance and shift 103

5 Ideologies and Attitudes 107

Multiple voices: The word from Papua New Guinea 107

5.2 Language attitudes vs. language ideologies 109

5.3 Power and the economy of language 114

5.4 How languages identify groups 115

5.5 Language attitudes 120

5.6 Theoretical models and the expression of attitudes 124

5.7 Language ideology 135

6 The Social Motivations for Language Use in Interpersonal Interactions 142

Multiple voices: The word from Turks in the Netherlands 142

6.2 Linguistic varieties as social indices 145

6.3 More than meets the ear 146

6.4 Language varieties absorb meanings from situations 149

6.5 Speakers have their own motivations for choices, too 150

6.6 Models to explain conversational choices 153

6.7 What accommodation means 155

6.8 Markedness Model: Another model of social motivations 158

6.9 Code choices within a Conversation Analysis approach 170

6.10 Summary on explaining bilingual conversations 172

7 Inter-cultural Communication 175

Multiple voices: The word from Indians in England 175

7.2 Languages are different and so are cultures 177

7.3 Dividing up societies as individualistic or collectivistic 179

7.4 High- and low-context messages 182

7.5 Five areas of potential differences 186

7.6 Is silence golden? 186

7.7 Ideas about "good" conversational routines differ 188

7.8 The faces of politeness 193

7.9 How to ask for something in different cultures 196

7.10 Cross-cultural ideas about power differentials 199

7.11 Managing cross-cultural conflicts 204

8 Lexical Borrowing 208

Multiple voices: The word from Kenya 208

8.2 Lexical borrowing 210

8.3 Cultural and core borrowings 212

8.4 Core borrowings 215

8.5 Less direct borrowings 218

8.6 How borrowed words are integrated 219

8.7 Morphological integration 224

8.8 Nouns vs. other categories 226

8.9 What borrowings can tell us 230

9 What Happens to Grammars in Bilingual Contacts 233

Multiple voices: The word from Palestinians in the US 233

9.2 Codeswitching 239

9.3 A model for classic codeswitching 241

9.4 How other approaches to codeswitching differ from the MLF model 250

9.5 Singly occurring words as borrowings or codeswitches? 253

9.6 Conclusions on singly occurring words in codeswitching 257

9.7 Characterizing larger Embedded Language phrases in Matrix Language frames 260

9.8 The 4-M model 267

9.9 Convergence and attrition 271

9.10 Creation of pidgins and creoles 278

9.11 Pidgins 278

9.12 Creoles 280

10 Psycholinguistics and Bilingualism 288

Multiple voices: The word from Hungary 288

10.2 Themes in psycholinguistics and bilingualism 292

10.3 Classifying bilinguals 293

10.4 Validity and experimental methodologies 294

10.5 The mental lexicon 296

10.6 Levels of activation 299

10.7 Testing for selective access 301

10.8 Summary on experiments 305

10.9 Models of language production 306

10.10 Memory 310

10.11 Bilingualism, the brain, and aphasia 317

11 Age of Acquisition and Success with a Second Language 323

Multiple voices: Croatian-Australians in Australia 323

11.2 Introducing child bilingualism 325

11.3 Successes in child bilingualism studies 331

11.4 But is bilingualism an advantage or a disadvantage? 337

11.5 Does early acquisition affect some systems the most? 340

11.6 Learning a second language later 344

11.7 Age-related issues and the brain 350

11.8 Second language acquisition (SLA) as formal instruction 354

12 Language Policies and Globalization 369

Multiple voices: The word from an American in Norway 369

12.2 What are the parts of language planning? 378

12.3 Status planning 379

12.4 Corpus planning 392

12.5 Acquisition planning 395

12.6 English in the world 405

12.7 The European Union and Europe's new industry: Translating 409

Multiple voices: The word from Haitians in New York 412

13.1 Some themes to remember 412

13.2 Guidelines for understanding speakers in relation to their languages 414.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [415]-439) and indexes.

ISBN:

0631219366

0631219374

OCLC:

57549686

Publisher Number:

9780631219361

9780631219378