Introduction to optics / Germain Chartier.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Chartier, Germain.

Series:

Advanced texts in physics

Standardized Title:

Manuel d'optique. English

Language:

English

French

Subjects (All):

Optics.

Physical Description:

xvii, 595 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

New York : Springer, [2005]

Summary:

Choice Outstanding Title! (January 2006) Since the discovery of the lasers in 1960 and optical fibers in 1970, optics underwent deep changes which accentuated its multi-field character. This work covers essential concepts of comprehension and reports the great progress of current knowledge in optics. The method of presentation is inspired by Richard Feynman, with an emphasis on "telling" optics, rather than deducing it from fundamental laws. For its excellent teaching style, the book received the Arnulf-Francon Award by the French Optical Society. The concepts are formulated in a way such that the necessary mathematical tools do not hinder comprehension of the phenomena. Global in vision, the book can also be used as a reference. In addition to the traditional aspects of optics, it includes the tools and methods currently used by researchers and engineers as well as explanation and implications of the most recent developments.

Contents:

1 Orders of Magnitude in Optics 1

1.1 Main Applications of Electromagnetic Waves 1

1.2 Wave-Particle Duality 5

1.3 What Is a Wave? 6

1.4 Electric Dipole Radiation 13

1.5 Light Detectors 21

1.6 Interference, Diffraction 33

1.7 Photometry 41

1.8 Perception and Reproduction of Colors 52

2 Electromagnetic Waves 57

2.1 Mathematical Formulation of Electromagnetism 57

2.2 The Different Kinds of Waves 61

2.3 Solutions of Maxwell's Equations for Harmonic Planar Waves 65

2.4 Structure of an Electromagnetic Planar Wave 70

2.5 General Harmonic Waves 73

2.6 Spherical Waves 77

3 Geometrical Optics 91

3.1 Geometrical Propagation of Light 91

3.2 Fermat's Principle 94

3.3 Formation of Images 102

3.4 Thin Lenses 105

3.5 Centered Systems Under Gauss Conditions 112

Annex 3.A Thin Lenses 126

3.A.1 Lens Considered as a Prism Having a Variable Angle 126

3.A.2 Lens Considered as a Phase Correcting Device 127

3.A.3 Matrices for the Association of Thin Lenses 127

Annex 3.B Optical Prisms 131

3.B.1 Definition and Description of Optical Prisms 131

3.B.2 Light Propagation Inside a Prism 131

3.B.3 Reflecting Prisms 134

Annex 3.C Gradient Index Devices-Light Optics and Electron Optics 136

3.C.1 The Eikonal Equation 137

3.C.2 Differential Equation of Light Rays 138

3.C.3 Centered Optical System with a Nonconstant Index of Refraction 142

3.C.4 Optics of Charged Particle Beams 146

4 Polarized Light-Laws of Reflection 149

4.1 Light Vibration Is a Vector 149

4.2 Analyzers-Polarizers 152

4.3 Reflection-Refraction 155

Annex 4.A TE Modes-TM Modes 174

4.A.1 Scalar Nature of Two-Dimensional Electromagnetic Problems 174

Annex 4.B Determination of an Unknown Polarization 176

5 Birefringence 179

5.1 Double Refraction 179

5.2 Permittivity Tensor 180

5.3 Planar Waves Obeying Maxwell's Equations in an Anisotropic Material 183

5.4 Constructions of the Refracted Beams 188

5.5 Aspect of the Surfaces of the Indices and the Inverse of the Indices 193

5.6 Circular Birefringence 198

5.7 Induced Birefringence 203

Annex 5.A Ray Tracing in Uniaxial Media 225

5.A.1 Construction of the Refracted Beam on an Isotropic/Uniaxial Interface 225

5.A.2 Refraction of a Monochromatic Beam by a Birefringent Prism 227

5.A.3 Separation of Extraordinary Rays from Ordinary Rays by a Birefringent Plate 229

5.A.4 Realization of Polarizers 230

5.A.5 Birefringence and Dispersion 232

Annex 5.B Characteristic Surfaces in Anisotropic Media 233

5.B.1 Fresnel Formulas in Anisotropic Media 233

5.B.2 Surface of the Normals (or Surface of the Indices) 234

5.B.3 Wave Surface (or Surface of the Inverse of the Indices) 235

5.B.4 Index Ellipsoid 237

Annex 5.C Interference Using Polarized Light Beams. Wave Plates 240

5.C.1 Orthogonally Polarized Beams Are Unable to Interfere 240

5.C.2 Interference Using Polarized Monochromatic Light Beams 241

5.C.3 Wave Plates 242

5.C.4 Interference with Polarized White Beams 247

Annex 5.D Liquid Crystals 250

5.D.2 Physical-Chemistry of Liquid Crystals 250

5.D.3 Orientation of Molecules in a Nematic Phase 252

5.D.4 Liquid Crystal Display 254

5.D.5 Light Valve 257

6 Interference 259

6.1 Wave Front Division Interferometers 259

6.2 Amplitude Splitting Interferometers 265

6.3 Dual-Beam Interference 274

6.4 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer 278

6.5 Interference Using Stacks of Thin Transparent Layers 289

7 Diffraction 299

7.1 The Huygens-Fresnel Postulate 299

7.2 Fraunhofer Diffraction 308

7.3 Fresnel Diffraction 318

7.4 Diffraction Gratings 322

7.5 Holography 333

7.6 Diffraction and Image Processing 342

8 Index of Refraction 351

8.1 Physical Mechanisms Involved with Propagation in a Transparent Material 352

8.2 Determination of the Index of Refraction 353

8.3 The Index of Refraction Is a Complex Number 359

8.4 Index of Refraction and Populations of the Energy Levels of a Transition 364

Annex 8.A Electric Dipolar Radiation 366

8.A.1 Definition of an Oscillating Dipole 366

8.A.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields Created by a Dipole 366

8.A.3 Power Radiated by an Oscillating Dipole 369

8.A.4 Field Radiated by a Planar Distribution of Oscillating Dipoles 373

Annex 8.B The Kramers-Kronig Formula 375

8.B.1 Demonstration of the Kramers-Kronig Formula 375

8.B.2 Normal Dispersion 377

9 Lasers 379

9.1 Laser, a Feedback Oscillator 379

9.2 Optical Amplification 389

9.3 How to Obtain an Inversion of Population 412

9.4 The Fabry-Perot Resonator 417

9.5 Spectral Characteristics of Light Emitted by a Laser 426

9.6 Laser Transient Effects 432

9.7 Originality of Laser Light 439

Annex 9.A Light-Semiconductor Interaction 441

9.A.1 Energy Levels in a Semiconductor 441

9.A.2 Spontaneous and Stimulated Effects in a Semiconductor 443

9.A.3 The Bernard-Duraffourg Formula, Inversion of Population 444

Annex 9.B Spectral Width of a Laser Oscillation 447

10 Nonlinear Optics 449

10.1 Microscopic Interpretation of a Nonlinear Optical Interaction 451

10.2 Phase Matching Condition 452

10.3 Nonlinear Polarization 456

10.4 Equations of Propagation in a Nonlinear Material 460

10.5 Third-Order Nonlinear Phenomena 470

11 Raman-Brillouin-Rayleigh Diffusion 479

11.1 Raman, Brillouin, Rayleigh, and Mie Scattering 479

11.2 Experimental Introduction to the Raman Effect 481

11.3 Theoretical Analysis of the Raman Effect 487

11.4 Brillouin Diffusion 500

Annex 11.A Diffusion of Light by a Scattered Medium 512

12 Guided Optics 517

12.2 Propagation in a Step Index Planar Guide 522

12.3 Optical Fibers 536

Annex 12.A Splitters and Couplers 543

12.A.1 The Y-Junction 543

12.A.2 Distributed Couplers 544

12.A.3 Coupled Mode Theory 546

Annex 12.B Attenuation of Silica Fibers 553

Annex 12.C Elaboration of Optical Guides 555

12.C.1 Optical Fibers 555

12.C.2 Integrated Optics 560

13 Fourier Analysis and Fourier Transform 567

13.1 Fourier Series 567

13.2 Fourier Integrals and Fourier Transform 568

13.3 Some Important Properties of the Fourier Transform 569

13.4 Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform 571

13.5 Some Famous Fourier Transforms 571

13.6 Wave Packet 575.

Notes:

Includes index.

ISBN:

0387403469

OCLC:

57573976