Materials selection in mechanical design / Michael F. Ashby.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ashby, M. F.

Contributor:

Class of 1932 Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Materials.

Engineering design.

Physical Description:

xiv, 603 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 25 cm

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.

Summary:

Understanding materials, their properties and behaviour is fundamental to engineering design, and a key application of materials science. Written for all students of engineering, materials science and design, this book describes the procedures for material selection in mechanical design in order to ensure that the most suitable materials for a given application are identified from the full range of materials available.

Revised and expanded for this third edition, Materials Selection in Mechanical Design is recognised as a key text for materials properties courses internationally, and provides a unique and genuinely innovative resource for students and practicing engineers.

Contents:

1.1 Introduction and synopsis 2

1.2 Materials in design 2

1.3 The evolution of engineering materials 4

1.4 Case study: the evolution of materials in vacuum cleaners 6

2 The design process 11

2.1 Introduction and synopsis 12

2.2 The design process 12

2.3 Types of design 16

2.4 Design tools and materials data 17

2.5 Function, material, shape, and process 19

2.6 Case study: devices to open corked bottles 20

3 Engineering materials and their properties 27

3.1 Introduction and synopsis 28

3.2 The families of engineering materials 28

3.3 The definitions of material properties 30

4 Material property charts 45

4.1 Introduction and synopsis 46

4.2 Exploring material properties 46

4.3 The material property charts 50

5 Materials selection-the basics 79

5.1 Introduction and synopsis 80

5.2 The selection strategy 81

5.3 Attribute limits and material indices 85

5.4 The selection procedure 93

5.5 Computer-aided selection 99

5.6 The structural index 102

6 Materials selection-case studies 105

6.1 Introduction and synopsis 106

6.2 Materials for oars 106

6.3 Mirrors for large telescopes 110

6.4 Materials for table legs 114

6.5 Cost: structural material for buildings 117

6.6 Materials for flywheels 121

6.7 Materials for springs 126

6.8 Elastic hinges and couplings 130

6.9 Materials for seals 133

6.10 Deflection-limited design with brittle polymers 136

6.11 Safe pressure vessels 140

6.12 Stiff, high damping materials for shaker tables 144

6.13 Insulation for short-term isothermal containers 147

6.14 Energy-efficient kiln walls 151

6.15 Materials for passive solar heating 154

6.16 Materials to minimize thermal distortion in precision devices 157

6.17 Nylon bearings for ships' rudders 160

6.18 Materials for heat exchangers 163

6.19 Materials for radomes 168

7 Processes and process selection 175

7.1 Introduction and synopsis 176

7.2 Classifying processes 177

7.3 The processes: shaping, joining, and finishing 180

7.4 Systematic process selection 195

7.5 Ranking: process cost 202

7.6 Computer-aided process selection 209

7.7 Supporting information 215

8 Process selection case studies 219

8.1 Introduction and synopsis 220

8.2 Forming a fan 220

8.3 Fabricating a pressure vessel 223

8.4 An optical table 227

8.5 Economical casting 230

8.6 Computer-based selection: a manifold jacket 232

8.7 Computer-based selection: a spark-plug insulator 235

9 Multiple constraints and objectives 239

9.1 Introduction and synopsis 240

9.2 Selection with multiple constraints 241

9.3 Conflicting objectives, penalty-functions, and exchange constants 245

Appendix Traditional methods of dealing with multiple constraints and objectives 256

10 Case studies-multiple constraints and conflicting objectives 261

10.1 Introduction and synopsis 262

10.2 Multiple constraints: con-rods for high-performance engines 262

10.3 Multiple constraints: windings for high-field magnets 266

10.4 Conflicting objectives: casings for a mini-disk player 272

10.5 Conflicting objectives: materials for a disk-brake caliper 276

11 Selection of material and shape 283

11.1 Introduction and synopsis 284

11.2 Shape factors 285

11.3 Microscopic or micro-structural shape factors 296

11.4 Limits to shape efficiency 301

11.5 Exploring and comparing structural sections 305

11.6 Material indices that include shape 307

11.7 Co-selecting material and shape 312

12 Selection of material and shape: case studies 317

12.1 Introduction and synopsis 318

12.2 Spars for man-powered planes 319

12.3 Ultra-efficient springs 322

12.4 Forks for a racing bicycle 326

12.5 Floor joists: wood, bamboo or steel? 328

12.6 Increasing the stiffness of steel sheet 331

12.7 Table legs again: thin or light? 333

12.8 Shapes that flex: leaf and strand structures 335

13 Designing hybrid materials 339

13.1 Introduction and synopsis 340

13.2 Filling holes in material-property space 342

13.3 The method: "A + B + configuration + scale" 346

13.4 Composites: hybrids of type 1 348

13.5 Sandwich structures: hybrids of type 2 358

13.6 Lattices: hybrids of type 3 363

13.7 Segmented structures: hybrids of type 4 371

14 Hybrid case studies 379

14.1 Introduction and synopsis 380

14.2 Designing metal matrix composites 380

14.3 Refrigerator walls 382

14.4 Connectors that do not relax their grip 384

14.5 Extreme combinations of thermal and electrical conduction 386

14.6 Materials for microwave-transparent enclosures 389

14.7 Exploiting anisotropy: heat spreading surfaces 391

14.8 The mechanical efficiency of natural materials 393

14.9 Further reading: natural materials 399

15 Information and knowledge sources for design 401

15.1 Introduction and synopsis 402

15.2 Information for materials and processes 403

15.3 Screening information: structure and sources 407

15.4 Supporting information: structure and sources 409

15.5 Ways of checking and estimating data 411

16 Materials and the environment 417

16.1 Introduction and synopsis 418

16.2 The material life cycle 418

16.3 Material and energy-consuming systems 419

16.4 The eco-attributes of materials 422

16.5 Eco-selection 427

16.6 Case studies: drink containers and crash barriers 433

17 Materials and industrial design 439

17.1 Introduction and synopsis 440

17.2 The requirements pyramid 440

17.3 Product character 442

17.4 Using materials and processes to create product personality 445

18 Forces for change 457

18.1 Introduction and synopsis 458

18.2 Market-pull and science-push 458

18.3 Growing population and wealth, and market saturation 464

18.4 Product liability and service provision 465

18.5 Miniaturization and multi-functionality 466

18.6 Concern for the environment and for the individual 467

Appendix A Useful solutions to standard problems 471

Introduction and synopsis 473

A.1 Constitutive equations for mechanical response 474

A.2 Moments of sections 476

A.3 Elastic bending of beams 478

A.4 Failure of beams and panels 480

A.5 Buckling of columns, plates, and shells 482

A.6 Torsion of shafts 484

A.7 Static and spinning disks 486

A.8 Contact stresses 488

A.9 Estimates for stress concentrations 490

A.10 Sharp cracks 492

A.11 Pressure vessels 494

A.12 Vibrating beams, tubes, and disks 496

A.13 Creep and creep fracture 498

A.14 Flow of heat and matter 500

A.15 Solutions for diffusion equations 502

Appendix B Material indices 507

B.1 Introduction and synopsis 508

B.2 Use of material indices 508

Appendix C Data and information for engineering materials 513

C.1 Names and applications: metals and alloys 514

C.2 Names and applications: polymers and foams 515

C.3 Names and applications: composites, ceramics, glasses, and natural materials 516

C.4 Melting temperature, T[subscript m], and glass temperature, T[subscript g] 518

C.5 Density, [rho] 520

C.6 Young's modulus, E 522

C.7 Yield strength, [sigma subscript y], and tensile strength, [sigma subscript ts] 524

C.8 Fracture toughness (plane-strain), K[subscript 1C] 526

C.9 Thermal conductivity, [lambda] 528

C.10 Thermal expansion, [alpha] 530

C.11 Approximate production energies and CO[subscript 2] burden 532

C.12 Environmental resistance 534

Appendix D Information and knowledge sources for materials and processes 537

D.2 Information sources for materials 538

D.3 Information for manufacturing processes 552

D.4 Databases and expert systems in software 553

D.5 Additional useful internet sites 554

D.6 Supplier registers, government organizations, standards and professional societies 555

E.1 Introduction to the exercises 558

E.2 Devising concepts 559

E.3 Use of

material selection charts 559

E.4 Translation: constraints and objectives 562

E.5 Deriving and using material indices 565

E.6 Selecting processes 574

E.7 Multiple constraints and objectives 579

E.8 Selecting material and shape 587

E.9 Hybrid materials 594.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Class of 1932 Fund.

ISBN:

0750661682

OCLC:

57467152