The civil rights revolution : events and leaders, 1955-1968 / Frederic O. Sargent ; foreword by Bill Maxwell.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sargent, Frederic O.

Contributor:

Benjamin Franklin Library Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

African Americans--Civil rights--History--20th century.

African Americans.

African Americans--Civil rights.

History.

Civil rights movements--United States--History--20th century.

Civil rights movements.

African American leadership.

United States.

African American leadership--History--20th century.

African American civil rights workers--Biography.

African American civil rights workers.

Civil rights workers--United States--Biography.

Civil rights workers.

United States--Race relations.

Race relations.

Civil rights--United States.

Civil rights.

Genre:

Biographies.

Physical Description:

xvi, 188 pages ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co., [2004]

Summary:

From the Supreme Court's decision of Brown v. Board of Education in 1955 to the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1968 - African American students, lawyers, ministers and communities conducted a successful nonviolent campaign against the system of American apartheid in eleven states. This work is organized into four sections. The first is a history of apartheid in the U.S. before Brown v. Board of Education. The causes of the movement - the enforcement of apartheid laws by state governments, courts, police, and the KKK - are also analyzed. The second discusses 54 events and confrontations in the struggle for Civil Rights - including important court cases, boycotts, sit-ins, marches, demonstrations, and the desegregation of various cities and schools - from Autherine Lucy entering the University of Alabama in 1952 to 1969's hospital workers' strike in Charleston. The third is an alphabetical list of 60 leaders of the movement. Each profile contains biographical information and the subject's achievements. This section also includes a list of 40 historically significant activist organizations. The fourth section discusses six important Civil Rights laws and concludes with the general accomplishments of the struggle.

Contents:

I Prelude to Revolution

U.S. Apartheid to Brown v. Board of Education 3

Cases Argued by the NAACP Before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1915-1955 8

II Nonviolent Activists v. the Establishment 13

Students v. Prince Edward County, VA, 1951-1964 13

Autherine Lucy v. University of Alabama, 1952-1988 15

Baton Rouge Bus Boycott, LA, 1953 16

The Montgomery Bus Boycott, AL, 1955-1956 18

Tallahassee Bus Boycott, FL, 1956-1958 23

Virginia v. The NAACP, 1956 27

Alabama v. The NAACP, 1956 28

The Ku Klux Klan v. Black Activists, AL, 1956-1963 29

Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, Washington, DC, 1957 31

Daisy Bates v. Governor Faubus, AR, 1957-1959 33

Miami Lunch Counter Sit-Ins, FL, 1959 38

Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-Ins, NC, 1960 38

Nashville Lunch Counter Sit-Ins, TN, 1960 41

Tallahassee Lunch Counter Sit-Ins, FL, 1960 43

Baton Rouge Lunch Counter Sit-Ins, LA, 1961 46

Desegregation of Savannah, GA, 1960-1963 46

Desegregation of Atlanta, GA, 1960-1961 48

Desegregation of College Station, TX, 1959-1961 51

Sharecroppers Seek to Vote, TN, 1960-1961 53

Hunter and Holmes Desegregate the University of Georgia, 1961 54

Freedom Riders-First Echelon, 1961 55

Freedom Riders-Second Echelon, 1961 58

The Albany Campaign, GA, 1961-1962 61

Meredith Matriculates at Ole Miss, MS, 1961-1962 64

COFO and Moses v. Extreme Apartheid, MS, 1961-1964 66

Harvey Gantt Desegregates Clemson University, SC, 1963 70

William Moore, the Postman, April 1963 71

The Mock Freedom Vote, MS, 1963 72

The "Battle" of Birmingham, AL, 1963 73

Dr. King Answers Eight White Clergymen, AL, 1963 77

Desegregation of Greensboro, NC, 1963 79

Danville Demonstrations and Boycott, VA, 1963 83

March on Washington, DC, 1963 85

Tallahassee Theater Desegregation, FL, 1963 87

Tallahassee Two-Way Pool Desegregation, FL, 1963 88

North Florida Citizen Education Project, 1963-1964 89

Saint Augustine Campaign, FL, 1963-1964 90

Mississippi Freedom Schools, 1964 93

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 1964 95

Women's Wednesdays in Mississippi, 1964-1965 98

Selma Voter Registration Drive by SNCC, AL, 1963-1964 99

Selma Voter Registration Drive by SCLC, AL, 1965 101

Police Ambush Marchers in Marion, AL, 1965 104

Three Marches: Selma to Montgomery, AL, 1965 105

U.S. Supreme Court v. U.S. Apartheid, 1958-1968 110

Meredith's March Against Fear, MS, 1966 111

"Operation Breadbasket," Atlanta and Chicago, 1962-1971 114

Chicago Freedom Movement, IL, 1966 116

Cleveland Mayoral Campaign, OH, 1967 120

J. Edgar Hoover v. Dr. King, 1964-1968 121

Dr. King v. President Johnson re: Vietnam, 1967 122

The Orangeburg Massacre, SC, 1960 and 1968 125

AFSCME Workers Strike, Memphis, TN, 1968 127

AFSCME Workers Strikes, Atlanta and Charleston, 1968 129

III Leaders of the Revolution 133

Abernathy, Ralph David (1926-1990), NAACP, SCLC 134

Baker, Ella Josephine (1903-1986), NAACP, SCLC 134

Barry, Marion Sheppilov (March 6, 1936-), SNCC 135

Bates, Daisy Gaston (1920-1999), NAACP 135

Belafonte, Harold George, "Harry" (March 1927-), Entertainer, Activist 136

Bevel, James Luther (October 19, 1936-), SCLC 137

Bond, Julian (January 14, 1940-), SNCC 137

Carter, Robert L. (March 11, 1917-), NAACP-LDF 138

Clark, Septima Poinsette (1898-1987), SCLC 138

Conyers, John, Jr. (May 16, 1929-), Congressional Black Caucus 139

Cotton, Dorothy Foreman (1931-), SCLC 139

Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt (1868-1963), NAACP 140

Due, Patricia Stephens (1939-), CORE 141

Edelman, Marian Wright (June 6, 1939-), NAACP 142

Evers, Medgar Wylie (July 2, 1925-June 12, 1963), NAACP 142

Farmer, James Leonard (January 12, 1920-), CORE 143

Fauntroy, Walter (February 6, 1933-), SCLC, Congressional Black Caucus 143

Forman, James (October 4, 1928-), SNCC 144

Gray, Fred David, NAACP-LDF 145

Green, Ernest G. (September 22, 1941-), Student, NAACP 145

Gregory, Richard Claxon, "Dick" (October 12, 1932-), Entertainer, Activist 145

Hamer, Fannie Lou Townsend (1917-1977), MFDP 146

Height, Dorothy Irene (March 24, 1912-), NCNW 146

Henry, Aaron (1922-1997), NAACP, MFDP 147

Houston, Charles Hamilton (September 3, 1895-April 22, 1950), NAACP 147

Hunter-Gault, Charlayne (February 27, 1942-), Journalist, Activist 148

Jackson, Jesse Louis (October 8, 1941-), SCLC 148

Jordan, Vernon Eulion, Jr. (August 15, 1935-), SCLC 149

King, Martin Luther, Jr. (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968), NAACP, SCLC 149

King, Coretta Scott (April 27, 1927-), Freedom Activist 150

King, Martin Luther, Sr. (1899-1984), SCLC 151

Lawson, James Morris (September 22, 1928-), SCLC 151

Lewis, John (February 21, 1940-), SNCC 152

Lowery, Joseph E. (1924-), SCLC 152

Marshall, Thurgood (July 2, 1908-January 24, 1993), NAACP, LDF 153

Mays, Benjamin Elijah (August 1, 1894-March 28, 1984), Scholar, Advisor 153

McCain, James, NAACP, CORE 154

McKissick, Floyd B. (March 9, 1922-April 28, 1991), CORE 154

Meredith, James H. (June 25, 1933-), Student, Activist 155

Mitchell, Clarence M., Jr. (1911-1984), NAACP 155

Moses, Robert Parris (January 23, 1935-), SNCC 156

Motley, Constance Baker (September 14, 1921-), NAACP 157

Nash, Diane Judith (May 15, 1938-), Nashville Student Movement, SNCC, SCLC 157

Nixon, Edgar Daniel (July 12, 1899-February 27, 1987), NAACP 157

Parks, Rosa Louise McCauley (February 4, 1913-), NAACP 158

Randolph, Asa Philip (1889-1979), BSCP 159

Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson (April 17, 1912-), WPC 160

Rustin, Bayard (1910-1987), SCLC 161

Shuttlesworth, Fred Lee (March 18, 1922-), ACMCR, SCLC 161

Smith, Kelly Miller, SCLC 162

Steele, Charles Kenzie (February 7, 1914-1980), ICC, SCLC 162

Thurman, Howard (November 18, 1900-April 10, 1981), Professor 162

Vivian, Cordy Tindell (July 30, 1924-), SCLC 163

Walker, Wyatt Tee (August 16, 1929-), SCLC 163

White, Walter Frances (July 1, 1893-March 28, 1955), NAACP 164

Wilkins, Roy Otaway (August 30, 1901-September 8, 1981), NAACP 164

Williams, Hosea Lorenzo (January 5, 1926-), NAACP 165

Young, Andrew Jackson (March 12, 1932-), NAACP, SCLC 166

Young, Jean Childs (1933-1994), NAACP 166

Young, Whitney Moore, Jr. (July 31, 1921-March 11, 1971), NUL 167

Nonviolent Civil Rights Organizations 167

The "Big-6"

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) 168

National Urban League (NUL) 168

National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) 168

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 168

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 169

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 169

Special Purpose Organizations

Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) 169

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) 170

Legal Defense and Education Fund (LDEF of the NAACP) 170

Southern Regional Council 170

Voter Education Project (VEP) 170

Local Organizations

Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) 171

Twenty-eight Local Civil Rights Action Organizations 171

IV Accomplishments 173

Civil Rights Act of 1957 173

Civil Rights Act of 1960 174

Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution 175

Civil Rights Act of 1964 175

Voting Rights Act of 1965 177

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 179.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 181-184) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Benjamin Franklin Library Fund.

ISBN:

0786419148

OCLC:

55096523