Aspirin and related drugs / [edited by] K. D. Rainsford.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Rainsford, K. D., 1941-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Aspirin.

Salicylates--Therapeutic use.

Salicylates.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Salicylates--pharmacology.

Aspirin--pharmacology.

Medical Subjects:

Salicylates--pharmacology.

Aspirin--pharmacology.

Physical Description:

xxi, 770 pages, 8 pages of plates : illustrations ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

London ; New York : Taylor & Francis, 2004.

Summary:

Aspirin, the painkiller of choice for millions of people, is the world's most widely used drug. A potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is now commonly used to treat a wide range of serious and life threatening conditions, ranging from cardiovascular disease and stroke to colon cancer, diabetes and dementia. Aspirin and Related Drugs celebrates over a century of aspirin use. It is a complete source of information, condensing the large field of literature on this subject and covering all aspects of the actions, developments, biodisposition, uses and relative safety of aspirin and related drugs. The book opens with an account of the historical development of the salicylates and the commercial development of aspirin. Among the important therapeutic aspects then discussed are the established role of aspirin as a preventative and treatment of thrombo-embolic diseases, its uses along with the non-acetylated salicylates for the treatment of pain and rheumatic diseases, the newly evolved use as prophylactics for colon cancer, Alzheimer's and vascular dementias, and the potential application of salicylates in a variety of conditions where there is an underlying inflammatory reaction. Clinical data on the mechanisms and occurrence of side effects are compared with other NSAIDs and analgesics and the reviews of the pharmacokinetics of the salicylates, ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) serve as a basis for understanding the biodisposition of these frequently used drugs. Aspirin and Related Drugs is a significant new volume which will appeal to physicians, pharmacists, pharmacologists, toxicologists and chemists interested in the actions and uses of aspirin, its congeners and other analgesics and NSAIDs. Those working in industry will find this volume especially invaluable due to the role that the salicylates play as the benchmark for testing new analgesic agents.

Contents:

1 History and Development of the Salicylates / K.D. Rainsford 1

Early Use of Salicylate-containing Plants 1

Chemical Development of Salicylates 6

Clinical Observations on the Use of Salicylates in the Nineteenth Century 7

Early Clinical Studies with Salicylates in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis 13

Chemical Development and Early Clinical Studies with Aspirin 14

Aspects of the Commercial Development of Aspirin 17

Other Salicylates 19

2 The Industrial History of Analgesics: The Evolution of Analgesics and Antipyretics / J.R. McTavish 25

Recognition of Pain 25

Therapeutic Nihilism and Fevers 26

The Organic Chemical Industry 26

The Salicylates 28

The Value of a Good Name 33

3 Occurrence, Properties and Synthetic Developments of the Salicylates / K.D. Rainsford 45

Naturally Occurring Salicylates 45

Chemical Properties 51

Commercial Synthesis and Properties of the Salicylates 57

Experimental Drugs 65

Various Chemical Applications 78

4 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Salicylates / G.G. Graham, M.S. Roberts, R.O. Day, K.D. Rainsford 97

Absorption of Aspirin and Salicylate 97

Distribution of Aspirin and Salicylate 101

Elimination of Aspirin 106

Elimination of Salicylate 109

Metabolic Pathways of Salicylate 112

Factors Controlling the Elimination of Aspirin and Salicylate 117

Kinetics of Elimination of Salicylate 121

Pro-Drugs 123

Analytical Methods for the Salicylates 126

Salicylate Derivatives 130

Diflunisal 132

Salicylamide 134

5 Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Ibuprofen / G.G. Graham, K.M. Williams 157

Absorption 157

Distribution 159

Elimination 162

Half-life and Clearance 166

Factors Affecting the Elimination of Ibuprofen 167

Pharmacokinetics, Plasma Concentrations and Clinical Response 170

Analytical Methods 171

6 Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) / G.G. Graham, M. Hicks 181

Absorption 181

Distribution 183

Elimination 186

Half-life and Clearance 191

Factors Affecting the Elimination of Paracetamol 192

Metabolism of Pro-drugs 199

Analytical Methods 200

7 Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Salicylates and Related Drugs / K.D. Rainsford 215

Anti-inflammatory Effects 220

Biochemical Effects of Salicylates in Relation to their Anti-inflammatory Actions 244

Analgesic Activity 291

Antipyresis 307

8 Side Effects and Toxicology of the Salicylates / K.D. Rainsford 367

Occurrence of Adverse Events from NSAIDs, including Aspirin 369

Gastrointestinal Side Effects 370

Hepatotoxicity 448

Nephropathy 452

Hypersensitivity Reactions and Asthma 465

Teratogenesis and Pregnancy 472

Miscellaneous Side Effects 476

Acute Salicylate Poisoning 478

9 Reye's Syndrome and Aspirin / J.F.T. Glasgow, S.M. Hall 555

Clinical Features 557

Investigations 558

Differential Diagnosis 560

Aetiology and Pathogenesis 561

Management Principles 575

The Future 577

10 Salicylates in the Treatment of Acute Pain / K.D. Rainsford 587

Concepts of the Mode of Action in Acute Pain 588

Early Observations in Various Pain States 588

Efficacy in Various Pain Conditions 589

Comparative Effects in Acute Pain States 592

11 Acetylsalicylic Acid for the Prevention and Treatment of Thromboembolic Diseases / K.E. Webert, J.G. Kelton 619

The Role of Platelets in Haemostasis and Thrombosis 619

The Role of Platelets in Acute and Chronic Vascular Injury 622

Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Platelet Function 622

Pharmacokinetics of ASA 624

Dose-Effect Relationships of ASA 625

The Effects of ASA on Coagulation Factors, other than Platelets 626

ASA for the Prevention of Vascular Thromboembolic Disease: Epidemiological Studies 626

ASA for the Treatment of Acute Vascular Thromboembolic Events 629

Novel Analogues of Salicylates and Further Developments 631

12 Use of Salicylates in Rheumatic and Related Conditions / W.W. Buchanan, W.F. Kean, K.D. Rainsford 635

History 636

Rheumatoid Arthritis 637

Osteoarthritis 646

Miscellaneous musculoskeletal disorders 648

Drug Kinetics and Monitoring 649

Adverse Events in Rheumatic Patients 651

Factors Affecting Side Effects and Therapeutic Effects 664

Toxicity 666

13 Aspirin and Nsaids in the Prevention of Cancer, Alzheimer's Disease and Other Novel Therapeutic Actions / K.D. Rainsford 707

Prevention of Colorectal and Other Cancers 707

Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias 717

Copper Salicylates in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer 720

Therapeutic Uses of Aspirin in Pregnancy 723

Kawasaki Disease 726

Perturbed Metabolic States 727

Immunological Effects 732

Other Possible Uses 733.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0748408851

OCLC:

49044343