Sexual assault : the victims, the perpetrators, and the criminal justice system / edited by Frances P. Reddington and Betsy Wright Kreisel.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Reddington, Frances P.

Kreisel, Betsy Wright, 1970-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sex crimes--United States.

Sex crimes.

Rape victims.

United States.

Rape--United States.

Rape.

Rape victims--United States.

Sex offenders--United States.

Sex offenders.

Criminal justice, Administration of--United States.

Criminal justice, Administration of.

Physical Description:

xix, 353 pages ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

Durham, N.C. : Carolina Academic Press, [2005]

Contents:

Part I The Crime

Chapter 1 An Overview of Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault Myths 5

Sexual Assault Statistics 8

Incidence and Prevalence among Sexual Assault Victims 8

Offender Characteristics 9

Problems with Rape Statistics 10

The History of Sexual Victimization 11

The Law and Rape 12

Slavery and Rape 13

War and Rape 13

Rape Myths 14

Traditional Rape Myths 16

The Majority of Rape Claims Are False 16

Rape Only Happens to "Bad" Women 17

The Majority of Rapes are Committed by a Stranger 18

Rape Is a Black-On-White Crime 19

Women Secretly Wish to Be Raped 19

When a Woman Says "No" to Sex, She Really Means "Yes" 20

Rapists are Mentally Ill 21

Non-Traditional Rape Myths 21

Men Cannot Be Victims of Rape 21

Rape is Strictly Limited to Interactions between Humans 22

Chapter 2 Sexual Assault Definitions 29

A General Definition of Female Rape 29

General Rape 30

Numerous Ways to Define Rape 30

Rape by Criminal Law v. Civil Law 35

Rape in the Civil Law Context 38

Stranger Rape-A Stereotypical Definition 39

Intimate (Date) Rape 40

Spousal Rape 43

Group Rape and Gang Rape: Rape Defined by Number of Perpetrators 45

Rape Defined as a War Crime 50

Special Feature: Scoring with the Spur Posse 57

Chapter 3 Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault in Private and Professional Relationships: A Legal Perspective 59

Sexual Assault/Rape Statutes, Case Law and Law Review 60

State Statutes 60

Case Law on Rape/Sexual Assault Through Drug Facilitation by Private Individuals 62

Case Law Indicating the Criminalization of Professional-Client Sexual Misconduct 63

Legal Research/Law Review on the Topic of Acquaintance Rape with Drug Facilitation 66

Legal Research/Law Review on the Topic of Professional-Client Sexual Misconduct 67

Obstacles to Successfully Litigating Professional-Client Sexual Assault by Use of Drug-Facilitation 68

Conclusion: A Victim's Legal Recourse 69

Part II The Victims

Special Feature: In the Words of a Rape Survivor 75

Chapter 4 Victim Response to Sexual Assault 77

Coping Behaviors at the Time of the Assault 78

Response After the Assault 80

Rape-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 81

Attribution 82

Self-Blame 82

External Blame 84

Coping Strategies After the Assault 85

Minimization 85

Cognitive Coping 85

Avoidance 86

Nervous/Anxious Coping 86

Withdrawal 86

Taking Precautions 86

Expressive Strategies 87

Stress Reduction Techniques 87

Self-Destructive Strategies 87

Finding Positive Meaning 88

Child Sexual Abuse or Prior Sexual Assault and Coping 88

Recovery from Sexual Assault 89

Acute/Impact Phase 89

Outward Adjustment Phase 90

Depression Phase 91

Integration and Resolution Phase 92

Seeking Help 93

Crisis Intervention 94

Victims' Basic Needs During Crisis Intervention 96

Chapter 5 The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Rape Survivors 107

Risk of Infection 108

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis 109

HIV Testing 110

Chapter 6 The Ripple Effect: Secondary Sexual Assault Survivors 113

Healing and Stages of Recovery 114

Trauma Awareness Phase 114

Crisis and Disorientation Phase 115

Outward Adjustment Phase 116

Reorganization Phase 116

Integration and Resolution Phase 117

Partner Response 117

Family Response 120

Children 122

Response of Friends 123

Support for Secondary Victims 125

Victim Advocate and Counselor Trauma 126

Chapter 7 Sexual Abuse of Males 133

Special Feature: When a friend or family member discloses a sexual assault to you: Guidelines for Helping Sexual Assault Victims 141

Special Feature: When a friend or family member discloses a sexual assault to you: Guidelines for Taking Care of Yourself 143

Part III The Often Unacknowledged Victims

Chapter 8 Sexual Abuse of Men in Prisons 147

Sexual Violence as Power and Social Status: The Misnomer of Homosexual Rape 148

Perpetrators and Victims: Homosexual Conversion, Homosexual Rape, and Sexual Harassment 149

Sex for Trade 152

The Dark Figure of Sexually Violent Crime in Prison 154

Considerations for Sexual Violence Among Male Inmates 156

Chapter 9 Labeling Theory as an Etiological Paradigm for Prison Rape 163

Labeling Theory as a Paradigm for Prison Rape Etiology 164

Structural Issues 167

Chapter 10 A Violation of Trust and Professional Ethics: Sexual Abuse of Women Prisoners by Correctional Staff 171

Defining the Problem 173

Magnitude of the Problem 175

Chapter 11 Sexual Abuse of Children 179

Symptoms and Effects 181

Who Commits the Crime? 182

Sexual Exploitation of Children 183

Chapter 12 Reading Incest: Interpreting Signs of Victimization and Family Dysfunction in One Survivor's Account 187

Special Feature: Incest victim caught in justice-system trap 201

Part IV The Offenders

Chapter 13 Rapists 205

Sex Offender 206

Motivational Typologies 207

Profiles of Specific Rapists 210

General Picture 211

Offender Specialization and Escalation 213

Planning and Spontaneity 214

Situational Elements and Circumstances 214

Stranger Rape 214

Acquaintance Rape 215

Date Rape 216

Marital Rape 217

Child Molesters 219

Classification of Child Molesters 220

Part V The Criminal Justice System

Chapter 14 A Brief History of Rape Law and Rape Law Reform in the United States 235

Non-Consent and the use of Force 237

The Act of Rape and the Gender of the Victim 239

Rape Statutes-Providing Options and Looking at the Punishment 240

Corroboration 241

Cautionary Instructions 242

The Marital Exception 242

Rape Shield Statutes 243

Hate Crimes 244

The Effectiveness of Rape Law Reform 246

Changing Times, New Reforms 246

Special Feature: Acquittal of husband spurs anger; Wife accused him of raping her 251

Chapter 15 Police and Victims of Sexual Assault 253

Police Process and Response to Sexual Assault Victims 254

Police Officer Discretionary Decisions: Legal and Extra-legal Factors 256

Founding of a Rape 256

Decision to Investigate 258

Decision to Arrest 258

Extra-Legal Factors Affecting Police Decisions: Rape Myths & Secondary Victimization 259

False Allegations of Rape 260

Extent of False Allegations 260

Reasons for Making False Allegations of Rape 261

Identifying False Allegations of Rape 262

Victims' Perceptions of Police in their

Response to Sexual Assault Victims 262

Victims' Perceptions of Police Response 262

Reporting Sexual Assault Victimizations to Police 264

Police Innovations in the Investigation of Sexual Assault 265

Training 265

Specialized Sexual Assault Policing Units 266

Coordinated Care Teams 266

Blind Reporting System 267

Citizen Oversight of Sexual Assault Investigations 267

Evaluation of Innovative Approaches 268

Police Guidelines on Approaching Victims of Sexual Assault 268

Special Feature: In the Words of a Police Officer 275

Special Feature: Report exposes lie detector tests that await some Ohio rape victims 277

Chapter 16 Prosecution of Sex Crimes 281

Prosecutorial Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases 283

Prosecutorial Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases: A Summary and Discussion 288

Rape Law Reform 290

Impact of Rape Law Reform 292

Special Feature: In the Words of a Prosecutor 299

Chapter 17 Sex Offender Treatment: An Overview 301

Treatment Goals 302

Approaches 303

Biological 304

Pharmacological 304

Surgical 308

Psychological 309

Analysis-Success and Failure 313

Part VI Public Fear and the Legislative Response

Chapter 18 Sex Offender Laws: Some Legislative Responses 321

Registration Laws 323

Notification Laws 327

Sexual Predator Laws 328

Chemical Castration 330

Special Feature: Kansas Statute Excerpt 335.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0890893349

OCLC:

53038220