Science essentials, high school level : lessons and activities for test preparation / Mark J. Handwerker.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Handwerker, Mark J.

Series:

Handwerker, Mark J. Science essentials

Science essentials

Standardized Title:

Ready-to-use science proficiency lessons & activities, 10th grade level

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Science--Study and teaching (Secondary)--United States--Activity programs.

Science.

Science--Study and teaching (Secondary).

United States.

Physical Description:

xx, 393 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm.

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass, [2005]

Summary:

Science Essentials High School Level gives classroom teachers and science specialists a dynamic and progressive way to meet curriculum standards and competencies. Science Essentials are also available from Jossey-Bass publishers at the elementary school and middle school levels.

You'll find the lessons and activities at each level actively engage students in learning about the natural and technological world in which we live by encouraging them to use their senses and intuitive abilities on the road to discovery. They were developed and tested by professional science teachers who sought to give students enjoyable learning experiences while preparing them for district and statewide proficiency exams.

For easy use, the lesson and activities at the High School Level are printed on a big 8 1/2" x 11" lay-flat format that folds flat for photocopying of over 107 student activity sheets, and are organized into two sections: I. Biology (60 Lessons) Addresses the following topics: Fundamental Life Process, Single and Multicellular Organisms, Phenotypes, DNA/RNA, Genetics, Ecosystems, Internal Environments, Bacteria, and Viruses. II. Chemistry (47 Lessons) Includes information about: Periodic Table of Elements, Properties of Matter, and Kinetic Molecular Theory.

Each section offers detailed lessons with reproducible activity sheets for teaching basic concepts and skills in one main area of science at this level. Each lesson includes: The Basic Principle underlying the lesson and accompanying student activity, The specific science Competency students will demonstrate, A list of Materials needed to complete the activity, An easy-to-follow, illustrated Procedure for presenting the lesson and accompanying student activity handout, Observations & Analysis describing the desired results and answers to the student activity, A two-page, illustrated Student Handout with step-by-step directions for carrying out the activity and recording observations and conclusions

The lessons in each section are followed by sample test items focusing on the concepts and skills emphasized in that section. These will help students prepare for the types of questions they will be asked in actual test situations and are followed by answer keys.

All three grade level volumes-elementary, middle school, and high school-give you stimulating and effective ways to help students master basic science content and prepare to demonstrate their knowledge at the particular level.

Contents:

About This Science TestPrep Teaching Resource v

I Biology 1

Basic Principle: Fundamental life processes depend on a variety of chemical reactions carried out in specialized cell organelles

Science Competency: Students will show how a semipermeable membrane regulates a cell's interactions with its environment

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 1

Science Competency: Students will show how enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 2

Science Competency: Students will show how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses differ in complexity and general structure

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 3

Science Competency: Students will describe the flow of information from the transcription of RNA in the nucleus to the translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 4

Science Competency: Students will describe the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 5

Science Competency: Students will show that energy captured from sunlight by chloroplasts is stored in plants in the form of starch

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 6

Science Competency: Students will describe the role of mitochondria in making stored chemical bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 7

Science Competency: Students will explain how polysaccharides, macromolecules essential for the healthy functioning of living cells, are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 8

Science Competency: Students will explain how lipids, macromolecules essential for the healthy functioning of living cells, are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 9

Science Competency: Students will explain how proteins, macromolecules essential for the healthy functioning of living cells, are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 10

Science Competency: Students will explain how nucleic acids such as DNA, which carry the genetic code of living organisms, are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 11

Basic Principle: All living organisms are composed of cells capable of reproduction

Science Competency: Students will identify stages of mitosis

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 12

Basic Principle: Mutation and sexual reproduction lead to genetic variation in a population

Science Competency: Students will identify stages of meiosis

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 13

Science Competency: Students will identify different types of chromosomal alterations

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 14

Lesson 15 50

Science Competency: Students will explain how crossing over during meiosis increases the variability of traits within a species

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 15

Lesson 16 53

Science Competency: Students will explain how male gametes form

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 16

Lesson 17 56

Science Competency: Students will explain how female gametes form

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 17

Lesson 18 59

Science Competency: Students will describe the process of fertilization

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 18

Lesson 19 62

Basic Principle: A multicellular organism develops from a single zygote

Science Competency: Students will identify the stages of human embryonic development

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 19

Lesson 20 66

Science Competency: Students will identify the primordial germ layers that give rise to the organ systems of the body

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 20

Lesson 21 69

Basic Principle: The phenotype of an organism depends on its genotype which is established at fertilization

Science Competency: Students will use a Punnett Square to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of an organism resulting from a monohybrid cross

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 21

Lesson 22 73

Science Competency: Students will use a Punnett Square to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of an organism resulting from a dihybrid cross

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 22

Lesson 23 76

Science Competency: Students will explain the role of chromosomes in determining an organism's gender

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 23

Lesson 24 79

Science Competency: Students will predict the possible outcomes of genotypes and phenotypes in a cross involving an X-linked disease

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 24

Lesson 25 82

Basic Principle: Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA of each organism

Science Competency: Students will construct a model of a DNA molecule

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 25

Lesson 26 86

Science Competency: Students will explain how DNA replicates itself

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 26

Lesson 27 89

Science Competency: Students will examine the functions of RNA molecules in helping DNA to execute the genetic code

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 27

Lesson 28 93

Science Competency: Students will explain how genes can be regulated

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 28

Lesson 29 96

Science Competency: Students will explain how genetic mutations occur

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 29

Lesson 30 99

Science Competency: Students will explain how recombinant DNA is synthesized

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 30

Lesson 31 102

Science Competency: Students will explain how bacteria are used to help synthesize human proteins

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 31

Lesson 32 105

Science Competency: Students will explain how criminal investigators use DNA fingerprinting to help solve crimes

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 32

Lesson 33 108

Science Competency: Students will explain how gene therapy works

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 33

Lesson 34 111

Basic Principle: Stability in an ecosystem is a balance of competing effects

Science Competency: Students will give examples of biodiversity within ecological communities

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 34

Lesson 35 115

Science Competency: Students will analyze changes in an ecosystem resulting from climatic change

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 35

Lesson 36 119

Science Competency: Students will analyze changes in an ecosystem resulting from human activity

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 36

Lesson 37 122

Science Competency: Students will analyze changes in an ecosystem resulting from the introduction of a nonnative species

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 37

Lesson 38 125

Science Competency: Students will show how population size fluctuates due to birth rate, immigration, emigration, and death

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 38

Lesson 39 129

Science Competency: Students will identify the chemical cycles of abiotic resources that affect organic matter

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 39

Lesson 40 133

Science Competency: Students will explain why producers and consumers are essential to the survival of an ecosystem

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 40

Lesson 41 136

Science Competency: Students will use a food pyramid to illustrate the flow of energy through an ecosystem

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 41

Lesson 42 140

Basic Principle: The frequency of alleles in a gene pool varies over time

Science Competency: Students will show how lethal genes can be passed from generation to generation

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 42

Lesson 43 144

Science Competency: Students will explain how mutations are added to the gene pool

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 43

Lesson 44 147

Science Competency: Students will show how natural selection acts on phenotype rather than genotype

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 44

Lesson 45 150

Science Competency: Students will explain how variations within a species increase the likelihood of species survival

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 45

Lesson 46 153

Basic Principle: Evolution is the result of genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments

Science Competency: Students will show how natural selection determines the differential survival of organisms

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 46

Lesson 47 157

Science Competency: Students will explain how reproductive and geographic isolation affect speciation

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 47

Lesson 48 160

Science Competency: Students will analyze fossil evidence with regard to biological diversity, episodic speciation, and mass extinction

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 48

Lesson 49 164

Basic Principle: The internal environment of the human body remains relatively stable, or homeostatic, in the face of outside change due to the coordination of structures and functions among organ systems

Science Competency: Students will explain how body systems provide cells with oxygen and nutrients

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 49

Lesson 50 167

Science Competency: Students will explain how organ systems remove toxic wastes from the body

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 50

Lesson 51 170

Science Competency: Students will explain how nerve cells conduct electrochemical impulses and communicate with one another

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 51

Lesson 52 174

Science Competency: Students will explain how drugs interfere with communication between neurons

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 52

Lesson 53 178

Science Competency: Students will explain the roles of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons in mediating communication between different parts of the body and the environment

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 53

Lesson 54 181

Science Competency: Students will identify the major structures of sensory organs

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 54

Lesson 55 184

Science Competency: Students will explain how feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate conditions within the body

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 55

Lesson 56 188

Basic Principle: Organisms have a variety of mechanisms to combat disease

Science Competency: Students will explain the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against disease

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 56

Lesson 57 191

Science Competency: Students will explain the role of antibodies in the body's response to infection

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 57

Lesson 58 194

Science Competency: Students will explain how vaccinations protect an individual from infectious disease

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 58

Lesson 59 197

Science Competency: Students will explain the important difference between bacteria and viruses, and their relationship to infectious disease

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 59

Lesson 60 200

Science Competency: Students will explain why a compromised immune system (as in the case of AIDS) may be unable to survive infection by microorganisms that might otherwise be benign

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 60

Biology Practice Test 203

II Chemistry 215

Basic Principle: The Periodic Table displays the elements in increasing atomic number, and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure

Science Competency: Students will relate the position of an element in the Periodic Table (see page 365) to its atomic number and mass

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 61

Basic Principle: The Periodic Table displays the elements in increasing atomic number, and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure

Science Competency: Students will relate the position of an element in the Periodic Table to its quantum electron configuration and reactivity with other elements in the table table

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 62

Science Competency: Students will use the Periodic Table to identify metals, metalloids, nonmetals, halogens, and noble gases

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 63

Basic Principle: The Periodic Table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure

Science Competency: Students will use the Periodic Table to identify alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 64

Science Competency: Students will use the Periodic Table to identify trends in ionization energy, electronegativity, and the relative sizes of atoms

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 65

Science Competency: Students will explain the experimental evidence demonstrating the much smaller size and large mass of the nucleus relative to the atom as a whole

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 66

Basic Principle: The biochemical, chemical, and physical properties of matter result from the ability of atoms to form bonds based on electrostatic forces between electrons and protons and between atoms and molecules

Science Competency: Students will show how atoms form ions and how atoms combine to form ionically bonded molecules

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 67

Science Competency: Students will show how atoms form covalently bonded molecules

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 68

Science Competency: Students will show how covalently bonded atoms can form large biological molecules

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 69

Science Competency: Students will show how salt crystals such as NaCl are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 70

Science Competency: Students will use the Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter to explain how solids differ from liquids and liquids differ from gas

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 71

Science Competency: Students will draw Lewis-dot (i.e., electron-dot) structures of atoms and ions

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 72

Basic Principle: The conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the principle of conservation of matter and the ability to calculate the masses of products and reactants

Science Competency: Students will show that matter is conserved in a chemical reaction

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 73

Science Competency: Students will describe chemical reactions by writing balanced chemical equations

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 74

Science Competency: Students will explain the concept of a "mole"

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 75

Science Competency: Students will determine the molar masses of a molecule from its chemical formula using a table of atomic masses

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 76

Science Competency: Students will convert the mass of a molecular substance to moles

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 77

Science Competency: Students will calculate the masses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction from the mass of one of the reactants or products

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 78

Basic Principle: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory describes the motion of atoms and molecules, and explains the properties of gases

Science Competency: Students will illustrate the random motion of molecules in a gas and their collisions to explain the observable pressure on that surface

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 79

Science Competency: Students will illustrate the random motion of molecules to explain the phenomenon of diffusion

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 80

Science Competency: Students will apply the gas laws relating to pressure, temperature, and volume of ideal gases and mixtures of ideal gases

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 81

Science Competency: Students will define the values and meanings of standard temperature and pressure (STP)

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 82

Science Competency: Students will define the value and meaning of absolute zero: 0 Kelvin

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 83

Science Competency: Students will convert temperatures from one scale to another: Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 84

Basic Principle: Acids, bases, and salts are three classes of compounds that form ions in water solutions

Science Competency: Students will list the properties of acids, bases, and salts

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 85

Basic Principle: Acids, bases, and salts are three classes of compounds that form ions

in water solutions

Science Competency: Students will identify acids as hydrogen-ion-donating and bases as hydrogen-ion-accepting substances

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 86

Science Competency: Students will compare the relative strengths of different acids and bases using litmus paper

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 87

Basic Principle: Acids, bases, and salts are three classes of compounds that form ions in water solutions

Science Competency: Students will titrate a base with an acid to compare their relative strengths

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 88

Basic Principle: Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances

Science Competency: Students will distinguish between a solute and a solvent

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 89

Science Competency: Students will describe the usual effect of temperature on the amount of solute able to dissolve in a given solvent, and explain the dissolving process as a result of random molecular motion

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 90

Science Competency: Students will calculate the concentration of a solute in terms of mass of solute per unit mass of solvent, weight percentage of solute in solution, molarity, and molality

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 91

Basic Principle: Energy is exchanged or transformed in all chemical reactions and physical changes of matter

Science Competency: Students will describe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of atoms and molecules

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 92

Science Competency: Students will show that chemical processes can either release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) thermal energy

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 93

Science Competency: Students will illustrate how energy is released when a material condenses or freezes, and absorbed when a material melts or evaporates

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 94

Science Competency: Students will solve problems of heat flow using known values of specific heat

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 95

Basic Principle: Chemical reaction rates depend on factors that influence the frequency of collision among reactant molecules

Science Competency: Students will explain that the rate of reaction is the decrease in concentration of reactants, or the increase in the concentration of products with time

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 96

Science Competency: Students will show how reaction rates depend on such factors as concentration, temperature, and pressure

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 97

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 98

Basic Principle: Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process at the molecular level

Science Competency: Students will show that equilibrium is established when forward and reverse reaction rates are equal

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 99

Science Competency: Students will use Le Chatelier's Principle to predict the effect of changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure on chemical reactions in equilibrium

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 100

Basic Principle: The bonding characteristics of carbon lead to many different molecules with varied sizes, shapes, and chemical properties, providing the chemical basis of life

Science Competency: Students will show that large polymers such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are formed by repetitive combinations of smaller subunits

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 101

Science Competency: Students will identify the subunits of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 102

Basic Principle: Nuclear processes are those in which the atomic nucleus changes, including radioactive decay of naturally occurring and artificial isotopes, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion

Science Competency: Students will explain that protons and neutrons are held together by powerful nuclear forces much stronger than the electromagnetic repulsion between protons

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 103

Science Competency: Students will explain that energy released during nuclear fission and fusion is much greater than the energy released during chemical reactions

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 104

Science Competency: Students will calculate the energy released per gram of material in a nuclear reaction using the formula E = mc[superscript 2]

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 105

Science Competency: Students will identify naturally occurring isotopes of radioactive elements as well as those formed by nuclear reactions

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 106

Science Competency: Students will identify the three most common forms of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, and gamma) and show how the nucleus changes with each type of decay

Reproducibles: Student Handout-Lesson 107

The Periodic Table of Elements 365

Chemistry Practice Test 367

Appendix Preparing Your Students for Standardized Proficiency Tests 381

What Parents Need to Know about Standardized Tests 381

The Uses of Standardized Tests 382

Test Terms 383

Common Types of Standardized Tests 386

Preparing Your Child for Standardized Tests 388

Cover Letter to Parents Announcing Standardized Tests 389

What Students Need to Know about Standardized Tests 390

Test-Taking Tips for Students 391

Test Words You Should Know 392

Creating a Positive Test-Taking Environment 393.

Notes:

Previously published as: Ready-to-use science proficiency lessons & activities, 10th grade level. Paramus, NJ : Center for Applied Research in Education, c2002, in series: TestPrep curriculum activities library.

"Jossey-Bass teacher"--Cover.

"Grades 9-12"--Cover.

ISBN:

0787975753

OCLC:

54487575

Online:

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