Gender, conflict, and development / Tsjeard Bouta, Georg Frerks, Ian Bannon.

Format:

Book

Government document

Author/Creator:

Bouta, Tsjeard, 1974-

Contributor:

Frerks, Georg, 1954-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Women and war.

Women and peace.

Women in development.

Women--Violence against.

Women.

Physical Description:

xxviii, 192 pages ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : World Bank, [2005]

Summary:

This book highlights the gender dimensions of conflict and is organized around major relevant themes such as female combatants, sexual violence, formal and informal peace processes, the legal framework, the rehabilitation of social services and community-driven development. For each theme it analyzes how conflict changes gender roles and the policy options that might be considered to build on positive aspects while minimizing adverse changes. The book concludes by identifying some of the remaining challenges and themes that require additional analysis and research.

Contents:

The Bank's Approach to Gender and Conflict 6

Limitations 7

The Links among Gender, Conflict, and Development 8

2 Gender and Warfare: Female Combatants and Soldiers' Wives 9

Women in Conflict 11

Gender Roles in Armies 12

Gender Relations in the Army 15

Development Challenges: Providing Post-Conflict Assistance to Female Ex-Soldiers 17

Policy Options 22

3 Gender-Based and Sexual Violence: A Multidimensional Approach 33

GBV and Conflict 34

Gender-Specific Roles: Types of GBV 35

Dynamics: A GBV Continuum 37

Development Challenges: A Multidimensional Approach 38

Policy Options 39

4 Gender and Formal Peace Processes 49

Gender Roles in the Peace Process 50

Dynamics: Struggling for Participation 54

Development Challenges: Gender-Sensitizing the Political Process 57

Policy Options 58

5 Gender, Informal Peace Processes, and Rebuilding Civil Society 65

Gender Roles in Informal Peace Processes 66

Dynamics: Readjusting the Work on Peace, Rehabilitation, and Development 69

Development Challenges: The Need for Sustained External Support 70

Policy Options 71

6 Gender-Sensitizing the Post-Conflict Legal Framework 77

Gender-Specific Laws, Adequate Judicial Recourse, and Equal Access to Legal Services 78

Dynamics: Non-Statutory Law and the Legacy of Violence 80

Development Challenges: Post-Conflict Legal Foundations and Engendering the Rule of Law 81

Policy Options 83

7 Gender and Work: Creating Equal Labor Market Opportunities 89

Linking Gender and Work 91

Gender-Specific Roles in Urban and Agricultural Work 93

Dynamics: Changing Labor Market Prospects 95

Development Challenges: Capitalizing on Changing Labor Divisions and New Skills 99

General Policy Options 99

Rural Policy Options 101

Informal Sector Policy Options 103

Formal Sector Policy Options 107

8 Gender and Rehabilitating Social Services: A Focus on Education 111

Gender-Specific Roles and Needs 113

Dynamics: Complex Interactions but Also Opportunities 114

Development Challenges: Sustained, Gender-Sensitive Services 117

Policy Options 118

9 Gender and Community-Driven Development 123

Gender Aspects of Social Capital and Cohesion 124

Development Dynamics: Empowering Communities and Promoting Social Cohesion through CDD 124

Development Challenges: Addressing Constraints on Women's Participation 125

10 Policy Options 133

Relevance 134

Capitalizing on Empowering Gender Role Changes 134

Intra-Organizational Requirements 140

Objectives, Timing, Target Groups, and Dilemmas 142

11 Further Analysis on Gender, Conflict, and Development 145

Specific Gender Roles 146

Masculinity, Feminity, and Gender Relations 148

Young Men at Risk 148

Is There a Gender Dimension in Reintegrating Child Soldiers? 149

Gender and Other Differential Factors 150

Macroeconomic Policies and Institution Building in Post-Conflict Settings 150

Linking Gender, Conflict, and Development Cooperation 151

Social Capital, Cohesion, and Gender 152

More Attention to Transformative Approaches 153

2.1 Women Tamil Tigers Take on Combat Roles 13

2.2 Soldiers in Support Roles Are Excluded from Assistance 14

2.3 Women, Girls, and Boys Are Forcefully Recruited into Civil Wars 15

2.4 Gender Relations Break with Tradition in Nepal's Maoist Army 16

2.5 Female Soldiers Hide Their Identity 18

2.6 Abducted Women in Sierra Leone Flee from the Army 19

2.7 Mozambique's AMODEG, a Veterans' Organization, Reaches Out to Women 30

2.8 Women Support Reintegration in Sierra Leone 31

3.1 Medica Zenica Project Aids Female GBV Survivors in Bosnia and Herzegovina 39

3.2 Anima Establishes a GBV Hotline 40

3.3 Different Methods Are Used to Raise GBV Awareness among Men 41

3.4 Is There Too Much Research and Not Enough Action? 42

3.5 IRC's Tanzania GBV Program Helps Burundian Female Refugees 44

3.6 Peace Operations in Cambodia Had Negative Social Impacts 46

4.1 Building Women's Alliances in Burundi, Liberia, and Northern Ireland 53

4.2 Women Participated in El Salvador's Peace Negotiations 54

4.3 Women's Post-Conflict Political Participation Increases over Time 56

4.4 A "Women Can Do It" Campaign Unfolds in Southeastern Europe 58

4.5 Burundi's Peace Process Incorporates Gender and Women's Issues 59

4.6 Cambodian Women's NGOs Train Successful Women Political Candidates 60

4.7 Women Played an Active Political Role in Post-Conflict East Timor 62

5.1 Women Rally to Promote Peace in Colombia 66

5.2 Women's Peace Activism Brought on Pivotal Changes in Sierra Leone 68

5.3 Women's Refugee NGOs Lose Power in Post-Conflict Guatemala 70

5.4 Rwandan Women Move from Informal to Formal Politics 73

6.1 Taking Constitutional Steps in Post-Conflict Afghanistan 81

6.2 Centers Provide Legal Advice to Women in Southeastern Europe 82

6.3 CEDAW Gender Balances Uganda's Constitution 83

6.4 Inclusive Legislation Is Drafted in Cambodia and Eritrea 85

7.1 Women Faced Discrimination in Land Transfer Program 94

7.2 Women's Access to Land Remains an Issue in Rwanda 96

7.3 Women's Post-Conflict Participation in Formal Employment Varies 98

7.4 Women Face a Post-Conflict Struggle for Land Access and Ownership 102

7.5 Women's Organizations Are Revived in Rwanda 103

7.6 Women Can Benefit from Microcredit Programs 105

7.7 Vocational Training Programs for Women Are Found Lacking 106

7.8 Gender Analysis Identifies Measures to Increase Female Participation 109

8.1 Community Education Fills the Schooling Gap during Conflict 116

8.2 Home-Schooling Girls in Afghanistan Addresses Educational Needs 119

9.1 CDD in the West Bank and Gaza Embraces Women 126

9.2 Women Gain Equal Representation on Local Councils in Timor-Leste 127

10.1 Policy Options 135.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 161-176) and index.

ISBN:

0821359681

OCLC:

56876764