A gateway to Sindarin : a grammar of an Elvish language from J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the rings / David Salo.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Salo, David, 1969-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sindarin (Artificial language)--Grammar.

Sindarin (Artificial language).

Grammar.

Physical Description:

xvi, 438 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Salt Lake City : University of Utah Press, [2004]

Summary:

A serious linguistic analysis of Tolkien's Sindarin language. Includes the grammar, morphology, and history of the language.

Contents:

1 The History of Sindarin 3

The First Age 3

The Lindai ([section] 1.1) 3

The Sindar in Beleriand ([section] 1.2) 4

The Noldor ([section] 1.3) 5

The Edain ([section] 1.4) 7

The end of the First Age ([section] 1.5) 7

The Second Age 8

The Eldar in Beleriand ([section] 1.6) 8

The migrations of the Sindar of Doriath ([section] 1.7) 9

The migrations of the Noldor ([section] 1.8) 9

Numenor ([section] 1.9) 10

The Third Age 12

The kingdoms of the Elves ([section] 1.10) 12

The kingdoms of Men ([section] 1.11) 13

The end of the Third Age ([section] 1.12) 15

Timeline ([section] 1.13) 15

2 The Sounds of Sindarin 19

Sounds found in Classical Sindarin ([section] 2.1) 19

Syllable divisions ([section] 2.2) 22

Light and heavy syllables ([section] 2.3) 23

Open and closed syllables ([section] 2.4) 23

Stress accent ([section] 2.5) 23

Long consonants ([section] 2.6) 24

Sounds found in Middle Sindarin or Sindarin dialects ([section] 2.7) 24

Sounds found in Old Sindarin ([section] 2.8) 25

Sounds found in Common Eldarin ([section] 2.9) 25

3 Sindarin Writing Systems 26

The Certhas Daeron ([section] 3.1) 26

The mode of Beleriand ([section] 3.2) 27

The alphabetic mode of Gondor ([section] 3.3) 28

The consonantal mode of Gondor ([section] 3.4) 29

4 Historical Phonology of Sindarin 31

Changes Preceding Common Eldarin ([sections] 4.1-6) 34

Early Changes in Common Eldarin ([sections] 4.7-21) 34

Lindarin Changes ([sections] 4.22-32) 37

Changes in Sindarin Only ([sections] 4.33-77) 38

Old Sindarin to Middle Sindarin ([sections] 4.78-115) 44

Sandhi Changes ([sections] 4.116-68) 51

Middle Sindarin to Classical Sindarin ([sections] 4.168-215) 60

Postclassical Sindarin ([sections] 4.216-20) 66

Sound Changes in Sindarin Dialects ([sections] 4.221-48) 67

5 Mutations 73

Consonant Mutations 73

The soft mutation ([section] 5.1) 73

The nasal mutation ([section] 5.2) 75

The stop mutation ([section] 5.3) 77

The liquid mutation ([section] 5.4) 78

The mixed mutation ([section] 5.5) 79

Medial mutations ([section] 5.6) 80

Vowel Mutations 82

The a-affection ([sections] 5.7-8) 82

The i-affection ([section] 5.9) 83

Primary final affection 83

Primary internal affection 84

Secondary affection 87

Double affection ([section] 5.10) 89

Ablaut ([section] 5.11) 90

6 Nouns 93

The genitive ([section] 6.1) 93

Plurals ([sections] 6.2-11) 94

Vowel mutation plurals ([section] 6.2) 94

Unusual i-final plurals 95

-h plurals ([section] 6.3) 95

-u plurals ([section] 6.4) 96

Double affection plurals ([section] 6.5) 96

Defective singulars ([section] 6.6) 96

Suffix plurals ([section] 6.7) 98

-in plurals ([section] 6.8) 98

-ath plurals ([section] 6.9) 98

-rim, -hoth, and -waith ([section] 6.10) 98

The dative ([section] 6.11) 100

The accusative ([section] 6.12) 100

The vocative ([section] 6.13) 100

7 Adjectives 101

Mutation of postpositioned adjectives ([section] 7.1) 101

Mutation and prepositioned adjectives ([section] 7.2) 101

Lenition ([section] 7.3) 102

Quasi-genitive adjectives ([section] 7.4) 102

Mutation and monosyllables ([section] 7.5) 103

Plurality ([section] 7.6) 103

8 Pronouns 105

Personal Pronouns ([sections] 8.1-6) 105

Demonstratives ([sections] 8.7-9) 108

Other Pronouns ([sections] 8.10-13) 109

Interrogative pronouns ([section] 8.10) 109

Relative pronouns ([section] 8.11) 109

Indefinite pronouns ([section] 8.12) 110

Reconstructed pronouns ([section] 8.13) 110

9 Verbs 111

Personal endings ([section] 9.2) 111

The infinitive ([section] 9.3) 112

The present tense ([section] 9.4) 112

The impersonal ([section] 9.5) 113

The present participle ([section] 9.6) 113

The gerund ([section] 9.7) 114

The future tense ([section] 9.8) 115

The past tense ([sections] 9.9-13) 115

The past passive participle ([section] 9.14) 120

The perfect active participle ([section] 9.15) 120

The imperative ([section] 9.16) 121

The verb to be ([section] 9.17) 121

Verb Paradigms 122

10 Adverbs, Prefixes, and Prepositions 139

11 Conjunctions 148

12 The Article 149

Forms of the article ([section] 12.2) 149

Singular nominative/accusative article ([section] 12.3) 149

Singular genitive article ([section] 12.4) 149

Singular prepositional article ([section] 12.5) 150

Plural article ([section] 12.6) 150

Examples ([section] 12.7) 151

The article with collective plurals ([section] 12.8) 151

Plural prepositional article ([section] 12.9) 152

13 Interjections 153

14 Word Formation 154

Roots ([section] 14.1) 154

Nouns 156

Simple nouns ([section] 14.2) 156

Nasalized nouns ([section] 14.3) 157

Nouns with strengthened nasals ([section] 14.4) 158

Nouns with doubled finals ([section] 14.5) 158

Nouns with vocalized initial nasals ([section] 14.6) 159

Nouns with Suffixes 159

Immediate suffixes ([section] 14.7) 159

Mediate suffixes ([section] 14.8) 161

Unchangeable mediate suffixes ([section] 14.9) 162

Adjectives 166

Simple adjectives ([section] 14.10) 166

Nasalized adjectives ([section] 14.11) 167

Adjectives with strengthened nasals ([section] 14.12) 167

Adjectives with doubled finals ([section] 14.13) 168

Adjectives with Suffixes 168

Immediate suffixes ([section] 14.14) 168

Mediate suffixes ([section] 14.15) 169

Unchangeable mediate suffixes ([section] 14.16) 169

Verbs 171

Simple verbs ([section] 14.17) 171

Nasalized verbs ([section] 14.18) 171

Verbs with Suffixes 172

Immediate suffixes ([section] 14.19) 172

Mediate suffixes ([section] 14.20) 172

15 Compound Words and Names 173

Tatpurusha compounds ([section] 15.2) 173

Karmadharaya compounds ([section] 15.3) 174

Bahuvrihi compounds ([section] 15.4) 176

Prepositional compounds ([section] 15.5) 176

Dvigu compounds ([section] 15.6) 176

Double comparatives ([section] 15.7) 176

Dvandva compounds ([section] 15.8) 177

Improper compounds ([section] 15.9) 177

Formation of Compound Words 178

Changes in Element-Initial Consonants ([sections] 15.11-18) 178

Changes in Element-Final Consonants ([sections] 15.19-29) 183

Liquid mutation ([section] 15.30) 187

Vowel and diphthong shortenings ([section] 15.31) 188

Consonant simplification ([section] 15.32) 189

16 Loanwords in Sindarin 191

17 Syntax 194

Noun phrases ([section] 17.1) 194

Composite noun phrases ([section] 17.2) 194

Appositive noun phrases ([section] 17.3) 195

Genitive noun phrases ([section] 17.4) 195

Conjunct noun phrases ([section] 17.5) 197

Noun and adjective phrase ([section] 17.6) 197

Noun and prepositional phrase ([section] 17.7) 198

Noun and complementizer phrase ([section] 17.8) 199

Determiner phrases ([section] 17.9) 199

Adjective phrases ([section] 17.10) 201

Prepositional phrases ([section] 17.11) 201

Preposition and pronoun ([section] 17.12) 201

Preposition and noun phrase ([section] 17.13) 201

Preposition and determiner phrase ([section] 17.14) 202

Conjunct prepositional phrases ([section] 17.15) 202

Complementizer phrases ([section] 17.16) 202

Sentence structure: verbless sentences ([section] 17.17) 203

Noun-phrase sentences ([section] 17.18) 203

Noun-and-prepositional-phrase sentences ([section] 17.19) 203

Adjectival sentences ([section] 17.20) 204

Sentence structure: verbal sentences ([section] 17.21) 204

Normal VS(O)-type sentences ([section] 17.22) 204

Sentences with omitted subject pronouns ([section] 17.23) 205

Sentences with subject topicalization ([section] 17.24) 206

Sentences with object topicalization ([section] 17.25) 206

Sentences with verb topicalization ([section] 17.26) 206

Conjunct sentences ([section] 17.27) 207

Extrasentential elements ([section] 17.28) 207

Vocatives ([section] 17.29) 207

Adverbials ([section] 17.30) 208

Appendix 1 Extant Texts in Sindarin 211

Appendix 2 A Sindarin-English Glossary 234

Appendix 3 Eldarin Roots 294

Appendix 4 An English-Sindarin Glossary 317

Appendix 5 Sindarin Names 337

Names of Persons and Creatures 339

Names of Things 359

Names of Places 366

Appendix 6 Miscellanea 395

Sindarin Names of the Valar, Valier, and Maiar 395

Sindarin Numbers 399

Sindarin Month and Day Names 400.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 416-435).

ISBN:

0874808006

OCLC:

54960199