Marek's disease : an evolving problem / edited by Fred Davison and Venugopal Nair.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Davison, T. F. (T. Fred)

Nair, Venugopal.

Series:

Biology of animal infections 1572-4271

Biology of animal infections, 1572-4271

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Poultry--Diseases.

Poultry.

Marek's disease.

Physical Description:

xxii, 212 pages, 9 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color), color map ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

London ; SanDiego : Elsevier Academic Press, [2004]

Summary:

Marek??'s disease is a form of cancer of poultry caused by an important herpesvirus (MDV). It continues to be a threat to poultry health and welfare and worldwide losses are estimated to be US$ 1 billion annually. This book provides a timely review of the problems of Marek's disease with descriptions of the complex viral life cycle, how MDV targets different types of white blood cells, and details of the virus structure, its genes and proteins. * The multiplicity of factors contributing to susceptibility is explored in detail * Vaccination?? the problems arising from current vaccination strategies and how these can be improved and made sustainable in future * The lessons learned in the control of MD over the past 30 years, and how we can use MD as a model for other animal and human diseases is discussed

Contents:

Jozsef Marek (1868-1952) and the identification of the disease 2

Houghton Poultry Research Station and the isolation of the causative agent of Marek's disease 4

The place of Marek's disease and Marek's disease virus in the biological sciences 6

2 Marek's disease: long and difficult beginnings / Peter M. Biggs 8

Early days 8

Terminology and classification 9

Evidence for the separation of Marek's disease from lymphoid leukoses 10

Clinical and pathological studies of field cases 10

Transmission studies 11

Experimental studies comparing Marek's disease with lymphoid leukosis 12

Identifying the Marek's disease virus 12

Identification of Marek's disease herpesvirus 13

Circumstantial evidence 13

Definitive evidence 14

3 The genome content of Marek's disease-like viruses / Klaus Osterrieder, Jean-Francois Vautherot 17

Gene content and transcription of the Mardiviruses 18

Transcription and gene expression during MDV latency 25

Manipulation of the MDV genome: new strategy using bacterial artificial chromosomes 27

4 Marek's disease virus oncogenicity: molecular mechanisms / Venugopal Nair, Hsing-Jien Kung 32

Meq, a Jun/Fos family member, as a putative oncogene for MDV 33

The structure and function of Meq 34

Meq as a transcriptional regulator 37

Meq as a transforming protein 38

Meq as a major oncoprotein in MDV oncogenesis 39

Meq mutations in proline-rich domains correlate with virulence 40

Meq's potential roles in MDV replication and latency 41

Summary and implications of Meq as an oncogene for MDV 42

Other genes associated with pathogenicity 43

BamHI-H family of transcripts 44

MDV phosphoprotein 38 (pp38) complex 44

MDV-encoded CXC chemokine, vIL-8 44

MDV-encoded telomerase RNA 45

MDV ICP4 homologue-related transcripts 46

5 Marek's disease: a worldwide problem / Chris Morrow, Frank Fehler 49

Diagnostic investigation of MD problems 51

Economic impact 53

Causes of outbreaks 54

MD in species other than chickens 60

Problems associated with contamination of MD vaccines 60

6 Marek's disease virus: biology and life cycle / Susan J. Baigent, Fred Davison 62

Natural infection with MDV 65

Early cytolytic phase 66

Latency 69

Late cytolytic phase 71

Fully productive infection in the feather-follicle epithelium 71

Transformation 72

7 Pathological responses to infection / Laurence N. Payne 78

Virus-cell relationships in Marek's disease 79

Pathogenesis and pathology of Marek's disease 79

Primary infection 79

Acute cytolytic infection of lymphoid tissue 81

Viraemia and haematology 82

Infection of feather-follicle epithelium 83

Infection of other parenchymatous tissues 84

Peripheral neuropathy 84

Central nervous system 88

Lymphomatosis 89

Atherosclerosis 91

Ocular changes 92

Factors affecting lesion type 92

Virus strain 92

Host 93

Marek's disease in other species 94

Turkeys 94

Japanese quail 95

Pheasants 95

8 Marek's disease lymphomas / Shane C. Burgess 98

Histopathology 99

Peripheral nerves 99

Skin 99

Visceral and skeletal muscle lymphomas 99

Lymphoma cell phenotypes 100

MATSAs 100

MDV-transformed cells 101

Phenotypes of MD lymphoma cells 101

The identity of the neoplastically transformed cells in MD lymphomas 103

Anti-lymphoma immunity 105

MD lymphoma regression 105

Anti-MD lymphoma immunity 106

Transplantable tumours 106

Tumour antigens in MD 107

Model for MD lymphomagenesis 108

9 Genetic resistance to Marek's disease / Nat Bumstead, Jim Kaufman 112

MHC associated resistance 113

Structure and function of the MHC 114

Mechanism of MHC-determined resistance to MD 117

Non-MHC associated resistance 118

Differences in viral replication between lines 6 and 7 118

Phenotypic comparisons 119

Investigation of candidate genes 120

Genomic mapping approaches 120

10 Immunity to Marek's disease / Fred Davison, Pete Kaiser 126

MDV entry via the lungs 127

Role of macrophages 128

Role of natural killer cells 129

Acquired immune responses to MDV 131

Role of antibodies 131

Role of cell-mediated immune responses 132

Cytokine responses during the cytolytic phase 134

The role of cytokines in the induction and maintenance of latency 135

Cytokine production by tumour cells 135

Role of the MDV-encoded CXC chemokine 136

Immunity to MDV induced by vaccination 137

11 Marek's disease immunosuppression / Karel A. Schat 142

Mechanisms of MD-induced immunosuppression 143

Immunosuppression caused by loss of lymphocytes 143

Immunosuppression caused by changes in the regulation of immune responses 146

Nitric oxide, a dual role 146

Cytokines 147

Down-regulation of lymphocyte surface molecules and other immuno-evasive mechanisms 147

Immunosuppression caused by tumour cells 148

Confounding factors in MDV-induced immunosuppression 149

Chicken infectious anaemia virus 149

Infectious bursal disease virus 150

Reticuloendotheliosis virus 150

Reovirus infection 150

Consequences of immunosuppression 151

12 Diagnosis of Marek's disease / Vladimir Zelnik 156

Diagnosis of MD under field conditions 157

Laboratory diagnosis of MD 159

Collection of infectious material for in vitro studies 159

Virus isolation and identification 160

Detection and characterization of MDV antigens and antibodies 161

Identification of MDV DNA 162

Differentiation of MDV serotypes, strains and isolates 163

13 Vaccination against Marek's disease / Michel Bublot, Jagdev Sharma 168

History of Marek's disease vaccine 168

Importance of vaccination 170

Licensing, manufacturing and administering current MD vaccines 171

In ovo vaccination 172

Vaccination problems and solutions 174

Attenuation of MDV and its effect on protection 176

Recombinant vaccines 179

14 Future strategies for controlling Marek's disease / Isabel M. Gimeno 186

Current MD situation and vaccination strategies 187

Future risk of increasing the incidence of MD 188

Current tools for MD control 189

Vaccination 189

Genetics 190

Biosecurity 191

Developing new strategies for control 191

Vaccine development 191

Development of transgenic chickens 193

What research is needed for the rational development of new strategies of control? 194.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [205]-206) and index.

ISBN:

0120883791

OCLC:

56927187