Title IX / Linda Jean Carpenter, R. Vivian Acosta.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Carpenter, Linda Jean, 1943-

Contributor:

Acosta, R. Vivian.

James Hosmer Penniman Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

United States. Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX.

United States.

College sports--Law and legislation.

Sex discrimination in sports--Law and legislation--United States.

Sex discrimination in sports.

Sex discrimination in sports--Law and legislation.

College sports--Law and legislation--United States.

College sports.

Physical Description:

ix, 270 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Other Title:

Title nine

Place of Publication:

Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, [2005]

Summary:

Title IX delivers a complete look at one of sport's critical gender equity issues. It goes beyond intercollegiate athletics to address Title IX in the context of sport, physical activity, recreation, intramurals, and physical education.

From its enactment in 1972, Title IX has been often oversimplified or misunderstood by both advocates and critics of the legislation. Knowledgeable in the legal issues of sport and experienced in the administration of sport and physical education programs, the authors of Title IX offer a balanced, comprehensive view of this issue, lending important insights into Title IX's requirements and application both now and when it was enacted.

Title IX, the law, prohibits any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance from discriminating on the basis of sex. Title IX, the text, helps to clarify the law in a three-part progression that is accurate and accessible. In part I, you will see Title IX's structure and requirements applied in different settings including physical education, intramurals and recreation, and athletics. Part II then provides a historical account of the social, legislative, and judicial environments in which Title IX has grown to maturity over the past three decades. Finally, part III examines Title IX in the 21st century, its impact on sport programs, and continuing debates.

Title IX will also help you gain a solid understanding of the law itself. You will examine the actual wording of the law and related interpretive materials. You'll review significant lawsuits as you explore how the legislation has been interpreted and judicially clarified over the years in changing social and political climates. You'll find further clarifying information in summaries and questions and answers at the end of each chapter. Six appendixes provide pertinent excerpts from Title IX regulations, policy interpretations, letters of clarification, and an annotated list of other print and online resources.

Whether you're looking for clarification of Title IX or for information on applying it in your programs, you'll find the information you need in Title IX.

Contents:

Part I Title IX and Its Applications

Chapter 1 The Law 3

The Regulations 5

Policy Interpretations 12

Investigator's Manual 15

Letters of Clarification 17

Lawsuits, Case Law, Letters of Findings 19

Avenues of Enforcement 21

Nineteen Questions and Nineteen Answers 27

Chapter 2 The Law As Applied to Physical Education 35

The Regulations 35

The Continuing Coeducation Versus Single-Sex Debate 46

Seven Questions and Seven Answers 47

Chapter 3 The Law As Applied to Intramural, Club, and Recreation Sport Activities 51

Jurisdictional Considerations 52

The Jurisdictional Debate 54

Programmatic Considerations 57

Seven Questions and Seven Answers 60

Chapter 4 The Law As Applied to Athletics 65

Financial Aid 66

Participation 72

Thirteen Program Areas 78

Thirteen Questions and Thirteen Answers 84

Part II Title IX in Society and in the Courts (Social, Legislative, and Judicial History of Title IX)

Chapter 5 Title IX in Social and Legislative Context 93

Building a Framework 94

Early Athletes 96

Roles of Women in Flux 97

Birth of the AIAW 102

In a Nutshell: AIAW Versus NCAA 107

Who Holds the Reins on Campus? 108

Thirteen Questions and Zero Answers 110

Chapter 6 Title IX in the Courts, 1972 to 1992 115

Case Law 116

Legislation: Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 (1988) 125

Settlements and Consent Orders 126

Four Questions and Four Answers 128

Chapter 7 Title IX in the Courts After Franklin v Gwinnett, 1992 to 2004 133

Cases Concerning Enforcement and "Suitable Plaintiffs" 133

Cases Concerning Termination of Men's Teams 147

Cases Specifically Concerning Sexual Harassment 149

A Case of Special Interest: Mercer v Duke University (2002) 153

Settlements 154

Ten Questions and Ten Answers 157

Part III Title IX in the 21st Century

Chapter 8 Numbers: Effects of Title IX 165

Benefits of Sport Participation for Females 165

Participation 168

Leadership 173

Money, Money, Money 176

Then and Now: An Overview 178

Three Questions and Zero Answers 180

Chapter 9 Issues and Cases in Transit 183

Title IX and the 11th Amendment 183

The "Wrestlers" Lawsuit 185

The Commission 188

Three Questions and Three Answers 197

Appendix A Title IX Regulations 203

Appendix B Policy Interpretation: Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics 213

Appendix C 1996 Clarification Letter 227

Appendix D 1998 Clarification Letter (Guidance on Financial Aid) 239

Appendix E Further Clarification Letter of 2003 245

Appendix F Tools for Finding Help and Perspective 249.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 259-263) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the James Hosmer Penniman Book Fund.

ISBN:

0736042393

OCLC:

55085735