A grammar of Wambule : grammar, lexicon, texts, and cultural survey of a Kiranti tribe of eastern Nepal / by Jean Robert Opgenort.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Opgenort, Jean Robert.

Series:

Brill's Tibetan studies library 1568-6183 ; v. 5/2.

Brill's Tibetan studies library, 1568-6183 ; v. 5/2

Language:

English

Sino-Tibetan (Other)

Subjects (All):

Wambule language--Grammar.

Wambule language.

Wambule language--Dictionaries--English.

English language--Dictionaries--Chaurasya.

English language.

Wambule language--Texts.

Kiranti (Asian people)--Social life and customs.

Kiranti (Asian people).

Grammar.

Genre:

Texts.

Dictionaries.

Physical Description:

xxix, 900 pages, 16 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations, maps ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2004.

Language Note:

In English and Chaurasya (also romanized); includes translations from Chaurasya.

Summary:

An exhaustive reference work for Wambule/Tibeto-Burman linguistics, language typology, linguistic theory and Wambule society and culture, and as such indispensable for any linguistic and anthropological library.

Contents:

Chapter 1 The Wambule 1

1.1 Ethnolinguistic relatives 1

1.2 Chaurasia 2

1.2.1 The Wambule dialect group 5

1.2.2 The Jero dialect group 8

1.3 The mythological past 8

1.4 The historical past 11

1.5 Clans 13

1.6 General and sectarian religious beliefs 15

1.6.1 The Jagat 16

1.6.2 The Santa-Bhes sect 35

1.6.3 The Hwam sect 41

1.7 Some patterns of linguistic, ethnic and religious interaction 43

1.8 The life cycle and its rites 44

1.8.1 Birth 44

1.8.2 Naming a child 45

1.8.3 Giving a child its first solid food 46

1.8.4 Cutting a boy's hair and giving a girl her first skirt and bodice 47

1.8.5 Marriage 48

1.8.6 Death 50

Chapter 2 Phonology 55

2.1 Vowels 56

2.1.1 Phonemic length 56

2.1.2 Neutralisation of phonemic length 64

2.1.3 Diphthongs 71

2.2 Consonants 73

2.2.1 Plosive stops and affricates 74

2.2.2 Implosive stops and the glottal stop 79

2.2.3 Nasals 82

2.2.4 Fricatives, trills and laterals 84

2.2.5 Approximants and the status of the sequences /ya/ and /wa/ 85

2.2.6 Initial consonant clusters 90

2.2.7 Geminate consonants and sequences of homorganic plosives 92

2.3 The orthography and the transcription of loans 93

Chapter 3 Morphophonology 97

3.1 Morphophonemic and phonemic vowel length 97

3.2 Bound morphemes 100

3.2.1 Lexical affixes 101

3.2.2 Phrasal affixes 103

3.2.3 Clitics 106

3.3 Full and abbreviated morphs 108

3.4 The morphophoneme [left angle bracket]y[right angle bracket] and vowel sequences 110

3.5 Final consonants of verb roots 111

3.5.1 Deletion of post-final [left angle bracket]t[right angle bracket] 111

3.5.2 Retention of post-final [left angle bracket]t[right angle bracket] 112

3.5.3 Assimilation and deletion of final [left angle bracket]t[right angle bracket] 113

3.5.4 Recurrent grammatically conditioned rules 113

3.5.5 Assimilation of final [left angle bracket]n[right angle bracket] 116

3.5.6 The velar alternation 116

3.6 Plosion of suffix-initial nasals 117

3.7 Rules for transcribing texts 120

Chapter 4 Nominal Categories 121

4.1 Grammatical characteristics of nouns and nominals 121

4.2 Noun classifying suffixes 127

4.2.1 Person suffixes 127

4.2.2 The implement suffix 129

4.2.3 The suffix 'grain' 129

4.2.4 The suffix 'water' 130

4.2.5 The suffix 'tree, wood' 130

4.2.6 The suffix 'fruit' 131

4.2.7 The suffix 'small object' 131

4.2.8 The suffix 'flesh, meat' 132

4.2.9 The suffix 'bird' 132

4.3 Gender suffixes 132

4.4 Number 138

4.5 Grammatical roles 142

4.6 Case markers 145

4.6.1 The unmarked form 145

4.6.2 The source marker 149

4.6.3 The directive marker 152

4.6.4 The locative marker 153

4.6.5 The comitative marker 155

4.6.6 The ablative marker 160

4.6.7 Genitive markers 161

4.6.8 Similaritive markers 166

4.7 Postpositions 167

4.7.1 The postposition 'without' 168

4.7.2 The sociative postposition 169

4.7.3 The postposition 'in front of, before' 171

4.7.4 The postposition 'behind, after' 172

4.7.5 The postposition 'in the middle of' 175

4.7.6 The postposition 'above, on top of' 176

4.7.7 Postpositions of location 177

4.7.8 Postpositions of altitude 180

4.7.9 The postposition 'beside' 182

4.7.10 The postposition 'inside' 183

4.7.11 The postposition 'next to' 184

4.7.12 The postposition 'near' 185

4.7.13 The postposition of direction 186

4.7.14 The postposition 'in front of' 187

4.7.15 The postposition 'as far as' 187

4.7.16 The postposition 'throughout' 187

4.7.17 The postposition 'together with' 188

4.7.18 The postposition 'against' 189

4.7.19 The postposition 'besides' 189

4.7.20 The postposition 'than' 190

4.7.21 The postposition 'for the sake of' 191

4.7.22 The patient postposition 192

4.7.23 The postposition 'concerning' 193

4.8 Discourse markers 194

4.8.1 The marker 'also' 194

4.8.2 The marker 'exactly' 195

4.8.3 The marker 'on the contrary' 196

4.8.4 The marker 'only' 197

4.8.5 The theme marker 198

4.8.6 The contrastive topic marker 199

Chapter 5 Nominals and Adverbials 201

5.1 Personal pronouns 201

5.2 Possessive pronouns 204

5.3 Demonstratives 208

5.3.1 Demonstrative pronouns 208

5.3.2 Locative adverbs of place 213

5.3.3 Locative adverbs of direction 215

5.3.4 Demonstrative adverbs of manner 216

5.4 Indefinite and interrogative words 217

5.5 Adjectives 224

5.6 Numerals 230

5.7 Numeral classifiers 231

5.8 Quantifiers and intensifiers 233

5.9 Nouns and adverbs of time 238

5.10 Adverbial proclitics of manner 243

5.11 Nominalisation and reification 244

5.12 Emphatic forms 246

Chapter 6 Conjugations and Morphology of Simplicia 249

6.1 The negative prefix 249

6.2 Transitivity 250

6.3 Conjugations and verb classes 253

6.3.1 Intransitive and middle conjugations 260

6.3.2 Transitive conjugations 264

6.4 Morphology of simplicia 274

6.4.1 Morphophonology of the verb root in simplicia 274

6.4.2 Simplex person and number agreement morphemes 277

6.4.2.1 The second and third person singular morpheme 281

6.4.2.2 The first person plural exclusive agent and subject morpheme 282

6.4.2.3 The dual morpheme 282

6.4.2.4 The first person dual exclusive agent and subject morpheme 284

6.4.2.5 The 1pi to 3 morpheme 285

6.4.2.6 The first person non-singular patient and subject morpheme 287

6.4.2.7 The first person non-singular exclusive AS morpheme 288

6.4.2.8 The 3/ns morpheme 289

6.4.2.9 The 3 to 3p morpheme 292

6.4.2.10 The 3s to 2s morpheme 293

6.4.2.11 The 1s to 2 morpheme 294

6.4.2.12 The second person plural morpheme 295

6.4.2.13 The second person singular morpheme 296

6.4.2.14 The dual subject morpheme 297

6.4.2.15 The 3s to 1s morpheme 298

6.4.2.16 The 2 to 1s morpheme 299

6.4.2.17 The first person singular morpheme 300

6.4.2.18 The third person non-plural agent morpheme 304

6.4.2.19 The middle marker 305

6.4.3 Differences between the Hilepane and Wamdyal dialects 307

6.4.4 Proto-morphemes 309

Chapter 7 Finite Verb Forms 313

7.1 The factual verbal adjective 313

7.2 The affirmative 323

7.3 The indefinitive 328

7.4 The simplex verb 333

7.5 The optative 334

7.6 The volitional 335

7.7 The imperative 337

7.7.1 Morphophonology of the verb root in the imperative 337

7.7.2 Imperative person and number agreement morphemes 338

7.7.2.1 The second and third person dual morpheme 341

7.7.2.2 The imperative morpheme 341

7.7.2.3 The s to 3ns morpheme 344

7.7.2.4 The second and third person plural morpheme 344

7.7.2.5 The negative imperative singular agent and subject morpheme 345

7.7.2.6 The first person singular patient morpheme 347

7.7.2.7 The dual subject morpheme 347

7.7.2.8 The imperative first person exclusive patient morpheme 348

7.7.2.9 The singular agent and subject morpheme 350

7.7.3 The detransitivising morpheme 351

7.7.4 Weakening the command 352

7.7.5 Strengthening the command 353

7.8 The particle of hearsay 354

Chapter 8 Non-Finite Deverbatives 357

8.1 Verbal nouns 357

8.1.1 The infinitive and the nomen actionis 357

8.1.2 The supine 360

8.1.3 The nominaliser of loan verbs 361

8.2 Verbal adjectives 362

8.2.1 The active verbal adjective 363

8.2.2 The passive verbal adjective 368

8.2.3 The verbal adjective of purpose 372

8.2.4 The attributive verbal adjective 378

8.2.5 The stative verbal adjective 379

Chapter 9 Gerunds and Complex Sentences 381

9.1 Gerunds 381

9.1.1 Perfect gerunds 381

9.1.2 Present gerunds 393

9.1.3 The conditional gerund and the irrealis 395

9.1.4 The simultaneous gerund 400

9.1.5 The similaritive gerund 402

9.1.6 The negative state gerund 403

9.1.7 The connective

gerund 404

9.1.8 The gerund of manner 406

9.1.9 The gerund of circumvagant motion 407

9.2 Conjunctive particles 408

Chapter 10 Verbal Constructions and Complex Verbs 411

10.1 Auxiliaries 411

10.1.1 Inceptive auxiliaries 414

10.1.2 The ingressive auxiliary 415

10.1.3 The continuous auxiliary 415

10.1.4 The terminative auxiliary 417

10.1.5 Egressive auxiliaries 418

10.1.6 Exhaustive auxiliaries 419

10.1.7 The auxiliary of dispatching 420

10.1.8 The ponent auxiliary 421

10.1.9 The auxiliary of capacity 422

10.1.10 The auxiliary of ability 422

10.1.11 The auxiliary of possibility 423

10.1.12 The periphrastic auxiliary 'to want' 423

10.1.13 The auxiliary 'to like' 424

10.1.14 The auxiliary 'to give' 424

10.1.15 The auxiliary 'to agree' 426

10.1.16 The auxiliary 'to be sufficient' 426

10.1.17 The explorative auxiliary 427

10.1.18 The auxiliary 'to learn' 427

10.1.19 The provocative auxiliary 428

10.1.20 The performative auxiliary 429

10.1.21 The causative auxiliary 430

10.1.22 The auxiliary of reciprocity 430

10.2 Loan particles of necessity 431

10.3 Complex verbs 433

10.3.1 Motionalisers 433

10.3.2 The bound root 'leave' 441

Appendix 1 Texts 443

1.1 The horse thrower 443

1.2 The Magar 446

1.3 The glutton 448

1.4 The major 450

1.5 My maternal grandfather Agendar 456

1.6 In search of bandits 459

1.7 Grandson of the price 467

1.8 Rain had not fallen for twelve rainy seasons 473

1.9 Muddy Water 475

1.10 If somebody dies 477

1.11 Religious duties 482

1.12 When making rice beer 485

1.13 Bulldozer 486

1.14 To become a poor person 487

1.15 Eggs 489

1.16 The negotiators' swamdi 490

Appendix 2 Wambule-English Lexicon 543

Appendix 3 English-Wambule Lexicon 753

Appendix 4 Affirmative and Imperative Paradigms 861

Appendix 5 The 'Chouras'ya' Materials 885.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [895]-900) and index.

ISBN:

9004138315

OCLC:

54392055