Shame & endurance : the untold story of the Chiricahua Apache prisoners of war / H. Henrietta Stockel.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Stockel, H. Henrietta, 1938-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chiricahua Indians--Wars.

Chiricahua Indians.

Chiricahua Indians--Relocation.

Chiricahua Indians--Government policy.

Chiricahua children--Relocation.

Chiricahua children.

Fort Sill Boarding School--History.

Fort Sill Boarding School.

History.

Indians, Treatment of--Oklahoma--Fort Sill.

Indians, Treatment of.

Indians, Treatment of--Florida--Fort Pickens.

United States--Politics and government--19th century.

United States.

Politics and government.

United States--Race relations.

Race relations.

Florida--Fort Pickens.

Oklahoma--Fort Sill.

Physical Description:

xii, 193 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Other Title:

Shame and endurance

Place of Publication:

Tucson : University of Arizona Press, [2004]

Summary:

The Chiricahua Apaches fought valiantly as well as violently for many years to preserve their way of life in the face of Anglo encroachment on their lands. When Geronimo and his followers surrendered on September 4, 1886 -- their only alternative to certain annihilation -- it marked the end of the Apache wars but the beginning of a sorrowful period for this proud people. Many readers may be familiar with the wartime exploits of the Apaches; this book relates the untold story of their postwar fate. It tells of the Chiricahua Apaches' 27 years of imprisonment as recorded in American dispatches, reports, and news items: documents that disclose the confusion, contradictions, and raw emotions expressed by government and military officials regarding the Apaches while revealing the shameful circumstances in which these prisoners of war were held.

First removed from Arizona to Florida, the prisoners were eventually relocated to Mount Vernon Barracks in Alabama, where, in the words of one Apache, "We didn't know what misery was until they dumped us in those swamps." Pulmonary disease took its toll -- by 1894, disease had killed nearly half of the Apaches -- and after years of pressure from Indian rights activists and bureaucratic haggling, Fort Sill in Oklahoma was chosen as a more healthful location. Here they were given the opportunity to farm and here Geronimo, who eventually converted to Christianity, died of pneumonia in 1909 at the age of 89, still a prisoner of war. In the meantime, many Apache children had been removed to Carlisle, Pennsylvania, for education -- despite earlier promises that families would not be split up -- and most eventually lost their cultural identity.

Henrietta Stockel has combed public records to reconstruct this story of American shame and Native endurance. Unabashedly speaking on behalf of the Apaches, she has framed these documents within a readable narrative to show how exasperated public officials, eager to openly demonstrate their superiority over "savages" who had successfully challenged the American military for years, had little sympathy for the consequences of their confinement. Many of the medical reports and news items have never before been compiled in one volume, and readers will find their collective impact sometimes surprising, often shocking. Although the Chiricahua Apaches were not alone in losing their ancestral homelands, they were the only American Indians imprisoned for so long a time in an environment that continually exposed them to illnesses against which they had no immunity, devastating families even more than warfare. Shame and Endurance records events that ought never to be repeated -- and tells a story that should never be forgotten.

Contents:

Introduction : a broad overview

Fort Marion

Fort Pickens

Educating the children

Mount Vernon

Fort Sill

Starting over.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 179-184) and index.

ISBN:

0816524149

OCLC:

54279948