Biological imaging and sensing / T. Furukawa (ed.)

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Furukawa, Toshiyuki, 1931-

Series:

Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering 1618-7210

Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering, 1618-7210

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Imaging systems in medicine.

Imaging systems in biology.

Physical Description:

xv, 298 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; New York : Springer, 2004.

Summary:

This book provides an excellent survey of and introduction to new methods of biological imaging and sensing. The main topics discussed include: cell imaging, multiphoton microscopy for biomedical studies, molecular imaging, infrared imaging, biomedical magnetic imaging and microscopy with laser-trapped particles. The book also deals with nanosurgery with light, the effects of ultrasound on tissue, diagnostics, near- and far-infrared transmission of biomedical information, and cell sensors. This book will be a valuable resource for both medical doctors and biophysicists.

Contents:

1 Biological Imaging and Sensing from Basic Techniques to Clinical Application / S. Kawata, O. Nakamura, T. Kaneko, M. Hashimoto, K. Goto, N.I. Smith, T. Sugiura, I. Fujimasa, H. Matsumoto 1

1.1 Introduction: A General View of the Electromagnetic Waves That Pass through the Living Body 1

1.2 Imaging Cells through a Multi-Photon Process 2

1.2.1 Nonlinear Optics in Cells 2

1.2.2 The Imaging Property of Multi-Photon Microscopy 3

1.2.3 Instrumentation 5

1.2.4 Calcium Ion Dynamics Revealed by Multi-Photon Microscopy 6

1.3 Nonstaining Molecular Imaging (CARS) 9

1.3.1 The Fundamentals of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering 10

1.3.2 3D Resolution by CARS Microscopy 11

1.3.3 High-Speed Image Acquisition 14

1.3.4 Molecular Imaging by CARS Microscopy 15

1.4 Transcutaneous Near-Infrared Light Power/Information Transmission for Implantable Medical Devices 19

1.4.1 Feasibility of Powering, Controlling, and Monitoring Implantable Medical Devices Using Near-Infrared Light 19

1.4.2 Transcutaneous Power Transmission by Near-Infrared Light 21

1.4.3 Transcutaneous Information Transmission by Near-Infrared Light 23

1.5 Cell and Nanosurgical Operation with Light 25

1.5.1 Introduction and Interactions between Ultra-Short Pulses and Biological Materials 25

1.5.2 Laser-Induced Disruption in Biomaterials 28

1.5.3 Cell Nanosurgery by Focused Light 28

1.6 The Manipulation of Living Bodies by Light 29

1.6.1 Photon Pressure 30

1.6.2 Three-Dimensional Laser Trapping 31

1.6.3 Force Measurement 32

1.6.4 Microscopy with a Laser-Trapped Particle 35

1.7 Physiological Function Analysis of the Human Body and Organ-Using Far-Infrared Imaging 40

1.7.1 Static Analysis of Abnormal Temperature Distribution on the Skin [57] 40

1.7.2 Dynamic Analysis of Abnormal Temperature Distribution on the Skin [70] 46

1.7.3 Dynamic Analysis of the Surface Temperature of Internal Organs 49

1.7.4 Unsolved Problems 51

1.8 A New Technology for Detecting Coronary Artery Disease 52

1.8.1 Coronary Artery Disease 52

1.8.2 The Detection of Subclinical Coronary Stenosis 52

1.8.3 A Noninvasive Physiological Approach to the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease 53

1.8.4 The Rheological Basis 53

1.8.5 The Impossibility of Conventional Standard Phonocardiography Technology 55

1.8.6 The Theoretical Basis for the New Technology 56

1.8.7 The Principles of the New Laser Phonocardiography Technology 57

1.8.8 The New Laser Phonocardiography Technology Design 58

1.8.9 The Details of the Prototype Device 59

1.8.10 Data Acquisition of the Vibratory Signal of the Anterior Chest Wall 62

1.8.11 Signal Processing 62

1.8.12 The Future of the New Laser Phonocardiography Technology 64

2 Imaging of Tissue/Organs with Ultrasound / M. Hori, T. Masuyama, K. Baba, O. Ohshiro, K. Ishihara, H. Kondo 69

2.1 Ultrasonic Biological Measurement (Ultrasonography) 69

2.1.1 The Principle of Ultrasonography 69

2.1.2 The Doppler Technique 71

2.1.3 Recent Advances in Ultrasound Imaging 72

2.1.4 The Ultrasonic Characterization of Myocardial Tissue 74

2.2 Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging of the Fetus 76

2.2.1 Conventional Ultrasound Imaging of the Fetus 76

2.2.2 The Development of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound 79

2.2.3 Clinical Applications of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Obstetrics 81

2.2.4 The Advantages and Limitations of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound 82

2.2.5 The Future Development of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound 83

2.3 Imaging by a Spherical Ultrasound Wave 84

2.3.1 An Instantaneous Imaging Method 85

2.3.2 Laser-Induced Breakdown 86

2.3.3 Ultrasound Generated by Laser-Induced Breakdown 87

2.3.4 Imaging Using Laser-Induced Breakdown 89

2.4 Imaging Tissues Using an Ultrasound Wave and Light 93

2.4.1 An Ultrasound Wave and Light for Tissues 93

2.4.2 Ultrasound-Assisted Optical Imaging 94

2.4.3 The Experimental Setup 94

2.4.4 An Experiment for Weak-Scattering Samples 97

2.4.5 An Experiment in a Strongly Scattering Medium 100

2.5 An Ultrasonic Drug Delivery System Using Microcapsules 102

2.5.1 The Requirement for a Drug Delivery System 102

2.5.2 The Acoustic Characteristics of Microcapsules as Drug Carriers 103

2.5.3 A Noninvasive Measurement System for DDS 104

2.5.4 Collapse Monitoring of Microcapsules 105

2.6 The Biological Effects of Ultrasound 107

2.6.1 The Utilization of Ultrasound Energy for Therapeutics 108

2.6.2 The Biological Effects of Diagnostic Ultrasound 108

2.6.3 The Effect of Ultrasound on the Cell Membrane 109

2.6.4 Ultrasound for Gene Therapy 110

2.6.5 Direct Effects on Cell Components 111

2.6.6 The Stress-Induced Cellular Response 111

2.6.7 Potential Applications of Low-Power Ultrasound 113

3 The Imaging of a Magnetic Source / H. Kado, H. Ogata, Y. Haruta, M. Higuchi, M. Shimogawara, J. Kawai, Y. Adachi, C. Bertrand, G. Uehara 117

3.1 The Principle of Magnetic Field Measurement 117

3.1.1 The Magnetic Field 117

3.1.2 The Magnetic Dipole 118

3.1.3 Magnetic Flux 119

3.1.4 The Electromagnetic Coil 119

3.1.5 The Current Dipole 120

3.1.6 Time-Varying Magnetic Fields 120

3.1.7 The Search Coil Magnetometer 121

3.1.8 The Proton Magnetometer and Other Magnetometers 122

3.1.9 Magnetic Source Analysis 124

3.2 A High-Sensitivity Magnetic Field Sensor 125

3.2.1 The SQUID 125

3.2.2 A System for Biomagnetic Measurement 137

3.3 Magnetic Source Analysis 149

3.3.1 The Forward Problem 149

3.3.2 The Inverse Problem 154

3.3.3 Visualization 170

3.4 Biomagnetic Measurement 177

3.4.1 Magnetoencephalography 177

3.4.2 Other Biomagnetic Measurements 192

3.5 Other Applications of Magnetic Source Imaging 194

3.5.1 Field Observation 195

4 Bioanalyses Using Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Methods / E. Tamiya, K. Mabuchi, K. Yokoyama, Y. Murakami, M. Kobayashi, M. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, M. Kunimoto 205

4.2 The Electrochemical DNA Chip Sensor 209

4.2.2 The Multiplexed Electrochemical DNA Sensor 209

4.2.3 The Microfluidic PCR Chamber and the Electrochemical Detector 214

4.3 Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Biosensors 219

4.3.2 Biosensors Based on Redox Active Polymers 220

4.3.3 Glucose Sensors on the Market 225

4.4 Cell and Tissue Monitoring and Their Applications: The Whole Cell Sensor 231

4.4.1 Overview of Cell-Based Sensor 231

4.4.2 The Surface PhotoVoltage (SPV) and Its Application 232

4.5 Neural Network, Neural, or Brain Analyses: Measurements of Neural Activity and Their Application for Analyses of the Neural Network System in the Living Body 239

4.5.1 Ultra-Microglutamate Sensors for Brain Analyses 239

4.6 The Application of Micromachining Techniques to Chemical Sensors, Biosensors, and Microanalysis Systems 242

4.6.2 Basic Technologies 242

4.6.3 Microsensors for Dissolved Gases and Electrolytes 243

4.6.4 Microfabricated Biosensors 247

4.6.5 The Integration of Sensors and Micro-Electrochemical Systems 248

4.7 Microneurography: Measurements and Stimulation of a Single Peripheral Nerve Fiber 250

4.7.2 The History of Microneurography 250

4.7.3 The Technique of Microneurography 251

4.7.4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Microneurography 255

4.8 A Microelectrode for the Neural Interface 257

4.8.2 The Nerve Electrode (Handmade) 258

4.8.3 A Microelectrode for the Neural Interface 260

4.9 Regulation: On-Line Measurements of Humoral and Neural Information from the Living Body and Their Application for the Control of Artificial Organs and Limbs 263

4.9.1 The Control of Artificial Hearts Using Humoral Information 263

4.9.2 Control of Artificial Hearts Using Autonomic Nervous Signals 270

4.9.3 The Control of Somatic Sensations and the Generation of Artificial Sensations by Direct Stimulation of the Neural System 275

4.9.4 Control of the Motor Function of Artificial Limbs (by Neural Signals) 286.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

354043898X

OCLC:

50479266