Breastfeeding and human lactation / [edited by] Jan Riordan.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Riordan, Jan.

Series:

Jones and Bartlett series in breastfeeding/human lactation

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Breastfeeding.

Lactation.

Breast Feeding.

Infant Nutrition.

Milk, Human.

Medical Subjects:

Breast Feeding.

Infant Nutrition.

Lactation.

Milk, Human.

Physical Description:

xxv, 819 pages, 8 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Sudbury, Mass. ; London : Jones and Bartlett, [2005]

Summary:

New knowledge and awareness has changed the field of lactation and thus prompted the extensive revision and updating of this classic text. Recognized as the leading reference on the subject, Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, Third Edition, provides the clinical topics and problem-solving guidance that lactation consultants and other women's health professionals need in professional practice or in preparation for taking the IBLCE examination.

Contents:

Section 1 Historical and Work Perspectives

Chapter 1 Tides in Breastfeeding Practice 3

Evidence About Breastfeeding Practices 3

The Biological Norm in Infant Feeding 5

The Replacement of Maternal Breastfeeding 5

Technological Innovations in Infant Feeding 8

The Prevalence of Breastfeeding 12

The Cost of Not Breastfeeding 15

The Promotion of Breastfeeding 18

Chapter 2 Work Strategies and the Lactation Consultant 31

History 31

Do Lactation Consultants Make a Difference? 32

Certification 32

Getting a Job as a Lactation Consultant 35

LC Education 37

Lactation Programs 38

Developing a Lactation Program 41

The Unique Characteristics of Counseling Breastfeeding Women 44

Roles and Responsibilities 45

Legal and Ethical Considerations 51

Reimbursement 53

Private Practice 57

Section 2 Anatomical and Biological Imperatives

Chapter 3 Anatomy and Physiology of Lactation 67

Mammogenesis 67

Breast Structure 69

Variations 72

Pregnancy 72

Lactogenesis 73

Hormonal Influences 74

Milk Production 79

Autocrine Versus Endocrine 79

Galactopoiesis 80

Galactorrhea 80

Clinical Implications: Mother 80

Newborn Oral Development 83

Suckling 85

Breathing and Suckling 87

Frequency of Feedings 89

Chapter 4 The Biological Specificity of Breastmilk 97

Milk Synthesis and Maturational Changes 98

Energy, Volume, and Growth 98

Nutritional Values 103

Anti-infective Properties 111

Chronic Disease Protection 115

The Immune System 117

Bioactive Components 122

Implications for Clinical Practice 124

Appendix 4-A Composition of Human Colostrum and Mature Breastmilk 136

Chapter 5 Drug Therapy and Breastfeeding 137

The Alveolar Subunit 138

Drug Transfer into Human Milk 139

Calculating Infant Exposure 143

Minimizing the Risk 146

Effect of Medications on Milk Production 146

Review of Selected Drug Classes 149

Drugs of Abuse 158

Radioisotopes 159

Radiocontrast Agents 159

Chapter 6 Viruses and Breastfeeding 167

HIV and Infant Feeding 167

Exclusive Breastfeeding 168

What We Know 168

Health-Care Practitioners 171

Herpes Simplex Virus 172

Chickenpox/Varicella 173

Cytomegalovirus 175

Rubella 176

Hepatitis B 176

Hepatitis C 176

Human Lymphotropic Virus 177

West Nile Virus 177

Implications for Practice 178

Section 3 Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Periods

Chapter 7 Perinatal and Intrapartum Care 185

Breastfeeding Preparation 185

Early Feedings 186

Feeding Positions 191

The Infant Who Has Not Latched-On 192

The 34 to 38 "Weeker" 197

Feeding Methods 198

Nipple Shields 200

Hypoglycemia 201

Cesarean Births 204

Breast Engorgement 205

Breast Edema 206

Hand Expression 207

Clinical Implications 209

Chapter 8 Postpartum Care 217

Hydration and Nutrition in the Neonate 217

Nipple Pain 221

Engorgement + Milk Stasis = Involution 228

Breast Massage 228

Clothing, Leaking, Bras, and Breast Pads 228

Infant Concerns 230

Multiple Infants 236

Breastfeeding During Pregnancy 240

Clinical Implications 241

Chapter 9 Breast-Related Problems 247

Nipple Variations 247

Plugged Ducts 248

Mastitis 250

Breast Abscess 254

Breast and Nipple Rashes, Lesions, and Eczema 254

Candidiasis (Thrush) 255

Breast Pain 260

Vasospasm 260

Milk Blister 261

Mammoplasty 261

Breast Lumps and Surgery 265

Bleeding from the Breast 267

Breast Cancer 268

Clinical Implications 270

Chapter 10 Low Intake in the Breastfed Infant: Maternal and Infant Considerations 277

Factors That Influence Maternal Milk Production 277

Normal Milk Intake and Rate of Gain 279

US Growth Curves 280

Low Intake and Low Milk Supply: Definitions and Incidence of Occurrence 282

Abnormal Patterns of Growth: The Baby Who Appears Healthy 286

Abnormal Patterns of Growth: The Baby with Obvious Illness 292

Maternal Considerations: The Mother Who Appears Healthy 293

Maternal Considerations: Obvious Illness 296

History, Physical Exam, and Differential Diagnosis 296

Clinical Management 297

Intervention 297

Special Techniques for Management of Low Intake or Low Supply 300

Chapter 11 Jaundice and the Breastfed Baby 311

Neonatal Jaundice 312

Assessment of Jaundice 313

Postnatal Pattern of Jaundice 314

Breastmilk Jaundice 314

Breast-Nonfeeding Jaundice 314

Bilirubin Encephalopathy 316

Evaluation of Jaundice 316

Management of Jaundice 318

Chapter 12 Breast Pumps and Other Technologies 323

Concerns of Mothers 323

Stimulating the Milk-Ejection Reflex 324

Hormonal Considerations 328

Pumps 330

A Comparison of Pumps 332

Simultaneous and/or Sequential Pumping 338

Flanges 338

Miscellaneous Pumps 342

Clinical Implications Regarding Breast Pumps 342

When Pumps Cause Problems 345

Sample Guidelines for Pumping 345

Common Pumping Problems 347

Nipple Shields 349

Breast Shells 354

Feeding-Tube Devices 355

Appendix 12-A Manufacturers/Distributors of Breast Pumps 365

Chapter 13 Breastfeeding the Preterm Infant 367

Suitability of Human Milk for Preterm Infants 367

Mothers of Preterm Infants 368

Rates of Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration 370

Research-Based Lactation Support Services 370

Models for Hospital-Based Lactation Support Services 371

Initiation of Mechanical Milk Expression 372

Maintaining Maternal Milk Volume 376

Evidence-Based Guidelines for Milk Collection, Storage, and Feeding 378

Special Issues Regarding the Feeding of EMM 380

Feeding at Breast in the NICU 384

Discharge Planning for Postdischarge Breastfeeding 396

Postdischarge Breastfeeding Management 398

Appendix 13-A The Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS) 407

Chapter 14 Donor Human Milk Banking 409

Defining Donor Milk Banking 409

A Brief History of Human Milk Banking 409

Donor Human Milk Banking Beyond North America 412

The Benefits of Banked Donor Human Milk 413

Clinical Uses 414

Current Practice 420

Policy Statements Supporting the Use of Banked Donor Human Milk 425

Appendix 14-A Storage and Handling of Expressed Human Milk 432

Section 4 Beyond Postpartum

Chapter 15 Maternal Nutrition During Lactation 437

Maternal Caloric Needs 438

Maternal Fluid Needs 439

Weight Loss 439

Calcium Needs and Bone Loss 441

Vegetarian Diets 442

Dietary Supplements 442

Foods That Pass Into Milk 443

Allergens in Breastmilk 443

The Goal of the Maternal Diet During Lactation 444

Nutrition Basics 446

Macronutrients 447

Micronutrients 448

Clinical Implications 449

Chapter 16 Women's Health and Breastfeeding 459

Alterations in Endocrine and Metabolic Functioning 459

Acute Illness and Infections 463

Maternal Immunizations 465

Surgery 465

Donating Blood 466

Relactation 467

Induced Lactation 467

Autoimmune Diseases 470

Physically Challenged Mothers 472

Headaches 475

Postpartum Depression 476

Asthma 480

Smoking 480

Poison Ivy Dermatitis 481

Diagnostic Studies Using Radioisotopes 481

The Impact of Maternal Illness and Hospitalization 482

Chapter 17 Maternal Employment and Breastfeeding 487

Why Women Work 487

Historical Perspective 488

The Effect of Work on Breastfeeding 488

Strategies to Manage Breastfeeding and Work 489

Community Strategies 501

National and International Strategies 501

Clinical Implications 503

Chapter 18 Child Health 509

Developmental Outcomes and Infant Feeding 509

Growth and Development 511

Theories of Development 514

Social Development 517

Clinical Implications 525

Immunizations 525

Vitamin D and Rickets 527

Dental Health and Orofacial Development 527

Solid Foods 528

Obesity 532

Co-Sleeping 532

Long-Term Breastfeeding 533

Weaning 533

Implications for Practice 534

Chapter

19 The Ill Child: Breastfeeding Implications 541

Team Care for the Child with Feeding Difficulties 541

Feeding Behaviors of the Ill Infant/Child 541

What to Do If Weight Gain Is Inadequate 544

Care of the Hospitalized Breastfeeding Infant/Child 548

Perioperative Care of the Breastfeeding Infant/Child 551

Emergency Room 552

Care of Children with Selected Conditions 552

Alterations in Neurological Functioning 557

Congenital Heart Disease 561

Oral/Facial Anomalies 563

Gastrointestinal Anomalies and Disorders 568

Metabolic Dysfunction 571

Allergies 576

Food Intolerance 579

Psychosocial Concerns 579

The Empty Cradle... When a Child Dies 582

Chapter 20 Infant Assessment 591

Perinatal History 591

Gestational Age Assessment 591

Indicators of Effective Breastfeeding and Assessment Scales 598

Physical Assessment 600

Behavioral Assessment 611

Appendix 20-A Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT) 618

Appendix 20-B LATCH Assessment Tool 618

Appendix 20-C Mother-Baby Assessment Scale 619

Appendix 20-D Via Christi Breastfeeding Assessment Tool 620

Chapter 21 Fertility, Sexuality, and Contraception During Lactation 621

Fertility 621

Sexuality 632

Contraception 639

Clinical Implications 645

Section 5 Sociocultural and Research Issues

Chapter 22 Research, Theory, and Lactation 655

Theories Related to Lactation Practice 655

Types of Research Methods 659

Elements of Research 663

Application of Methods to Qualitative Approaches 669

Application of Methods to Quantitative Approaches 671

Evaluating Research for Use in Practice 678

Using Research in Clinical Practice 680

Perspectives of Research Methodologies 680

Appendix 22-A Research Terms 687

Chapter 23 Breastfeeding Education 689

Educational Programs 689

Learning Principles 690

Adult Education 691

Curriculum Development 692

Parent Education 692

Prenatal Education 694

Early Breastfeeding Education 694

How Effective Is Breastfeeding Education? 697

Teaching Strategies 698

Small Group Dynamics 700

Multimedia Presentations 700

Educational Materials 702

Educational Needs and Early Discharge 706

Continuing Education 706

The Team Approach 708

Chapter 24 The Cultural Context of Breastfeeding 713

The Dominant Culture 714

Ethnocentrism Versus Relativism 714

Assessing Cultural Practices 715

Language Barriers 715

The Effects of Culture on Breastfeeding 716

Maternal Foods 722

Weaning 723

Implications for Practice 725

Chapter 25 Families 729

Family Forms and Functions 729

Family Theory 730

Social Factors that Influence Breastfeeding 731

Fathers 733

The Adolescent Mother 736

The Low-Income Family 737

The Downside of Family Experience 739

A. Clinical Competencies for IBCLC Practice 749

B. Code of Ethics 754

C. Summary of Eligibility Pathway Requirements to Become Certified by IBLCE 756

D. Prototype Lactation Consultant Job Description 758

E. Tables of Equivalencies and Methods of Conversion 761

F. Infant Weight Conversion Table 762

G. Breastfeeding Weight Loss Table 763

H. Patient History 764.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0763745855

OCLC:

53224823