Organic metal and metalloid species in the environment : analysis, distribution, processes and toxicological evaluation / Alfred V. Hirner, Hendrik Emons (eds.).

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Hirner, Alfred V., 1947-

Emons, Hendrik.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Organometallic compounds--Environmental aspects.

Organometallic compounds.

Environmental chemistry.

Physical Description:

328 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; New York : Springer, [2004]

Summary:

Subsequent to the profiling of organometal(loid) compounds in important biogeogenic and anthropogenic deposits, the importance of this class of compounds for human health are evaluated by the analysis of both physicochemical and biological formation, distribution and transformation processes. Multidisciplinary articles written by experts from disciplines as diverse as biogeochemistry, ecotoxicology, analytical chemistry, microbiology and genetics estimate the global levels of biogeogenic and anthropogenic emissions of organometal(loid) compounds, and thus obtain an insight to processes which influence the genesis, as well as the distribution and stability of organometal(loid) species and their interaction with each other and other matrix compounds. The authors evaluate various environmentally relevant sources from a toxicological point of view, in order to identify potential "hot spots" of organometal(loid)s, which can negatively influence ecosystems and human health.

Contents:

1 Organometallic compounds in the environment: An overview / P. J. Craig, R. O. Jenkins 1

Biomethylation 5

Arsenic 6

Antimony 8

Mercury 8

Microbial demethylation/dealkylation 11

2 Advances in analytical methods for speciation of trace elements in the environment / J. Szpunar, B. Bouyssiere, R. Lobinski 17

Organometall(oid) Species in the Environment 18

Hyphenated Techniques in Speciation Analysis 18

Advances in GC/ICP-MS 20

Advances in Gas Chromatography prior to ICP-MS 21

ICP-MS Detection in Gas Chromatography 22

GC/ICP-MS Studies Using Stable Isotopes 24

Advances in Sample Preparation 27

Multidimensional LC with ICP-MS Detection 29

The Coupling HPLC/ICP-MS 29

Electrospray Mass Spectrometry for the Species Identification 30

Multidimensional Analytical Strategy for the Identification of Organoarsenic Species in Marine Biota 34

3 Analytical strategies for arsenic speciation in environmental and biological samples / J. Feldmann, S. Devalla, A. Raab, H. R. Hansen 41

Arsenic species in the environment and in biological samples 41

Analytical strategies 45

Sample preparation 45

Separation methods 47

Identification 49

Quantification 51

Analytical aspects of selected arsenic speciation studies 52

Gas chromatography coupled to MS or ICP-MS 52

Liquid chromatography coupled to ESI-MS and ICP-MS 57

4 Occurrence and speciation of arsenic, antimony and tin in specimens used for environmental biomonitoring of limnic ecosystems / H. Emons, Z. Sebesvari, K. Falk, M. Krachler 71

Environmental biomonitoring 71

Occurrence of As, Sb and Sn in freshwater ecosystems 72

Arsenic 73

Antimony 74

Tin 75

Speciation analysis of As, Sb and Sn in limnic samples 76

Arsenic species 80

Antimony species 82

Tin species 84

Quality assurance 84

Speciation of As, Sb, Sn in limnic bioindicators

first results 86

Arsenic 86

Antimony 88

Tin 88

5 Methylated metal(loid) species in biological waste treatment / R.A. Diaz-Bone, B. Menzel, A. Barrenstein, A.V. Hirner 97

Biological waste treatment 98

Experimental 100

Derivatisation of ionic species 100

Sampling of gaseous species 102

Metal analysis 102

Set-up of garden composting experiments 103

Ionic organometal(loid) species in compost from waste treatment facilities 103

Metal(loid) species in different aged compost 105

Biomethylation in garden compost 108

6 Volatile mercury species in environmental gases and biological samples / J. Hippler, J. Kresimon, A. V. Hirner 113

Analytical methods 114

Instrumental techniques 114

Environmental samples 119

Biological samples 122

Validation of data 127

Dimethylmercury in environmental gases 129

Mercury species generated in metabolic processes 130

7 Biovolatilisation of metal(loid)s by microorganisms / K. Michalke, R. Hensel 137

Analytical setup for identifying and quantifying metal(loid)-organic derivatives 138

Volatile metal(loid) compounds in the environment 138

Towards an understanding of metal(loid) biotransformation processes 140

Direct monitoring of volatile metal(loid) derivatives in the environment 140

Monitoring of metal(loid) volatilisation by microbial populations enriched from original environments 142

Monitoring of metal(loid) volatilisation by isolated strains 147

8 The Effect of Phosphate on the Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Arsenic(V) by the Marine Alga Fucus gardneri / S. C. R. Granchinho, W. R. Cullen, E. Polishchuk, K. J. Reimer 155

Experimental 156

Reagents and Chemicals 156

Medium and Antibiotics 156

Fucus gardneri Samples 157

Sample Preparation and Analysis 157

9 Molecular modeling studies of specific interactions between organometallic compounds and DNA / R. Yonchev, H. Rehage, H. Kuhn 167

Extensible Systematic Force Field (ESFF) 168

Ligand aligning algorithm 172

10 Organometal(loid) compounds associated with human metabolism / A.V. Hirner, L. M. Hartmann, J. Hippler, J. Kresimon, J. Koesters, K. Michalke, M. Sulkowski, A. W. Rettenmeier 181

Experimental 183

Ingestion experiment 183

Gaseous samples 185

Saliva 186

Urine 187

Blood 192

Faeces 196

11 Genotoxicity of organometallic species / A.-M. Florea, E. Dopp, G. Obe, A.W. Rettenmeier 205

Human exposure to organometallic species 205

Genotoxicity of organometallic species 206

Genotoxic effects of organomercury compounds 206

Genotoxic effects of organoarsenic compounds 208

Genotoxic effects of organotin compounds 211

In vitro genotoxicity of different organometal(loid) compounds in CHO cells 214

12 Current aspects on the genotoxicity of arsenite and its methylated metabolites: Oxidative stress and interactions with the cellular response to DNA damage / A. Hartwig, T. Schwerdtle, I. Walter 221

Oxidative DNA damage 223

DNA repair systems and interactions by arsenite 225

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation as sensitive intracellular target for arsenite 226

13 Cytogenetic investigations in employees from waste industries / Helga Fender, Giesela Wolf 235

Materials and methods 236

Subjects 236

Smoking Status 237

Cytogenetic methods 238

14 Neurotoxicity of metals / G. Stoltenburg-Didinger 247

Mercury 248

Lead 251

15 Actions of metals on membrane channels, calcium homeostasis and synaptic plasticity / D. Busselberg 259

Relevance of metals 259

Lead 259

Aluminium 261

Zinc 262

Mercury 262

Interference of metals with cell functions 263

Metals on Membrane Channels 264

Other channels involved in lead toxicity 268

Metals and calcium homeostasis 269

Lead and aluminium actions on synaptic plasticity 269

Relevance of the data 270

16 Effects of organometal(loid) compounds on neuronal ion channels: possible sites for neurotoxicity / J. Gruner, K. Kruger, N. Binding, M. Madeja, U. Mubhoff 283

Toxicity of organometal(loid)s 283

Neurotoxic aspects of organometal(loid)s 283

Neurotoxicity of inorganic and organic arsenicals 285

Target structures of neurotoxicity 286

Function of ion channels in the nervous system 287

Prediction of neurotoxic potency of hazardous substances with an in vivo expression system: Xenopus laevis oocytes 288

The use of Xenopus laevis oocytes for electrophysiological studies of ion channels 288

Testing the Xenopus expression system for neurotoxicological investigations: Effects of lead on voltage- and transmitter-operated ion channels 291

Effects of arsenicals on transmitter-operated ion channels 293

Transmembraneous ion currents through the different glutamate-operated ion channels 293

Electrophysiological techniques 294

Reproducibility of the receptor-mediated ion currents (control experiments) 295

Application of the arsenicals 296

Effects of inorganic arsenite 297

Effects of monomethylarsonic acid (MeAsO(OH)[subscript 2]) 299

Effects of dimethylarsinic acid (Me[subscript 2]AsOOH) 301

Effects of arsenicals on voltage-operated potassium channels 303

Transmembraneous ion currents through different voltage-operated potassium channels 304

Electrophysiological techniques 304

Neuronal ion channels as targets for organic arsenicals 306

Perspectives and limitation of Xenopus occytes 307

Effects of arsenicals on glutamate-operated ion channels 307

Effects of arsenicals on voltage-operated potassium channels 309

Significance in arsenic poisoning 310

17 Panel discussion: Analytical aspects Discussion Session on "Speciation Analysis of Environmental Samples" / Convener: H. Emons 317

18 Panel discussion: Toxicological Aspects Discussion Session on "Toxicological Aspects of Alkylated Metal(loid) Species" / Convener: A. W. Rettenmeier 319.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

3540208291

OCLC:

54024148