Treating and preventing obesity / edited by J. Östman, M. Britton, E. Jonsson.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Östman, Jan.

Britton, M. (Mona)

Jonsson, Egon.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Obesity--Prevention.

Obesity.

Obesity--Treatment.

Obesity--prevention & control.

Obesity--therapy.

Medical Subjects:

Obesity--prevention & control.

Obesity--therapy.

Physical Description:

xvii, 355 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2004.

Summary:

"Treating and Preventing Obesity - An Evidence Based Review" provides a careful and thoughtful assessment of this disease and the options for its control and treatment. It started with the medical model where cure is the outcome. This valuable report provides a timely new analysis of a growing problem.

Contents:

Treating and Preventing Obesity A Systematic Review of the Evidence 1

Causes of Obesity 2

Health Risks of Obesity 3

Impact on Quality of Life 3

Economic Aspects 3

Report Design and Content 3

Preventive Interventions against Obesity 4

Preventing Obesity in Adults 5

Preventing Obesity in Children and Adolescents 5

Treating Obesity 6

Treating Obesity in Adults 6

Treating Obesity in Children and Adolescents 10

Quality of Life 10

Effect of Weight Loss on Obesity-related Diseases and Conditions 11

Cost Effectiveness of Different Treatment Methods 11

Conclusions by SBU 12

1.1 Obesity as a Health Problem in Adults 15

1.1.1 What is Obesity? 15

1.1.2 Prevalence of Obesity in Different Population Groups 17

1.1.3 Causes of Obesity 19

1.1.3.1 Energy Intake 20

1.1.3.2 Energy Utilization 21

1.1.3.3 Risk Factors for Obesity 22

1.1.3.4 Genetic Factors 22

1.1.4 Risks of Obesity 23

1.1.4.1 Mortality 23

1.1.4.2 Cardiovascular Disease 25

1.1.4.3 Diabetes mellitus (type 2) 25

1.1.4.4 Cancer 26

1.1.4.5 Gall Bladder and Liver Diseases 26

1.1.4.6 Musculoskeletal Diseases 27

1.1.4.7 Production of Sex Hormones 27

1.1.4.8 Diseases of the Respiratory Organs 27

1.1.4.9 Health-related Quality of Life 27

1.2 Obesity as a Health Problem in Children and Adolescents 34

1.2.3 Causes of Obesity 36

1.2.4 Morbidity and Obesity 37

1.2.5 Risk of Children becoming Overweight Adults 38

1.3 International Overview of Obesity Intervention Programs 42

1.3.1 Australia 42

1.3.2 France 43

1.3.3 Norway 43

1.3.4 New Zealand 44

1.3.5 Finland 45

1.3.6 Canada 45

1.3.7 Sweden 46

1.3.8 United States 46

1.4 Cost of Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases 47

1.4.1 Methods of Estimating the Cost to Society 47

1.4.2 Methods of Searching the Literature 47

1.4.3 Results 48

1.4.3.1 Studies Addressing Direct Costs of Obesity 48

1.4.3.2 Studies Concerning Other Economic Aspects 50

2 Systematic Literature Review

Methods 57

2.2 Literature Search 57

2.3 Literature Review and Quality Assessment 58

2.4 Reporting Facts and Conclusions 61

3 Preventing Obesity 63

3.1 Preventing Obesity in Adults 63

3.2 Preventing Obesity in Children and Adolescents 75

3.2.3 Interesting Observations that do not Meet the Minimum Criteria 86

4 Treating Obesity in Adults 93

4.1 Dietary Treatment 93

4.1.2 Special Methodological Problems in Studies of Weight Loss 95

4.1.4 Results and Discussion 97

4.1.4.1 General Dietary Counseling, Different Types of Programs 97

4.1.4.2 Energy (Calorie) Restriction 109

4.1.4.3 Meal Replacement 111

4.1.4.4 Fat Restriction, with or without Energy Limitations 112

4.1.4.5 Carbohydrate Type 113

4.1.4.6 Lactovegetarian Diet 114

4.1.4.7 Commercial Weight-Loss Programs 114

4.1.4.8 Other Aspects 115

4.2 Special Diets 120

4.2.1 Dietary Fiber 120

4.2.2 Low-Energy Diets 122

4.2.3 Fasting 128

4.2.3.2 Results 129

4.3 Behavior Therapy 131

4.4 Physical Exercise 139

4.4.2 Special Methodological Problems in Studies of Physical Exercise 139

4.5 Pharmacotherapy 149

4.5.2 Methodological Aspects of Drug Studies 150

4.5.3 Orlistat and Sibutramine 151

4.5.4 Other Drugs 152

4.5.6 Results 153

4.5.6.1 Orlistat 153

4.5.6.2 Sibutramine 158

4.5.6.3 Caffeine/Ephedrine 160

4.6 Surgery 162

4.6.3 Findings on Weight Reduction and Complications 165

4.6.3.1 Gastric Bypass (GBP) 165

4.6.3.2 Horizontal Gastroplasty (HGPL) 167

4.6.3.3 Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG) 168

4.6.3.4 Gastric Banding (GB) 176

4.6.3.5 Complications Following Stomach Procedures 178

4.6.3.6 Intestinal Bypass 178

4.6.3.7 Bileopancreatic Bypass (BPB) and Duodenal Switch (DS) 179

4.6.3.8 Laparoscopic or Open Surgery 180

4.6.4 Surgery Compared to Conservative Treatment and Effects on Risk Factors 181

4.6.5 The SOS Study 181

4.6.5.2 Weight Loss in the SOS Study 182

4.6.5.3 Surgical Complications in the SOS Study 182

4.6.5.4 Effects on Risk Factors in the SOS Study 183

4.6.5.5 Effects on the Cardiovascular System in the SOS Study 183

4.6.5.6 Quality of Life in SOS Before and After Weight Loss 184

4.6.5.7 Health Economics and SOS 185

4.6.6 Appendix: Glossary and Surgical Details 185

4.6.6.2 Description of Surgical Methods 190

4.6.6.3 Technical Considerations in Obesity Surgery 192

4.7 Alternative Medicine 201

4.7.3 Alternative Medicine Methods Used to Treat Obesity 202

4.7.4 Costs 204

4.7.6 Critical Review of Studies 205

4.7.8 Studies Fulfilling the Minimum Criteria 206

4.7.8.1 Acupuncture 207

4.7.8.2 Hypnosis 209

4.7.8.3 Other Studies 212

4.7.9 Overview of Recent Chinese Studies 216

4.8 Negative Effects of Weight Loss 220

4.9 Maintaining Weight Loss 223

5 Treating Obesity in Children and Adolescents 227

5.1 Dietary Intervention, Exercise, and Behavior Modification/Family Therapy 228

5.2 Long-Term Effects of Different Treatments 238

5.2.1 Observations that do not Meet the Minimum Criteria 239

5.2.3 Pharmacotherapy 242

5.2.4 Surgery 242

5.2.5 Very Low Calorie Diet (VLCD) 247

5.2.6 Other Types of Treatment 250

5.2.6.1 Residential 250

5.2.6.2 Weight Watcher Treatment in Children 250

5.2.6.3 Physical Exercise 250

5.2.6.4 Alternative Medicine 251

5.3 Effects of Treatment on Risk Factors and Mental Health 251

5.4 Side Effects of Treatment 252

5.5.1 Behavior Modification, Diet, and Exercise 255

5.5.2 Surgical Intervention 256

5.5.3 VLCD 256

6 Quality of Life 261

6.3.1 Quality of Life in Overweight and Obese People 263

6.3.2 Studies of Obese People who Seek Treatment 267

6.3.3 Comparisons with People having other Chronic Disease and Disability 268

6.3.4 Specific Psychosocial Problems in Obese Patients 271

6.3.5 Effects of Surgery on Quality of Life 272

6.3.6 Effects of Non-Surgical Treatment on Quality of Life 274

6.4 Appendix: Conclusions and Need for Research 276

6.4.1 Quality of Life and Obesity: Population Studies 276

6.4.2 Quality of Life and Obesity: Clinical Studies 276

6.4.3 Quality of Life after Surgery for Severe Obesity 276

6.4.4 Quality of Life after Nonsurgical Treatment for Obesity 277

6.4.5 Need for Further Research 277

7 Effects of Obesity Treatment on Diseases and Special Conditions 281

7.1 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) 281

7.1.3.1 Effects of Obesity Treatment on Type 2 Diabetes 282

7.1.3.2 Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 288

7.2 Hypertension 297

7.2.2.1 Effect of Obesity Treatment on Hypertension 297

7.2.2.2 Prevention of Hypertension 301

7.3 Blood Lipid Disorders 306

7.3.3 Results 307

7.3.3.1 Diet Treatment Including VLCD 307

7.3.3.2 Pharmacotherapy 312

7.3.3.3 Surgical Treatment 313

7.3.3.4 Other Studies on Lowering Blood Lipids 313

7.4 Sleep Apnea 317

7.5 Infertility and Pregnancy Outcome 320

7.5.2 Results 320

8 Economic Evaluation of Treatment Methods 323

8.2 Results 324

8.2.1 Counseling and VLCD 324

8.2.2 Surgical intervention 328

8.2.3 Pharmacotherapy 332

9 Ethical Aspects 335

9.1 Patients' Problems 336

9.2 Treatment 336

9.3 Interaction with Health Services 337

9.4 Quackery 338

9.5 Obesity as a Social Problem 338

9.6 General Prevention 339.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

3527308180

OCLC:

55797833