Canada's religions : an historical introduction / Robert Choquette.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Choquette, Robert, 1938-

Series:

Religions and beliefs series ; no. 12.

Religions and beliefs series ; no. 12

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Religion and sociology.

Religion.

History.

Canada--Religion--History.

Canada.

Canada--Church history.

Church history.

Religion and sociology--Canada.

Physical Description:

xviii, 464 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm.

Place of Publication:

Ottawa : University of Ottawa Press, [2004]

Summary:

With nine out of ten Canadians claiming a religious affiliation of some kind - Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Islamic, Hindu, Buddhist, Aboriginal, or one of dozens of other religions - faith has huge impact on our personal and social lives. In this book, Robert Choquette offers a comprehensive history of religion in Canada and examines the ongoing tug-of-war between modernity and conservatism within the religious traditions themselves. Published in English.

Contents:

Chapter 2 The Religious World of Canada's Amerindians

The origins of Canada's Amerindian people 7

Amerindian realignments during the seventeenth century 10

The religions of Canada's Amerindians 11

Some basic themes in Canadian Amerindian religions 13

Illness and healing 22

Chapter 3 European Religions on the Eve of Encounter

The religions of Europe before the seventeenth century 27

The early Christian heritage 27

Medieval Christendom 29

The varieties of religions of Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 32

Islam in Europe 32

Judaism in Europe 33

The Protestant Reformation 35

The Catholic Reformation 37

A Eurocentric world view 41

A stronger or a weaker Christianity? 45

A divided Christian church 45

A united Christian church 46

Did diversity strengthen or weaken Christianity? 48

Chapter 4 The Encounter between Amerindians and Europeans

Europeans discover the Americas 51

The diverging agendas of Europeans and Amerindians 54

The agenda of the Franco-Europeans 54

The agenda of the Amerindians 58

The missionaries encounter the Amerindians 60

Chapter 5 Missions of Many Kinds

What is Christian mission? 67

Evangelization in early and medieval Christianity 67

Evangelizing the New World 68

Evangelizing Canada 69

The missionary personnel: the men 70

The Recollet Friars 70

The Society of Jesus 74

The Gentlemen of Saint-Sulpice 79

The missionary personnel: the women 81

The Ursulines 81

The Hospital Sisters of Quebec 82

The Hospitalers of Montreal 83

The Notre-Dame Sisters 84

The Sisters of Charity of Montreal 85

The evangelization of Canada's Amerindians 86

The point of view of the clergy 86

The point of view of the Amerindians 89

The legacy of Christian missions 92

Chapter 6 The Development of the Catholic Church

The organization of the Catholic Church 95

The territorial organization of established churches 96

The territorial organization of mission churches 96

The management of the Catholic Church 97

Religious orders in the church 97

Power shifts in the management of the church 100

Gallicanism 102

Early Canadian church institutions 105

The diocese of Quebec 105

Financing the church 110

The Seminary of Quebec 111

Other educational institutions 112

Health care and social work 112

Church developments in the eighteenth century 114

Chapter 7 Theology, Beliefs, Customs, and Piety

Doctrine and theology 117

Crosscurrents in French theology 117

The teaching of Bishop Saint-Vallier 120

Beliefs and religious customs of Early Canadians 121

The Canadian context 121

Popular attitudes to morality and religion 124

Confraternities 125

Holy places and pilgrimages 126

Amerindian Christian villages 129

Chapter 8 The Church, the British Conquest, and the Quebec Act

The church and the Conquest 138

The state of the church on the eve of the Conquest 139

The immediate effects of the British invasion 143

British religious policy, 1759-1765 145

The Quebec Act and its aftermath (1774-1776) 154

The Quebec Act, 1774 154

The instructions to Carleton (1775) 155

The aftermath (1775-1776) 156

Chapter 9 Revivals in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

The origins of Protestantism in Canada 159

The organization and governance of Protestant churches 161

Establishing Protestantism in Canada 162

Atlantic Canada 163

Upper Canada 164

The development and renewal of Protestantism 165

Protestant denominations 166

Protestant evangelicalism 167

Protestant revivals 170

Catholic renewal 173

Catholic ultramontanism 173

Ultramontanism in early-nineteenth-century Canada 176

Renewal in Amerindian religions 177

Chapter 10 Missionary Agencies

Protestant missionary agencies 181

Eighteenth-century agencies 182

Nineteenth-century agencies: the leading missionary agencies 183

Converting French Canada 185

Missions in Canada's northwest 189

Auxiliary missionary agencies 189

Catholic missionary agencies 190

Religious orders 191

Missionary agencies of men 193

Missionary agencies of women 199

Chapter 11 The Churches and the State

The structure and development of the churches 206

The Roman Catholic Church 206

The Church of England 211

The Presbyterians 216

Methodists 217

Baptists and other Protestants 219

Clergy reserves 220

The separation of church and state 222

Chapter 12 The Evangelical Crusade

Common characteristics of evangelical Christians 226

Consequences of evangelicalism in Canadian society 229

Protestant Diversity 234

Eschatology, Apocalyptic, Millennialism, and Adventism 234

Millennialism 234

Adventism 238

Holiness 240

Ultramontanism in Canada 241

Reinforcing the ultramontane centre 243

Moral teaching, piety, and devotions of ultramontane Catholics 246

Ultramontanes in Canadian society 249

Chapter 13 Alternatives to the Evangelical Crusade

Why some opposed the evangelical crusades 255

Social reasons 256

Intellectual reasons 258

Ideological reasons 261

Religious reasons 263

Christian alternatives to the evangelical crusade 264

Liberal Protestantism 264

Christian social reformers 265

Mennonites and Hutterites 266

Religious pluralism 268

Judaism 270

Spiritualism 271

Theosophy 271

Freemasonry 272

Amerindians 273

Louis Riel 275

The Metis leader 275

Riel's religion 278

The reaction to Riel's crusade 281

Chapter 14 Confessional Education

Education in Canada before 1850 285

Schools in New France 285

Schools between 1760 and 1840 286

The revolution in schools during the 1840s 288

Public and confessional schools in Canada after 1850 290

Public schools 290

Separate schools 294

Recent developments in public and separate schools 295

The education of women 296

Colleges and universities 298

The education of Canada's Amerindians 301

Chapter 15 Modernity versus Conservatism

The meaning of modernity 311

The meaning of Christian conservatism 314

Religions divide over the issue of modernity 315

The Protestant reaction to modernity 316

The emerging conservative movement 316

Bible schools 317

Neo-orthodox theology 318

Fundamentalism divides denominations 320

The Catholic reaction to modernity 322

Reinforcing Catholic traditionalism 323

Modernism 324

The Jewish reaction to modernity 327

The Amerindian reaction to modernity 328

Chapter 16 Social Christianity

The Social Gospel 332

What is the Social Gospel? 333

The leaders of the Social Gospel 334

The reaction of Protestant churches to the Social Gospel 335

The Protestant reform of Canada 335

Catholic social doctrine 338

The encyclical Rerum Novarum 338

Quadragesimo Anno 339

Renewed social doctrine after 1960 340

Pope Paul VI 341

Pope John Paul II 343

Implementing Catholic social doctrine 345

Perennial social engagement by the Catholic Church 345

Intensified social action 345

Catholic Action 348

Chapter 17 Secularization and Church Reform

Secularization 353

Vatican II: the reform of Catholicism 355

The central objectives of Vatican II 356

Means to achieve these objectives 356

Protestantism in question 366

Cooperative Christianity 369

The World Council of Churches (WCC) 370

The Canadian Council of Churches (CCC) 371

The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada (EFC) 372

The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB) 372

Ecumenical social action 373

Recent developments in Canadian Christianity 374

Chapter 18 Immigration and Religions

Diverse religions of the world 377

World religions in contemporary Canada 381

Amerindian religions 381

Orthodox Christianity 381

Judaism 384

Islam 389

Hinduism 393

Sikhism 395

Buddhism 397

Religions of China and Japan 399

Ethnicity and religions 401

Canada's reactions to the

newcomers 402

The churches' reactions to the newcomers 405

Chapter 19 Alternative Religions

New religious movements 411

Primal North-American religion 411

Yoga 411

Hare Krishna (ISKCON) 412

Baha'i faith 412

Mormons 413

Jehovah's Witnesses 415

Christian Science 416

The Pentecostal movement 417

New religions 420

New religions among the Amerindians 420

The Church of Scientology 422

New Age 422

Chapter 20 Epilogue: The Future of Religions in Canada.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [439]-458) and index.

ISBN:

077663027X

0776605577

OCLC:

52541048