Deep inelastic scattering / Robin Devenish and Amanda Cooper-Sarkar.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Devenish, Robin.

Contributor:

Cooper-Sarkar, Amanda.

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Inelastic scattering.

Physical Description:

xiv, 403 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, [2004]

Summary:

This book is an up-to-date, self-contained account of deep inelastic scattering in high-energy physics. It covers the classic results which led to the quark-parton model of hadrons and the establishment of quantum chromodynamics as the theory of the strong nuclear force, in addition to new vistas in the subject opened up by the electron-proton collider HERA.

Contents:

1.1 Rutherford scattering 1

1.1.1 Form factors 3

1.2 Inelastic scattering 4

1.3 Heroic age of DIS 6

1.4 Importance of weak probes 7

1.5 Partons and Quantum Chromodynamics 8

1.6 Extraction of parton density functions 10

1.7 DIS at colliders 11

2 The quark-parton model 14

2.1 The essential idea of the parton model 14

2.1.1 Elastic electron-muon scattering 16

2.1.2 Elastic electron-quark scattering 18

2.2 Inelastic e- or [mu]-hadron scattering 19

2.3 Neutrino-induced DIS 23

2.3.1 Elastic neutrino-electron scattering 23

2.3.2 Elastic neutrino-quark scattering 25

2.3.3 Inelastic neutrino-hadron scattering 26

2.3.4 Neutrino scattering via the neutral current 27

2.4 Quark-parton model tests 28

2.5 Sum rules 31

3 QCD and formal methods 35

3.1 Quantum Chromodynamics 36

3.1.1 The QCD Lagrangian 36

3.1.2 QCD colour factors 38

3.2 Some simple tree-level diagrams 40

3.3 Infrared and collinear singularities 43

3.4 Renormalization 45

3.4.1 Regularization and renormalization schemes 46

3.4.2 Charge renormalization in QED 47

3.4.3 The QCD running coupling at leading order 50

3.5 Renormalization group methods 52

3.5.1 Anomalous dimensions 54

3.6 The QCD running coupling 56

3.7 The hadronic tensor W[subscript mu v] 57

3.7.1 Light cone dominance 59

3.8 The operator product expansion 60

3.8.1 OPE applied to DIS 61

3.8.2 RGE calculation of moments 64

3.9 Factorization 65

4 QCD improved parton model 69

4.1 Improving the parton model 69

4.1.1 Splitting Functions 75

4.1.2 Running coupling and the OPE 77

4.2 The DGLAP equations 79

4.2.1 F[subscript 2] and F[subscript L] 81

4.2.2 A useful approximation 83

4.3 DGLAP evolution at LO 84

4.3.1 Valence quark evolution 84

4.3.2 Singlet and gluon evolution 86

4.4 Higher twist 87

4.5 Heavy quarks 89

4.5.1 Matching prescriptions for [alpha subscript s] 89

4.5.2 Heavy quark production in DIS 91

4.5.3 Variable flavour number schemes 91

4.6 Beyond NLO 95

4.9 Appendix: LO splitting functions and anomalous dimensions 100

5 DIS experiments and data 101

5.2 Kinematics 102

5.2.1 Fixed target 102

5.2.2 HERA collider 104

5.3 Detectors 107

5.3.1 The E665 muon scattering experiment 108

5.3.2 The CCFR neutrino scattering experiment 110

5.3.3 Detectors for the ep collider HERA 111

5.4 Measurement of the cross-section 113

5.4.1 Radiative corrections 115

5.4.2 Acceptance and other corrections 117

5.5 Nuclear effects 120

5.6 Structure function data 122

5.6.1 F[subscript 2] 123

5.6.2 F[superscript vN subscript 2] and xF[superscript vN subscript 3] 127

5.6.3 F[subscript L] 130

5.6.4 F[superscript c subscript 2] 131

5.7 F[superscript p subscript 2] at very low Q[superscript 2] 135

5.10 Appendix: cross-sections and luminosity 138

5.10.1 The size of DIS cross-sections 138

5.10.2 Beam flux and luminosity 138

6 Extraction of parton densities 140

6.1 Determining parton distribution functions 140

6.2 Treatment of data sets in global analyses 141

6.2.1 Nuclear binding corrections 141

6.2.2 Data consistency 142

6.3 Global fits: the general formalism 142

6.3.1 The form of the parameterization 144

6.3.2 The flavour composition of the sea 145

6.3.3 Global fits: the relationship of the measurements to the parton distributions 146

6.4 Results on PDF extraction 147

6.4.1 Results from the experimental collaborations 148

6.4.2 Results from the theoretical groups 153

6.5 Information on PDFs from non-DIS processes 156

6.5.1 Quark distributions 157

6.5.2 The gluon distribution 158

6.6 Theoretical and 'model' uncertainties 159

6.6.1 Model assumptions 159

6.6.2 Heavy quark production schemes 161

6.6.3 Higher twist contributions 162

6.6.4 The need to go beyond NLO and scale uncertainty 163

6.6.5 Alternatives to the DGLAP evolution equations? 165

6.7 Treatment of correlated systematic uncertainties 165

6.7.1 Offset methods 167

6.7.2 Hessian methods 168

6.7.3 Diagonalization and eigenvector PDF sets 169

6.7.4 Normalizations 170

6.7.5 Comparison of offset and Hessian methods 170

6.7.6 x[superscript 2] tolerance 171

6.7.7 Uncertainties in predicting high energy cross-sections 174

6.7.8 Alternative statistical techniques 174

6.8 Dynamically generated partons, the GRV approach 175

6.9 Future prospects for information on the gluon 176

6.11 Appendix: Comparability of evolution programs 178

7 [alpha subscript s] from scaling violations and jets at high Q[superscript 2] 181

7.1 Methods of determining [alpha subscript s](M[superscript 2 subscript Z]) from structure function data 182

7.1.1 Determinations of [alpha subscript s](M[superscript 2 subscript Z]) from GLS sum-rule 183

7.2 Determinations of [alpha subscript s](M[superscript 2 subscript Z]) from structure function data: DGLAP NLO QCD fits 183

7.2.1 Theoretical and model uncertainties 183

7.2.2 Results 185

7.3 Determinations of [alpha subscript s](M[superscript 2 subscript Z]) from structure function data: extending the theoretical framework 188

7.4 Jet production in DIS 189

7.4.1 Breit frame kinematics 190

7.4.2 Cross-section calculations 192

7.5 Jet measures 194

7.5.1 The cone algorithm 195

7.5.2 The k[subscript T] cluster algorithm 196

7.5.3 Longitudinally invariant k[subscript T] algorithm 196

7.6 Description of jet data at NLO 197

7.7 [alpha subscript S] from DIS jets 200

7.8 Combined analysis of NC jet and inclusive data 203

7.11 Appendix: transformation to the Breit frame 207

8 DIS at high Q[superscript 2] 209

8.1 Cross-sections for unpolarized lepton beams 209

8.1.1 Neutral Current 209

8.1.2 Charged Current 211

8.2 Unpolarized high-Q[superscript 2] data 212

8.2.1 PDF extraction from high-Q[superscript 2] data 214

8.3 Cross-sections for polarized lepton beams 217

8.3.1 Neutral Current 217

8.3.2 Charged Current 218

8.4 Extraction of electroweak parameters 218

8.4.1 M[subscript W] measurements 218

8.4.2 Measurements of the quark weak neutral couplings 221

8.7 Appendix: formalism for NC high-Q[superscript 2] DIS 224

9 DIS at low x 228

9.1 Approaches at low x 229

9.1.1 Summation schemes 230

9.1.2 Low x and Mellin moments 232

9.2 DGLAP at low x 232

9.2.1 Double asymptotic scaling 234

9.2.2 Singular input distribution 235

9.3 Regge Theory 236

9.3.1 Hard and soft Pomerons 241

9.4 The BFKL equation 244

9.4.1 Multiple gluon emission at small x 244

9.4.2 The reggeized gluon and the LO BFKL equation 245

9.4.3 BFKL for hadronic processes 249

9.4.4 Beyond the LO BFKL with fixed [alpha subscript s] 251

9.4.5 BFKL

discussion 254

9.5 Angular ordering and the CCFM equation 256

9.6 Unitarity and saturation 260

9.6.1 High density gluon dynamics 261

9.7 Dipole models

general formalism 263

9.8 Dipole models

examples 266

9.8.1 The Forshaw-Kerley-Shaw model 266

9.8.2 The Golec-Biernat-Wusthoff model 266

9.8.3 Geometrical scaling 269

9.8.4 Dipole models and Q[superscript 2] evolution 269

9.8.5 Dipole models and the colour glass condensate 270

9.9 The description of low-x inclusive data 273

10 Hadron induced DIS 278

10.1 Rapidity 278

10.2 The cross-section for a hard hadronic process 279

10.3 The Drell-Yan process 281

10.3.1 Kinematics and LO cross-section 282

10.3.2 Transverse momentum and QCD corrections 285

10.4 W & Z boson production 289

10.4.1 Z boson production 289

10.4.2 W boson production 291

10.4.3 W decay asymmetry 292

10.5 High p[subscript T] jet production 294

10.5.1 Parton-parton kinematics 295

10.5.2 Single jet inclusive cross-section 296

10.5.3 Dijet cross-sections 299

10.6 Isolated photon production 304

10.7 Hadronic DIS at the LHC 307

10.7.1 Jet physics at the LHC 308

10.7.2 Collider luminosity 311

10.7.3 Parton-parton luminosity 312

10.10 Appendix: [Sigma vertical bar M vertical bar superscript 2] for tree-level sub-processes 316

11 Polarized DIS 318

11.1 Formalism 318

11.2 The 'spin crisis' 319

11.3 Experiments and data 321

11.4 Theoretical framework 323

11.4.1 Sum rules 324

11.4.2 Wandzura-Wilczek relation 324

11.4.3 Axial anomaly 325

11.5 QCD analysis 326

11.6 Semi-inclusive asymmetries 331

11.7 [Delta subscript g] 333

11.7.1 HERMES 334

11.7.2 COMPASS 334

11.7.3 RHIC pp 336

11.8 Transverse spin asymmetries 338

11.10 Appendix: formalism for polarized DIS 339

12 Beyond the Standard Model 343

12.1 General remarks 343

12.2 Quark compositeness and form factors 344

12.3 Direct leptoquark searches 345

12.4 Contact interactions 350

12.4.1 Compositeness 351

12.4.2 Leptoquarks 353

12.5 W production and anomalous high p[subscript T] leptons 354

12.5.1 Single top production 359

12.8 Appendix: LQ classification & CI couplings 362

A Dirac equation and some other conventions 364

B Phase space and cross-sections 368.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [394]-399) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

0198506716

OCLC:

53393423