Patient care in radiography : with an Introduction to medical imaging / Ruth Ann Ehrlich, Ellen Doble McCloskey, Joan A. Daly.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ehrlich, Ruth Ann, 1938-

Contributor:

McCloskey, Ellen Doble.

Daly, Joan A.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Radiography, Medical.

Radiography.

Technology, Radiologic.

Professional-Patient Relations.

Diagnostic Imaging.

Medical Subjects:

Radiography.

Technology, Radiologic.

Professional-Patient Relations.

Diagnostic Imaging.

Physical Description:

xv, 447 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm

Edition:

Sixth edition.

Place of Publication:

St. Louis, Mo. : Mosby, [2004]

Summary:

Patient Care in Radiography helps you acquire and refine both the technical and interpersonal skills you need to provide quality patient care in the clinical environment. Because patient care is involved in virtually every aspect of imaging, high-quality patient care is just as important as your competent performance of procedures. In Patient Care in Radiography, patient care is integrated with procedural skills throughout the text, ensuring that you know how to provide the best care for every patient you encounter. Skills that are imperative for quality patient care in radiography, such as safety, transfer, and positioning; infection control; and patient assessment are emphasized. You'll find full coverage of introductory topics, as well as key information on microbiology, emerging diseases, transcultural communication, ECGs, administration of medications, and bedside radiography.

Patient Care in Radiography provides an excellent orientation to clinical work for students and serves as an up-to-date reference on patient care for practicing technologists.

Contents:

History 2

Overview of Radiographic Procedure 5

X-Ray Production 5

Characteristics of Radiation 6

The X-Ray Beam 8

Scatter radiation 8

Radiographic Equipment 9

The x-ray tube 9

X-ray tube housing 10

X-ray tube support 10

Collimator 12

Radiographic table 12

Grids and buckys 15

Upright cassette holders 15

Transformer 16

Control console 16

Fluoroscopic Units 17

Factors of Radiographic Exposure 19

Exposure time 19

Milliamperage 20

Kilovoltage 20

Distance 21

Technique charts 21

Image Receptor Systems 21

Cassettes and intensifying screens 21

Film 22

Film processing 22

Filmless radiography 23

Image Quality 24

Radiographic density 24

Radiographic contrast 24

Radiographic definition 25

Radiographic distortion 26

Radiation Units 26

Biological Effects of X-Ray Exposure 29

Short-term somatic effects 30

Long-term somatic effects 30

Genetic effects 31

Radiation Safety 31

Personnel safety 31

Personnel monitoring 32

Effective dose equivalent limits 34

Patient protection 34

Gonad shielding 35

Radiation and Pregnancy 35

Chapter 2 Professional Roles and Behaviors 39

The Changing Health Care Delivery System 40

Health care insurance and benefit systems 40

Health care facilities 42

The Health Care Team 42

Physicians 42

Hospital organization and management 43

Services and Roles in the Imaging Department 46

Radiography as a Profession 47

Professionalism 47

Professional organizations 48

Practice standards 49

Education 49

Credentials 50

Continuing education 50

Employment outlook 51

Career ladder 52

Accreditation 53

Job Satisfaction 53

Self-care 53

Empathetic care 54

Burnout 55

Care of supplies and equipment 55

Participation in professional activities 56

Professional Behavior 56

Morals and ethics 56

Standards of ethics 57

Rules of ethics 59

Ethical judgments and conflicts 60

Patient rights 60

Legal Considerations 65

Crimes: felonies and misdemeanors 65

Intentional misconduct 65

Unintentional misconduct 66

Chapter 3 Professional Attitudes and Communications 70

Issues of Cultural Diversity 71

The scope of diversity 71

Culturally significant attitudes toward health care 72

Professional responsibility and ethics in relation to diversity 74

Communication Skills 74

Nonverbal communication 74

Listening skills 76

Verbal skills 78

Communication under stress 79

Communication With Patients 79

Addressing the patient 79

Valid choices 80

Avoiding assumptions 80

Assessment 80

Older adults 80

Children and adolescents 81

Special Circumstances in Communications 82

Patients who do not speak English 82

The hearing impaired 84

Deafness 84

Impaired vision 85

Inability to speak 85

Impaired mental function 85

Altered states of consciousness 86

Patient Education 86

Communication With Patients' Families 87

Dealing With Death and Loss 88

Communication With Coworkers 90

Medical Information and Records 91

Responsibilities for record keeping 92

The chart as a resource 92

Problem-oriented medical recording 93

Medical recording by radiographers 93

Radiographs as records 95

Chapter 4 Safety, Transfer, and Positioning 98

Fire Hazards 99

Fire prevention 99

Be prepared 100

In case of fire 101

Other Common Hazards 103

Electric shock 103

Falls and collisions 104

Spills 104

Darkroom chemicals 104

Eye splashes and eyewash protocol 104

Ergonomics and Body Mechanics 105

Positioning for Safety and Comfort 106

Support and padding 107

Skin care 110

Patient Transfer 110

Preparation for transfer 110

Wheelchair transfers 111

Stretcher transfers 116

Restraints and Immobilization 118

Accidents and Incident Reports 121

Chapter 5 Infection Control 126

Microorganisms 127

Bacteria 127

Rickettsiae 129

Viruses 129

Fungi 131

Prions 131

Protozoa 132

Cycle of Infection 133

Infectious organisms 133

Reservoir of infection 133

Portal of exit 135

Susceptible host 135

Portal of entry 136

Transmission of disease 136

The Body's Defense Against Infection 137

Natural resistance 137

Acquired immunity 137

Passive immunity 137

Infectious Diseases 138

Emerging diseases 138

Bloodborne pathogens 139

Tuberculosis 141

Severe acute respiratory syndrome 143

Preventing Disease Transmission 143

Historical perspective 143

Standard precautions 144

Medical asepsis 144

Isolation technique 150

Surgical asepsis 158

Chapter 6 Patient Care and Assessment 177

Patient Assessment, an Essential Skill 178

Assessing Personal Concerns of Patients 178

Assessing Physiological Needs 179

Water 179

Elimination 180

Taking a History 182

Assessing Current Physical Status 186

Checking the chart 186

Physical evaluation 187

Common Laboratory Tests for Patient Assessment 196

Electronic Patient Monitoring 201

Pulse oximeter 202

Arterial catheters 202

Electrocardiograph monitors 202

Diagnostic Electrocardiography 206

Electrocardiography machines 209

Electrocardiograph paper and standardization 210

Electrocardiography leads 210

Preparation for electrocardiography 212

Obtaining the tracing 216

Artifacts 216

Preparing the ECG for interpretation and storage 218

Exercise tolerance testing 219

Electroencephalography 219

Chapter 7 Medications and Their Administration 222

The Radiographer's Role 223

Medication Nomenclature and Information Resources 224

Medication Properties 225

Pharmacokinetics 225

Pharmacodynamics 226

Medication Effects 226

Frequently Used Medications 226

Medications used to treat allergic reactions 227

Antimicrobials 227

Anticonvulsants 227

Antiarrhythmics 227

Analgesics 227

Sedatives and tranquilizers 232

Antagonists 233

Local anesthetics 233

Succinylcholine chloride 233

General precautions 234

Medication Administration 234

Dosage 234

Routes of administration 235

Charting Medications 254

Chapter 8 Dealing with Acute Situations 257

Emergency Department 258

Trauma Units 258

Multiple Emergencies 259

Disaster Response 260

Emergency Call Systems 260

Emergency carts 261

Patient Evaluation 262

Oxygen and Suction 263

Oxygen administration 263

Suction 266

Respiratory Emergencies 267

Abdominal thrust 267

Asthma 268

Cardiac Emergencies 268

Heart attack 268

Angina pectoris 268

Cardiac arrest 268

Trauma 270

Head injuries 270

Spinal injuries 271

Chest injuries 271

Extremity fractures 273

Wounds 274

Burns 274

Postsurgical complications: wound dehiscence 275

Medical Emergencies 276

Reactions to contrast media 276

Drug reactions 277

Diabetic emergencies 277

Cerebrovascular accident 278

Seizure disorder 279

Vertigo and postural hypotension 280

Epistaxis 280

Nausea and vomiting 280

Shock 281

Hypovolemic shock 281

Septic shock 281

Neurogenic shock 281

Cardiogenic shock 281

Allergic shock or anaphylaxis 281

Recognizing and treating shock 281

Syncope 282

Chapter 9 Preparation and Examination of the Gastrointestinal Tract 284

Scheduling and Sequencing 285

Ensuring Compliance With Preparation Orders 286

Preparation for Examination 287

Diet 287

Cathartics 287

Suppositories 288

Cleansing enemas 288

Contrast Media and Other Diagnostic Aids for Gastrointestinal Examinations 291

Barium sulfate 291

Iodinated media 292

Air contrast 292

Glucagon 292

Examinations of Lower Gastrointestinal Tract 293

Routine barium enema 293

Barium enema considerations and precautions 295

Double-contrast barium enema 301

Defecography 301

Upper

Gastrointestinal Studies 301

Routine upper gastrointestinal series 301

Hypotonic duodenography 303

Small Bowel Studies 303

Oral method 304

Complete reflux method 304

Enteroclysis 304

Follow-up Care 305

Chapter 10 Contrast Media and Special Radiographic Techniques 307

Contrast Media 308

Air and gases 308

Iodinated media 308

Ethiodized oils 309

Water-soluble iodine compounds 309

Contrast Examinations of the Urinary System 316

Excretory urography 316

Cystography 317

Retrograde urography 318

Contrast Examinations of the Biliary System 318

Oral cholecystography 318

Common bile duct examinations 320

Other Contrast Examinations 322

Myelography 322

Contrast arthrography 325

Chapter 11 Bedside Radiography: Special Conditions and Environments 328

Mobile Radiography 329

Special Care Units 329

Postanesthesia care unit 329

Emergency trauma unit 330

Neonatal intensive care and newborn nursery 330

Intensive care and coronary care units 332

Treatment Situations Involving Specialty Equipment 334

Special beds and mattresses 334

Orthopedic traction 334

Tracheostomies 334

Mechanical ventilation 335

Nasogastric and nasoenteric tubes 336

Closed chest drainage 337

Specialty catheters 338

Pacemakers 343

Surgical Suite 344

Surgical access and clothing 344

Surgical environment 345

Surgical setup 346

Surgical procedures requiring radiography 347

Chapter 12 Special Imaging Modalities 350

Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiography 351

Angiography 351

Interventional radiology 358

Computed Tomography 359

Equipment 359

Applications 361

Contrast CT examinations 361

Computed tomography myelography 363

Magnetic Resonance Imaging 364

Equipment 364

Applications 365

Magnetic resonance imaging contrast media 365

Magnetic resonance angiography 365

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging 366

MRI safety 367

Claustrophobia and pain management 367

Diagnostic Medical Sonography 368

Nuclear Medicine 369

Positron emission tomography 371

Single photon emission computed tomography 372

Mammography 372

Appendix A Radiography Practice Standards 376

Appendix B Informed Consent Form 386

Appendix C Abbreviated List of Spanish Phrases With Guides to Pronunciation 387

Appendix D Accepted Abbreviations and Descriptive Terms for Charting 389

Appendix E Incident Report Form 393

Appendix F Radiology Department Infection Control Procedures 394

Appendix G Isolation Guidelines 396

Appendix H Urine Collection 400

Appendix I Iodinated Contrast Media Products for Radiography 401

Appendix J Molecular Structure of Some Typical Iodinated Contrast Media 405

Appendix K Catheterization Technique 407.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 429-430) and index.

ISBN:

0323019374

OCLC:

54686629