The national wildlife refuges : coordinating a conservation system through law / Robert L. Fischman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Fischman, Robert, 1962-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Wildlife refuges--United States.

Wildlife refuges.

United States.

Public lands--United States--Management.

Public lands.

Management.

Conservation of natural resources--United States.

Conservation of natural resources.

Physical Description:

xv, 277 pages : maps ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

Washington, DC : Island Press, [2003]

Contents:

Maps of the National Wildlife Refuge System

Western Half of the Contiguous States and Hawaii xvi

Eastern Half of the Contiguous States and Caribbean xvii

Alaska and Pacific Ocean Units xviii

The Forces Shaping Refuge Management 4

Part 1 Understanding Refuge Resource Management

2. What Is the National Wildlife Refuge System? 15

Public Land Systems in the United States 15

The Crazy-Quilt Refuge System 23

3. The History of the National Wildlife Refuge System 32

Early History 34

The 1962 Refuge Recreation Act 41

The 1966 Refuge Administration Act 45

The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 53

The Struggle with Incompatible Uses 56

President Clinton's 1996 Executive Order 61

4. The Meaning of Organic Legislation 64

The Hallmarks of Modern Organic Legislation 72

Part 2 The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997

5. Purpose Statements 79

Sustaining, Restoring, Enhancing Healthy Populations 81

Plant Conservation 82

Modern Scientific Research Programs 84

Habitats, Utilitarianism, and Agency Discretion 86

Coordination 87

6. Designated Uses: The Hierarchy 89

Conservation as a Dominant Use 90

Overview of the Hierarchy of Uses 93

The Wildlife-Dependent Recreation Priority 94

Nonwildlife-Dependent Uses 98

7. Comprehensive Planning 100

Broad-Scale Plans 100

Comprehensive Conservation Plans 102

Comprehensive Conservation Plan Procedures 105

8. Substantive Management Criteria 109

The Compatibility Standard 112

Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Environmental Health 125

Water Rights 133

Biological Monitoring 140

Conservation Stewardship 142

9. Public Participation 145

Rules and Policies 147

Comprehensive Conservation Plans 149

Compatibility Determinations 152

Advisory Committees 155

Challenges to FWS Decisions 156

Part 3 Applying Resource Management to Individual Refuges and Resources

10. Individual Refuge Purposes 163

Presidential Sources 167

Congressional Sources 170

Administrative Sources 179

11. The Special Case of the Alaska Refuges 183

Subsistence Uses 184

Native Claims 186

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 188

12. Oil and Gas Development in the Refuges 193

Federal Subsurface Ownership 194

Private Subsurface Ownership 198

13. Resource Management through Organic Legislation 200

The Persistence of Incompatible Uses 201

The Refuge System as the Future of Public Land Conservation 206

A. A Chronology of Refuge System Development 211

B. Relevant Statutes 217

National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 218

National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 228

National Wildlife Refuge Recreation Act of 1962 234

C. The National Wildlife Refuge Units 237.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 253-262) and index.

ISBN:

1559639903

1559639911

OCLC:

51942810