Krause's food, nutrition, & diet therapy / edited by L. Kathleen Mahan, Sylvia Escott-Stump.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Mahan, L. Kathleen.

Escott-Stump, Sylvia.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Diet therapy.

Nutrition.

Food.

Diet Therapy.

Medical Subjects:

Diet Therapy.

Food.

Nutrition.

Physical Description:

xxxvii, 1321 pages : color illustrations ; 29 cm

Edition:

Eleventh edition.

Other Title:

Krause's food, nutrition, and diet therapy

Food, nutrition, & diet therapy

Food, nutriton, and diet therapy

Place of Publication:

Philadelphia : Saunders, [2004]

Summary:

Krause's Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy is a classic textbook in the field of nutrition and diet therapy, providing a wealth of information on nutrition basics, nutrition throughout the life cycle, nutrition care, nutrition for health and fitness, and medical nutrition therapy. Always up-to-date with the most current information available, this outstanding resource recognizes the increasing importance of nutrition in achieving and maintaining optimal health and fitness and as a component of complete and effective healthcare. It is universally recognized as an essential text for nutrition and diet therapy students and practicing registered dietitians. It features extensive appendixes, tables, illustrations, figures, and clinical insight boxes that provide practical hands-on information and clinical tools for use throughout a student's education and career.

Contents:

Part 1 Nutrition Basics

1 Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients / Peter L. Beyer, MS, RD, LD 2

The Gastrointestinal Tract 3

The Small Intestine: Primary Site of Nutrient Absorption 11

2 Energy / Carol D. Frary, MS, RD, Rachel K. Johnson, PhD, MPH, RD 21

Components of Energy Expenditure 22

Measurement of Energy Expenditure 25

Estimating Energy Requirements 28

Calculating Food Energy 33

3 Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids / Susan Ettinger, PhD, RD 37

Carbohydrates 39

Fats and Lipids 50

Amino Acids and Protein 62

Macronutrient Use and Storage in the Fed State 70

Macronutrient Catabolism in the Fasted State 71

4 Vitamins / Margie Lee Gallagher, PhD, RD, MS 75

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins 76

The Water-Soluble Vitamins 93

Other Vitamin-Like Factors 115

5 Minerals / John J.B. Anderson, PhD 120

Macrominerals 122

Microminerals (Trace Elements) 134

Ultratrace Minerals 150

Other Trace Elements 158

6 Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance / Susan J. Whitmire, RD, LDN, CNSD 164

Body Water 165

Acid-Base Disorders 174

Part 2 Nutrition in the Life Cycle

7 Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation / Judith K. Shabert, MD, RD, MPH 182

Pregnancy 183

Lactation 201

Nutrition, Fertility, and Conception 209

8 Nutrition During Infancy / Cristine M. Trahms, MS, RD, CD, FADA 214

Physiologic Development 215

Nutrient Requirements 217

Milk 220

Food 226

Feeding 226

9 Nutrition for Low-Birth-Weight Infants / Diane M. Anderson, PhD, RD, CSP, FADA 234

Physiologic Development 235

Nutritional Requirements: Parenteral Feeding 237

Transition From Parenteral to Enteral Feeding 242

Nutritional Requirements: Enteral Feeding 243

Feeding Methods 246

Selection of Enteral Feeding 248

Growth and Nutritional Assessments 250

Discharge Care 251

Neurodevelopmental Outcome 256

10 Nutrition in Childhood / Betty L. Lucas, MPH, RD, CD 259

Growth and Development 260

Nutrient Requirements 262

Providing an Adequate Diet 268

Nutritional Concerns 275

Preventing Chronic Disease 279

11 Nutrition in Adolescence / Bonnie A. Spear, PhD, RD 284

Growth and Development 285

Nutrient Requirements 288

Food Habits 293

Special Situations 295

Strategies for Improving Nutritional Well-Being 299

12 Nutrition in the Adult Years / Kimberly Mathai, MS, RD, CN 302

Eating and the Food Environment 303

Defensive Nutrition Paradigm 305

Gastrointestinal Integrity 308

Detoxification Systems 310

Guidelines for a Defensive Nutrition Paradigm 311

13 Nutrition in Aging / Nancy G. Harris, MS, RD, LDN, FADA 318

The Older Population 319

Theories of Aging 319

Physiologic Changes 321

Multidisciplinary Assessment 324

Nutrition Screening 325

Nutrition Needs 326

Dietary Planning 331

Nutrition Issues 331

Supportive Services 334

Part 3 Nutrition Care

14 Nutrition in the Community / Judith L. Dodd, MS, RD, FADA, LD, Cynthia Taft Bayerl, MS, RD, LDN 340

Needs Assessment for Community-Based Nutrition Services 344

National Food and Nutrition Data Sources 345

National Nutrition Guidelines and Goals 347

Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs 350

Food Safety: Laws, Regulations, and Issues 354

Food Technology 357

Agricultural Products and Concerns 358

Other Concerns About Food and Water Safety 359

15 Guidelines for Dietary Planning / Robert Earl, MPH, RD 363

Determining Nutrient Needs 364

Nutritional Status of Americans 367

National Guidelines for Diet Planning 371

Food Labeling 379

Cultural Aspects of Dietary Planning 382

The Human Genome Project 392

Genetics and Nutrition Therapy 401

17 Dietary and Clinical Assessment / Kathleen A. Hammond, MS, RD, LD, CNSD, RN, BSN, CNSN 407

Nutritional Imbalance 408

Nutritional Screening 410

Nutritional Assessment 412

Nutrition-Focused Physical Examination 429

Classifying Malnutrition 430

18 Laboratory Data in Nutrition Assessment / Timothy H. Carlson, PhD, RD, NRCC 436

Definition and Usefulness of Nutrition Laboratory Data 437

Assessment of Protein-Energy Status 439

Laboratory Data for Nutritional Anemias 442

Markers of Malabsorption 446

Wellness Assessment 446

Nutritional Interpretation of Routine Medical Laboratory Data 450

19 Food-Drug Interactions / Zaneta M. Pronsky, MS, RD, LDN, FADA, Sr. Jeanne P. Crowe, PharmD, RPH 455

Pharmacologic Aspects of Food-Drug Interactions 456

Risk Factors for Food-Drug Interactions 457

Effects of Food on Drug Therapy 459

Effects of Drugs on Food and Nutrition 462

Modification of Drug Action by Food and Nutrients 463

Effects of Drugs on Nutritional Status 464

Excipients and Food-Drug Interactions 470

Medical Nutrition Therapy 472

20 Integrative Medicine and Phytotherapy / Ruth M. DeBusk, PhD, RD 475

Integrative Therapies 476

Commonly Used Botanicals 482

Guidelines for Working With Clients Who Use Botanicals 491

21 The Nutrition Care Process / Cynthia M. Brylinsky, MS, RD, LDN 496

Nutrition Care Process and Medical Nutrition Therapy 497

Nutritional Care Record 501

Charting and Documentation 503

Influences on Nutritional Care 507

Nutritional Intervention and Diet Modification 510

Nutritional Care for the Hospitalized Patient 511

Nutritional Care of the Terminally Ill or Hospice Patient 515

Discharge Planning and Home Care 515

22 Counseling for Change / Linda G. Snetselaar, BS, MS, PhD, RD 519

Counseling Techniques 520

Stages of Change 520

Activities That Facilitate Behavior Change 521

Intervention Model 523

Not-Ready-to-Change Counseling Sessions 525

Ready-to-Change Counseling Sessions 528

Resistance Behaviors and Potential Strategies to Modify Them 529

23 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support / Abby S. Bloch, PhD, RD, FADA, Charles Mueller, PhD, MS, RD, CNSD, CDN 533

Rationale and Criteria for Appropriate Nutrition Support 534

Enteral Nutrition 537

Parenteral Nutrition 544

Transitional Feeding 549

Pharmacologic Use of Nutrients 550

Nutrition Support in Long-Term and Home Care 551

Ethical Issues 552

Interdisciplinary Nutrition Support Services 552

Part 4 Nutrition for Health and Fitness

24 Nutrition for Weight Management / Idamarie Laquatra, PhD, RD 558

Body Weight Components 559

Regulation of Body Weight 562

Weight Management Throughout Life 564

Weight Imbalance: Overweight and Obesity 565

Management of Obesity in Adults 570

Common Problems Encountered in Obesity Management 585

Weight Management in Children 586

Weight Imbalance: Excessive Leanness 587

25 Nutrition in Eating Disorders / Janet E. Schebendach, MA, RD, Pamela Reichert-Anderson, MA, RD 594

Diagnostic Criteria 595

Etiology 599

Pathophysiology 599

Nutritional Assessment 601

Psychological Management 607

Nutritional Care 609

Nutrition Education 611

Prognosis 611

26 Nutrition for Exercise and Sports Performance / Jacqueline R. Berning, PhD, RD 616

Energy Production 617

Fuels for Contracting Muscles 619

Nutritional Requirements of Exercise 620

Weight Management 634

Ergogenic Aids 635

27 Nutrition and Bone Health / John J.B. Anderson, PhD 642

Bone Structure and Bone Physiology 643

Bone Mass and Bone Density 647

Nutrition and Bone 650

Osteopenia and Osteoporosis 654

28 Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health / Riva Touger-Decker, PhD, RD, FADA 667

Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development 668

Dental Caries 668

Fluoride 673

Preventive Care 675

Periodontal Disease 676

Early Childhood Caries 677

Tooth Loss and Dentures 678

Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disease 678

Polypharmacy 680

Part 5 Medical Nutrition Therapy

29 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders / Peter L.

Beyer, MS, RD, LD 686

Disorders of the Esophagus 687

Disorders of the Stomach 692

30 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders / Peter L. Beyer, MS, RD, LD 705

Common Intestinal Problems 706

Diseases of the Small Intestine 712

Intestinal Brush-Border Enzyme Deficiencies 718

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 721

Disorders of the Large Intestine 727

Intestinal Surgery 730

31 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Liver, Biliary System, and Exocrine Pancreas Disorders / Jeanette M. Hasse, PhD, RD, LD, CNSD, FADA, Laura E. Matarese, MS, RD, LD, CNSD, FADA 738

Physiology and Functions of the Liver 739

Laboratory Assessment of Liver Function 740

Diseases of the Liver 740

Liver Resection and Transplantation 755

Physiology and Functions of the Gallbladder 756

Diseases of the Gallbladder 757

Physiology and Functions of the Exocrine Pancreas 760

Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas 761

32 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Food Allergy and Food Intolerance / Sherry K. Hubbard, RD, LD 768

Immunologic Basis 769

Symptoms 770

Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergy 772

Food Intolerances 773

Diagnosis 776

Treatment 781

Natural History of Food Allergy 784

Food Allergy in Infancy 787

Diet and Prevention of Allergic Disease 788

33 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin / Marion J. Franz, MS, RD, LD, CDE 792

Pathophysiology 794

Diagnostic and Screening Criteria 799

Management of Diabetes Mellitus 799

Diabetes and Age-Related Issues 815

Implementing Nutrition Self-Management 819

Acute Complications 825

Long-Term Complications 827

Preventing Diabetes 829

Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin 830

34 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia / Tracy Stopler, MS, RD 838

Iron-Related Blood Disorders 839

Megaloblastic Anemias 847

Other Nutritional Anemias 854

Nonnutritional Anemias 856

35 Medical Nutrition Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease / Debra A. Krummel, PhD, RD, LD 860

Prevalence and Incidence 861

Mortality 861

Pathophysiology and Etiology 864

Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease 866

Lipoprotein Assessment 869

Genetic Hyperlipidemias: Classification and Diagnosis 877

Dietary Factors 878

Treatment 882

36 Medical Nutrition Therapy in Hypertension / Debra A. Krummel, PhD, RD, LD 900

Definition and Classification 901

Prevalence and Incidence 901

Morbidity and Mortality 902

Pathophysiology 903

Primary Prevention 904

Medical Management 912

37 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Heart Failure and Transplant / Debra A. Krummel, PhD, RD, LD 919

Heart Failure 920

Cardiac Transplantation 932

38 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease / Donna H. Mueller, PhD, RD, FADA 937

Relationships Between Nutrition and the Pulmonary System 938

Overview of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Pulmonary Disease 941

Aspiration 942

Asthma 942

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 943

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 945

Cystic Fibrosis 948

Lung Cancer 955

Pneumonia 955

Respiratory Failure 955

Tuberculosis 956

39 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders / Katy G. Wilkens, MS, RD 961

Physiology and Function of the Kidneys 962

Renal Disease 963

Glomerular Diseases 964

Diseases of the Tubules and Interstitium 965

Progressive Nature of Renal Disease 969

End-Stage Renal Disease 970

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones) 988

40 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery / Barbara Eldridge, MS, RD, LD 997

Diagnosis and Medical Treatment 998

Nutrition in the Etiology of Cancer 1000

Nutritional Implications of Cancer 1004

Nutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy 1008

Nutritional Care of Adults Diagnosed With Cancer 1014

Nutritional Care of Children Diagnosed With Cancer 1019

Complementary and Alternative Therapies 1020

41 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease / Marcy Fenton, MS, RD, Ellyn Silverman, MPH, RD 1027

Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Classification 1028

Epidemiology and Trends 1030

Manifestations and Stages of HIV Infection 1033

Opportunistic Infections and Other Complications 1034

Medical Management 1037

Women and HIV 1042

Pediatric Considerations 1043

Relationship Between Malnutrition and AIDS 1044

Medical Nutrition Therapy 1046

Complications With a Nutrition Impact 1051

Complementary and Alternative Therapies 1054

42 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Stress: Sepsis, Trauma, Burns, and Surgery / Marion F. Winkler, MS, RD, LDN, CNSD, Ainsley M. Malone, MS, RD, CNSD 1058

Metabolic Response to Stress 1059

Starvation Versus Stress 1062

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 1062

Head Injury 1070

Major Burns 1071

Surgery 1076

43 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders / Valentina M. Remig, PhD, RD, LD, FADA, Cecilia Romero, MD 1081

Neurologic Disease Classification 1082

Nervous System Wiring and Lesions 1083

Medical Nutrition Therapy 1086

Problems With Procurement of Food 1086

Neurologic Diseases Arising From Nutritional Deficiencies or Excesses 1092

Neurologic Diseases With Nonnutrition Etiologies 1096

44 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disorders / Lisa Dorfman, MS, RD, LMHC 1121

Etiology 1122

Pathophysiology of Inflammation in Rheumatic Diseases 1123

Drugs Commonly Used to Reduce Inflammation 1123

Osteoarthritis 1124

Rheumatoid Arthritis 1126

Sjogren's Syndrome 1133

Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome 1134

Gout 1134

Scleroderma 1135

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 1136

Chronic Fatigue Disorder Syndrome and Fibromyalgia 1137

Controversies and Unproven Remedies for Rheumatic Disorders 1138

45 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Disorders / Cristine M. Trahms, MS, RD, CD, FADA 1143

Newborn Screening 1144

Goals of Medical Nutrition Therapy 1144

Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism 1144

Disorders of Organic Acid Metabolism 1157

Disorders of Urea Cycle Metabolism 1159

Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism 1161

Glycogen Storage Diseases 1162

Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation 1163

Other Disorders 1164

Role of Nutritionist in Medical Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Disorders 1164

3 Potential ICD-9-CM Codes for Nutrition Services 1173

4 Milliequivalents and Milligrams of Electrolytes 1176

5 Approximate Conversions to and From Metric Measures 1176

Nutritional Physical Assessment

6 Birth to 36 Months: Boys Length-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles 1177

7 Birth to 36 Months: Boys Head Circumference-for-Age and Weight-for-Length Percentiles 1178

8 2 to 20 Years: Boys Stature-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles 1179

9 Birth to 36 Months: Girls Length-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles 1180

10 Birth to 36 Months: Girls Head Circumference-for-Age and Weight-for-Length Percentiles 1181

11 2 to 20 Years: Girls Stature-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles 1182

12 Tanner Stages of Adolescent Development for Females 1183

13 Tanner Stages of Adolescent Development for Males 1183

14 Direct Methods for Measuring Height and Weight 1184

15 Indirect Methods for Measuring Height 1184

16 Determination of Frame Size 1185

17 Body Mass Index (BMI) Table 1186

18 Body Mass Index-for-Age Percentiles: Boys, 2 to 20 Years 1187

19 Body Mass Index-for-Age Percentiles: Girls, 2 to 20 Years 1188

20A Body Mass Index, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Triceps Skinfold Thickness, and Arm Muscle Circumference for Men 50 Years of Age and Older Examined in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) 1189

20B Body Mass Index, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Triceps Skinfold Thickness, and Arm Muscle Circumference for Women 50 Years of Age and Older Examined in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) 1190

21 Arm Anthropometry for Children 1191

22 Arm Anthropometry for Adults 1192

23 Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Weight (kg) by Height (cm) for Males of 2 to 74 Years 1193

24 Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Weight (kg) by Height (cm) for Females of 2 to 74 Years 1194

25 Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Weight (kg) by Age for Adult Males of Small, Medium, and Large Frames 1195

26 Means, Standard Deviations, and

Percentiles of Weight (kg) by Age for Adult Females of Small, Medium, and Large Frames 1196

27 Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm) by Age for Males and Females of 1 to 50 Years 1197

28 Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Upper Arm Muscle Area (cm[superscript 2]) by Height (cm) for Boys and Girls of 2 to 17 Years 1198

29 Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Upper Arm Muscle Area (cm[superscript 2]) by Age for Adult Males of Small, Medium, and Large Frames 1199

30 Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Upper Arm Muscle Area (cm[superscript 2]) by Age for Adult Females of Small, Medium, and Large Frames 1200

31 Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Upper Arm Fat Area (cm[superscript 2]) by Age for Males and Females of 1 to 74 Years 1201

32 Nutrition-Focused Physical Assessment 1202

Laboratory Tests, Drugs, and Dietary Supplements

33 A Guide to the Use of Laboratory Data in Nutritional Assessment and Monitoring 1206

34 Nutritional Implications of Selected Drugs 1220

35 Counseling Patients on Dietary Supplements 1226

Enteral Formulas

36 Milk-Based Formulas or Products Designed to Be Mixed With Milk 1228

37A Whole-Protein, Lactose-Free Formulas With 0.5 kcal/ml 1228

37B Whole-Protein, Lactose-Free Formulas With 1 to 1.2 kcal/ml 1229

37C Whole-Protein, Lactose-Free Formulas With 1.5 and 2.0 kcal/ml 1231

38 Specially Designed Formulas: Clear Liquid, Fat Malabsorption, Glucose Intolerance, Hepatic, Immune-Support, Metabolic Stress, Pulmonary, Renal 1232

39 Defined Formulas 1235

40 Pediatric Specialized Formulas 1236

41 Modular Components for Enteral Feedings 1237

Nutrient Tables

42 Fiber Content of Selected Foods 1238

43 Caffeine Content of Foods 1240

44 Nutritive Values for Alcoholic Beverages and Mixes 1241

45A Oxalate Content of Foods 1242

45B Bioavailability of Oxalate 1243

46 Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Selected Foods 1244

47 Carotenoid Content of Fruits and Vegetables 1246

48 Vitamin D Content of Foods 1249

49 Vitamin E Content of Foods as [alpha]-Tocopherol (mg) 1251

50 Vitamin K Content of Foods 1253

51 Selenium Content of Foods 1254

Menu Planning Lists

52 Caloric Expenditure Worksheet for Various Exercise Activities Based on Body Weight 1259

53 Exchange Lists for Meal Planning 1262

54 Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of Selected Foods 1271

55 National Dysphagia Diets 1272

56 The Nutrition Care Process 1278

57 Percentage of Body Fat Based on Four Skinfold Measurements 1282.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0721697844

OCLC:

53380478