Europe reborn : a history, 1914-2000 / Harold James.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

James, Harold (Harold Douglas), 1923-

Series:

Longman history of modern Europe

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Europe--History--20th century.

Europe.

History.

Physical Description:

xiv, 492 pages : illustrations, maps ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Harlow ; New York : Longman, 2003.

Summary:

In the early twentieth century brutal nation-states such as Mussolini's Italy, Stalin's Russia and Hitler's Germany came to the fore and the twin evils of dictatorship and war ensured the rapid destruction of liberal democracy, market economics and the international order. In contrast, the latter half was concerned with re-thinking and re-shaping these core values which still guide political life after the millennium. Harold James analyses the failures and achievements of the twentieth century and examines the demands of the post-war period -- namely the place of Europe in a wider international order. James lucidly argues that European societies today are dominated by the trend to converge around the principles of democracy, market economics and international integration. He shows that the stability brought by the gradual unwinding of the nation-state and the end of left-right politics have created a Europe 'reborn'.

Contents:

1. The Twentieth Century in an Iron Cage: Modernization and Rationalization 26

Modernization 26

Greater wealth 27

Transformed demographics 30

After and before work 31

Greater equality 33

Mobility 34

Leisure 35

Women, work and families 35

Individualism 38

Belief 39

The decline of rural life 40

Designing urban life 41

2. War and Peace: Lenin and Wilson 48

War and mobilization 49

Revolution 56

Peace-making 68

The quest for security 77

3. The 1920s: Precarious Democracy 80

Weimar democracy 81

Britain 88

France 92

Italy 94

Democracy, community and hatred 100

4. Europe and the World of the Depression 104

Society and depression 105

Germany's slide into dictatorship 112

British crisis management 119

French crises 123

Successful corporatism 125

Turkey: the strong man of Europe? 127

Failed solidarity 128

Dictatorship 135

Spain as the European hotspot 138

5. Peace and War: The Failure of the International Order in the 1930s 147

The new Germany 152

Soviet civilization? 167

Terrors compared 177

6. The Second World War 181

Blitzkrieg 182

Racial war 185

World war 192

The Nazi new order in Europe 199

The neutrals 209

The Pope and the War 212

The Anglo-American vision 217

7. The Reconstruction of Europe, Western Style: Making the 1950s 223

Ideals and Realpolitik 223

Human rights 226

Economic prosperity 230

Security risks 233

Germany: a new kind of state 236

The princess in the fairy stories: France 239

The price of Britain's goodbye to Empire 249

Italy and one-party politics 256

Small (social) democracies 260

Dictatorships 262

The modernization of Turkey 264

The modernization of the Church 265

The dynamics of growth 265

European integration 268

Europe and the United States 272

8. Yalta and Communism: The Reconstruction of Europe, Eastern Style, from the 1940s to the 1970s 277

Yalta 278

Ideals and violence 279

Coalition rule 281

Stalinism and the Zhdanov line 284

After Stalin 287

Disillusionment 292

Technology 297

Solidarnosc 298

9. A Golden Age: the 1960s 305

Chemicals and the youth culture 308

The youth revolt 310

The legacy of 1968 318

Women's rights 319

Homosexual clashes 323

10. The Limits to Growthmanship: the 1970s 327

Mediterranean instability 327

The Keynesian boom and its discontents 333

Morality and politics 338

External constraints 340

Can events be controlled after all? 345

11. Right Step: the 1980s 351

The Thatcher model 352

France's two-year experiment with socialist policies 360

German conservatism 364

The European framework 367

12. Malta and Communism: 1989 and the Restoration of Europe 371

Gorbachev 372

Jaruzelski 374

1989 375

The Soviet collapse 381

13. The Return to Europe: The New Politics and the End of the Cold War 386

Normalized demographics 387

Normalized politics 391

Non-national business 395

The politics of TINA 397

The new politics 1 Property 400

The new politics 2 Morality and foreign policy 411

The new politics 3 Corruption 421

The new politics 4 The threatened environment 427

The new politics 5 Localist nationalisms 430

Appendix 1 Populations of Major European Countries 447.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0582215331

OCLC:

52357594