Treebanks : building and using parsed corpora / edited by Anne Abeillé.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Abeillé, Anne.

Series:

Text, speech, and language technology ; v. 20.

Text, speech, and language technology ; v. 20

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Parsing (Computer grammar).

Computational linguistics.

Genre:

Conference papers and proceedings.

Physical Description:

xxvi, 405 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, [2003]

Summary:

In comparison to Husserl and Heidegger, Max Scheler's philosophy of time as first presented here, is considerably wider in scope. Using posthumous manuscripts, Frings shows that Scheler conceived the origin of time in the self-activating center of individual and universal life as threefold "absolute" time of a four-dimensional expanse. This serves as a basis for establishing the phenomenon of objective time in multiple steps of constitutionality, including the physical field theory and theory of relativity. For Scheler, objective time, even though anchored in absolute time, deserves "maximum attention" in a technological society. Frings focuses here with Scheler on time experience of values and among social groups, time experiences in the mind-set of capitalism, in politics and morals, in population dynamics, and time experiences in the process of aging, all of which were signposts in Scheler's thought before his early demise.

Contents:

1 Building Treebanks xv

2 Using treebanks xix

Part I Building treebanks

English Treebanks

Chapter 1 The Penn Treebank: An Overview / Ann Taylor, Mitchell Marcus, Beatrice Santorini 5

1 The annotation schemes 6

2 Methodology 16

Chapter 2 Thoughts on Two Decades of Drawing Trees / Geoffrey Sampson 23

1 Historical background 23

2 Building treebanks 26

3 Exploiting the SUSANNE Treebank 29

4 Small is beautiful 33

5 Annotating a spoken corpus 35

6 Using the CHRISTINE Corpus 38

Chapter 3 Bank of English and Beyond / Timo Jarvinen 43

2 Annotating 200 million words 44

3 ENGCG Syntax 52

4 FDG parser 54

Chapter 4 Completing Parsed Corpora from Correction to Evolution / Sean Wallis 61

2 Conventional post-correction 63

3 A paradigm shift: transverse correction 65

4 Critique 68

German Treebanks

Chapter 5 Syntactic Annotation of A German Newspaper Corpus / Thorsten Brants, Wojciech Skut, Hans Uszkoreit 73

2 Treebank development 74

3 Corpus annotation 77

4 Applications 83

Appendix Tagsets 87

Chapter 6 Annotation of Error Types for A German Newsgroup Corpus / Markus Becker, Andrew Bredenkamp, Berthold Crysmann, Judith Klein 89

2 Corpus Description 90

3 Annotation Strategy 91

4 Annotation Tools 93

5 Evaluation 96

6 First Results 98

Slavic Treebanks

Chapter 7 The PDT: A 3-Level Annotation Scenario / Alena Bohmova, Jan Hajic, Eva Hajicova, Barbora Hladka 103

1 The Prague Dependency Treebank 103

2 Morphological Level 104

3 Analytical Level 106

4 Merging the Morphological and the Analytical Syntactic Level 114

5 Tectogrammatical Level 114

6 PDT versions 1.0 and 2.0 121

Chapter 8 An HPSG-Annotated Test Suite for Polish / Matgorzata Marciniak, Agnieszka Mykowiecka, Adam Przepiorkowski, Anna Kupsc 129

1 Aims and design constraints 129

2 Correctness and complexity markers 130

3 Linguistic phenomena 131

4 Annotation schema 136

5 Implementation issues 137

Treebanks for Romance Languages

Chapter 9 Developing A Spanish Treebank / Antonio Moreno, Susana Lopez, Fernando Sanchez, Ralph Grishman 149

2 Data selection 150

3 Annotation scheme 151

4 Tools 157

5 Debugging and error statistics 158

6 Current state and future development 159

Appendix Sample of trees 163

Chapter 10 Building A Treebank for French / Anne Abeille, Lionel Clement, Francois Toussenel 165

1 The tagging phase 166

2 The parsing phase 173

3 Current state and future work 180

Chapter 11 Building the Italian Syntactic-Semantic Treebank / Simonetta Montemagni, Francesco Barsotti, Marco Battista, Nicoletta Calzolari, Ornella Corazzari, Alessandro Lenci, Antonio Zampolli, Francesca Fanciulli, Maria Massetani, Remo Raffaelli, Roberto Basili, Maria Teresa Pazienza, Dario Saracino, Fabio Zanzotto, Nadia Mana, Fabio Pianesi, Rodolfo Delmonte 189

2 ISST architecture 190

3 ISST corpus 191

4 ISST morpho-syntactic annotation 191

5 ISST syntactic annotation 192

6 ISST lexico-semantic annotation 196

7 The multi-level linguistic annotation tool 200

8 ISST evaluation 204

Chapter 12 Automated Creation of A Medieval Portuguese Treebank / Vitor Rocio, Mario Amado Alves, J. Gabriel Lopes, Maria Francisca Xavier, Gracia Vicente 211

2 The parsed corpus of medieval portuguese texts 212

3 Tools and computational resources 215

4 Evaluation 222

Treebanks for Other Languages

Chapter 13 Sinica Treebank / Keh-Jiann Chen, Chi-Ching Luo, Ming-Chung Chang, Feng-Yi Chen, Chao-Jan Chen, Chu-Ren Huang, Zhao-Ming Gao 231

2 Design criteria 232

3 Representation of lexico-grammatical information: ICG 233

4 Annotation guideline 235

5 Implementation 239

6 Representational issues: problematic cases and how they are solved 241

7 Current status of the sinica treebank and future work 243

Appendix Syntactic Categories 248

Chapter 14 Building A Japanese Parsed Corpus / Sadao Kurohashi, Makoto Nagao 249

2 Overview of the project 250

3 Morphological analyzer JUMAN 253

4 Dependency structure analyzer KNP 255

Chapter 15 Building A Turkish Treebank / Kemal Oflazer, Bilge Say, Dilek Zeynep Hakkani-Tur, Gokhan Tur 261

1 Turkish: Morphology and syntax 262

2 What information needs to be represented? 263

3 The annotation tool 270

4 Some difficult issues 272

Appendix Turkish Morphological Features 276

Part II Using treebanks

Chapter 16 Encoding Syntactic Annotation / Nancy Ide, Laurent Romary 281

2 XCES 283

3 Syntactic annotation: current practice 284

4 A model for syntactic annotation 286

5 Using the XCES scheme 291

Evaluation with Treebanks

Chapter 17 Parser Evaluation / John Carroll, Guido Minnen, Ted Briscoe 299

2 Grammatical relation annotation 302

3 Corpus annotation 308

4 Parser evaluation 309

Chapter 18 Dependency-Based Evaluation of Minipar / Dekang Lin 317

2 Dependency-based parser evaluation 318

3 Evaluation of minipar with susanne corpus 320

4 Selective evaluation 323

5 Related work 326

Grammar Induction with Treebanks

Chapter 19 Extracting Stochastic Grammars from Treebanks / Rens Bod 333

2 Summary of data-oriented parsing 335

3 Simulating stochastic grammars by constraining the subtree set 337

Chapter 20 Stochastic Lexicalized Tree Grammars / Gunter Neumann 351

2 Related work 352

3 Grammar extraction 353

4 SLTG from treebanks 355

5 SLTG from HPSG 359

6 Future steps: towards merging SLTGs 362

Chapter 21 From Treebank Resources to LFG F-Structures / Anette Frank, Louisa Sadler, Josef van Genabith, Andy Way 367

2 Methods for automatic f-structure annotation 370

3 Two Experiments 380

4 Discussion and Current Research 383

Appendix Example of an Automatically Generated F-Structure (Susanne Corpus) 389.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1402013345

1402013353

1402013337

OCLC:

52127831