Condensed matter physics : crystals, liquids, liquid crystals, and polymers / Gert Strobl ; translation of the original German version by Steven P. Brown.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Strobl, Gert R., 1941-

Contributor:

Class of 1924 Book Fund.

Standardized Title:

Physik kondensierter Materie. English

Language:

English

German

Subjects (All):

Condensed matter.

Physical Description:

ix, 379 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; New York : Springer, [2003]

Summary:

Derived from lectures at the University of Freiburg, this textbook introduces solid-state physics as well as the physics of liquids, liquid crystals and polymers. The five chapters deal with the key characteristics of condensed matter: structures, susceptibilities, molecular fields, currents, and dynamics. The author strives to present and explain coherently the terms and concepts associated with the main properties and characteristics of condensed matter, while minimizing attention to extraneous details. As a result, this text provides the firm and broad basis of understanding that readers require for further study and research.

Contents:

1 Structures 1

1.1 Crystals 2

1.1.1 Crystal Structures 2

1.1.2 Binding Forces and Lattice Energies 10

1.2 Liquids 17

1.2.1 When can a Liquid exist? 17

1.2.2 Local Order and the Pair Distribution Function 20

1.3 Liquid Crystals 22

1.3.1 The Nematic Liquid-Crystalline State 22

1.3.2 Orientational Order and Optical Anisotropy 28

1.4 Polymers 32

1.4.1 Chemical Structure and Chain Conformation 32

1.4.2 Polymer Melts 37

1.4.3 Solid Polymers 40

1.5 Structural Investigations Using Scattering Experiments 48

1.5.1 Interference 49

1.5.2 Scattering by Liquids 53

1.5.3 Crystal Diffraction 57

2 Moduli, Viscosities and Susceptibilities 69

2.1 Mechanical Fields 69

2.1.1 Hookian Elasticity and Newtonian Viscosity 69

2.1.2 Liquid Crystals: Frank Moduli and Miesowicz Viscosities 70

2.1.3 Polymers: Viscoelasticity 79

2.2 Electric Fields 92

2.2.1 Dielectric Susceptibility 93

2.2.2 Orientational and Distortional Polarisation 94

2.2.3 The Piezo Effect 102

2.3 Magnetic Fields 104

2.3.1 Magnetic Susceptibility 104

2.3.2 Dia- and Paramagnetism 104

2.3.3 Magnetic Resonance 109

2.4 General Properties of Susceptibilities 119

3 Molecular Fields and Critical Phase Transitions 127

3.1 The Ferroelectric State 128

3.1.1 Transition Scenarios 128

3.1.2 The Landau Theory of Critical and Nearly-Critical Phase Transitions 132

3.2 The Ferromagnetic State 136

3.2.1 Weiss Domains 137

3.2.2 Exchange Force Fields 140

3.3 The Nematic Liquid-Crystalline State 143

3.3.1 The Landau-de Gennes Expansion 144

3.3.2 The Maier-Saupe Theory 146

3.4 Phase Separation in Binary Polymer Melts 148

3.4.1 Binodals and Critical Concentrations 149

3.4.2 Flory-Huggins Theory 154

3.4.3 Spinodal Decomposition 160

4 Charges and Currents 165

4.1 Metallic Electrons 166

4.1.1 The Classical Drude Model 166

4.1.2 The Fermi Gas Model 170

4.2 Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors 186

4.2.1 Electrons in a Periodic Crystal Field 187

4.2.2 Electron- and Hole-Conduction 196

4.3 Magnetic Field Effects 211

4.3.1 Cyclotron Resonance 211

4.3.2 The Hall Effect 214

4.3.3 Magnetisation Oscillations 215

4.4 Superconductivity 221

4.4.1 Meissner Effect and Energy Gap 221

4.4.2 Cooper Pairs. The Ginzburg-Landau Wavefunction 226

4.4.3 The Critical Magnetic Field. Type II Superconductors 233

4.5 Ionic Conduction in Electrolyte Systems 239

4.5.1 The Cell Voltage and the Gibbs Reaction Free Energy 242

4.5.2 Debye-Huckel Theory and Ion Mobility 246

5 Microscopic Dynamics 259

5.1 Crystals: Propagating Waves 260

5.1.1 Lattice Vibrations 260

5.1.2 Spin Waves 273

5.1.3 Excitons 281

5.2 Liquids: Diffusive Motion 290

5.2.1 Diffusion Coefficients 290

5.2.2 Mobility and the Einstein Relation 293

5.3 Liquid Crystals: Orientational Fluctuations 295

5.3.1 Splay, Twist and Bend Modes 296

5.3.2 Equilibrium Nematodynamics 298

5.4 Polymer Melts: Chain Dynamics 302

5.4.1 Rubber-Elastic Forces and the Rouse Model 302

5.4.2 Entanglement Effects and the Tube Model 309

5.5 Time-Resolved Scattering Experiments 314

5.5.1 Time- and Frequency-Dependent Structure Factors 314

5.5.2 Dynamic Light Scattering in Liquids 319

5.5.3 Inelastic Neutron Scattering in Crystals 325

A Thermodynamic Potentials 335.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [371]-372) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Class of 1924 Book Fund.

ISBN:

3540003533

OCLC:

52799242