MC68HC11, an introduction : software and hardware interfacing / Han-Way Huang.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Huang, Han-Way.

Contributor:

Rosengarten Family Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Digital control systems.

Electronic controllers.

Physical Description:

xviii, 798 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Albany, N.Y. : Delmar, 2001.

Summary:

Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "a demo version of C compiler, shareware, and program examples ..." p. [4] of cover.

Contents:

1.2 What is a Computer? 2

1.2.1 The Processor 2

1.2.2 Memory 5

1.3 The Computer's Software 8

1.4 The 68HC11 CPU Registers 10

1.5 Memory Addressing 12

1.6 The 68HC11 Addressing Modes 13

1.6.1 Immediate (IMM) 14

1.6.2 Direct Mode (DIR) 14

1.6.3 Extended Mode (EXT) 15

1.6.4 Indexed Mode (INDX, INDY) 15

1.6.5 Inherent Mode (INH) 16

1.6.6 Relative Mode (REL) 16

1.7 A Sample of 68HC11 Instructions 17

1.7.1 The LOAD Instruction 17

1.7.2 The ADD Instruction 19

1.7.3 The SUB Instruction 21

1.7.4 The STORE Instruction 22

1.8 The 68HC11 Machine Code 24

1.8.1 A Machine Code Sequence 24

1.8.2 Decoding Machine Language Instructions 25

1.8.3 The Instruction Execution Cycle 27

1.8.4 Instruction Timing 31

Chapter 2 68HC11 Assembly Programming 37

2.3 Assembly Language Program Structure 38

2.3.1 The Global View of a 68HC11 Assembly Program 40

2.3.2 The Local View of a 68HC11 Assembly Program 40

2.4 A Sample of Assembler Directives 43

2.5 Flowcharts 46

2.6 Writing Programs to Do Arithmetic 47

2.6.1 The Carry/Borrow Flag 49

2.6.2 Multiprecision Addition 50

2.6.3 Subtraction and the C Flag 52

2.6.4 Multiprecision Subtraction 52

2.6.5 Binary-Coded Decimal Addition 54

2.6.6 Multiplication and Division 56

2.7 Program Loops 61

2.7.1 The Condition Code Register 63

2.7.2 Conditional Branch Instructions 64

2.7.3 Decrementing and Incrementing Instructions 66

2.7.4 Compare Instructions 67

2.7.5 Special Conditional Branch Instructions 70

2.7.6 Instructions for Variable Initialization 72

2.8 Shift and Rotate Instructions 72

2.9 Program Execution Time 80

2.10 68HC11 Development Tools 83

2.10.1 Software Tools 83

2.10.2 68HC11 Evaluation Boards 88

Chapter 3 Data Structures and Subroutine Calls 113

3.3 The Stack 114

3.4 Indexable Data Structures 118

3.5 Strings 125

3.6 Subroutines 131

3.7 Subroutine Call and Return 131

3.8 Issues in Subroutine Calls 133

3.9 The Stack Frame 135

3.10 Examples of Subroutine Calls 138

3.10.1 Using Registers to Pass Parameters 138

3.10.2 Using the Stack to Pass Parameters 141

3.11 Input and Output Routines 153

Chapter 4 C Language Programming 163

4.2 Introduction to C 164

4.3 Types, Operators, and Expressions 165

4.3.1 Data Types 165

4.3.2 Declarations 165

4.3.3 Constants 166

4.3.4 Arithmetic Operators 166

4.3.5 Bitwise Operators 167

4.3.6 Relational and Logical Operators 168

4.4 Control Flow 168

4.4.1 If-Else Statement 169

4.4.2 Multiway Conditional Statement 169

4.4.3 Switch Statement 169

4.4.4 For-Loop Statement 170

4.4.5 While Statement 171

4.4.6 Do-While Statement 171

4.5 Input and Output 171

4.6 Functions and Program Structure 173

4.7 Pointers and Arrays 175

4.7.1 Pointers and Addresses 175

4.7.2 Arrays 177

4.7.3 Pointers and Arrays 177

4.7.4 Passing Arrays to a Function 178

4.8 Miscellaneous Items 179

4.8.1 External Variables 179

4.8.2 Scope Rules 179

4.9 Using the ImageCraft C Compiler (ICC11) 180

4.10 Adjust the ImageCraft C Compiler 192

Chapter 5 Operation Modes and Memory Expansion 199

5.3 A Summary of 68HC11 Signal Pins 200

5.4 68HC11 Operation Modes 200

5.4.1 Single Chip Mode 200

5.4.2 Expanded Mode 202

5.4.3 Special Bootstrap Mode 202

5.4.4 Special Test Mode 202

5.4.5 Setting the Operation Mode 202

5.5 Memory Technology Overview 203

5.5.1 Memory Component Types 203

5.5.2 Memory Capacity and Organization 204

5.5.3 Memory Addressing 205

5.6 External Memory Expansion for 68HC11 206

5.6.1 Memory Space Assignment 206

5.6.2 Address Decoding Methods 210

5.7 Bus Cycles 214

5.7.1 Conventions of Timing Diagrams 215

5.7.2 The 68HC11 Bus Cycle Timing Diagram 217

5.7.3 Adding External Memory to the 68HC11 219

5.8 Programming 68HC711E9 Devices with PCbug11 and 68HC11EVBU 234

Chapter 6 Interrupts and Resets 241

6.2 Basics of Interrupts 242

6.2.1 What is an Interrupt? 242

6.2.2 Why are Interrupts Used? 242

6.2.3 Interrupt Maskability 243

6.2.4 Interrupt Priority 243

6.2.5 Interrupt Service 243

6.2.6 Interrupt Vector 244

6.2.7 Interrupt Programming 245

6.2.8 Overhead of Interrupts 246

6.3 Resets 248

6.4 68HC11 Interrupts 248

6.4.1 68HC11 Interrupt Handling Procedure 250

6.4.2 Priority Structure of the 68HC11 Maskable Interrupts 251

6.4.3 Nonmaskable Interrupts 253

6.5 Low-Power Modes 255

6.5.1 The WAIT Instruction 255

6.5.2 The STOP Instruction 256

6.6 The 68HC11 Resets 256

6.6.1 External Reset Pin 256

6.6.2 Power-On Reset 257

6.6.3 CPU after Reset 257

6.6.4 Establishing Mode of Operation 257

6.6.5 Computer Operating Properly (COP) Watchdog Timer Reset 258

6.6.6 Clock Monitor Reset 259

6.7 68HC11 Interrupt Programming 259

6.7.1 Writing the Interrupt Service Routine 260

6.7.2 Set Up Interrupt Vector Table 260

6.7.3 Enable Interrupts 263

Chapter 7 Parallel I/O Ports 269

7.2 Basic I/O Concepts 270

7.3 I/O Addressing 271

7.4 I/O Transfer Synchronization 272

7.4.1 Synchronizing the Microprocessor and Interface Chip 273

7.4.2 Synchronizing the Interface Chip and I/O Device 274

7.5 68HC11 Parallel I/O Overview 277

7.5.1 Bidirectional I/O (Ports C and D) 277

7.5.2 Fixed Direction I/O (Ports A, B, and E) 278

7.5.3 Port Registers and I/O Operation 278

7.6 68HC11 Strobed I/O 280

7.6.1 Strobed Input Port C 282

7.6.2 Strobed Output Port B 282

7.7 Port C Handshake I/O 283

7.7.1 Port C Input Handshake Protocol 283

7.7.2 Port C Output Handshake Protocol 284

7.8 Simple Input Devices 286

7.9 Interfacing Parallel Ports to the Keyboard 287

7.9.1 Keyboard Scanning Techniques 288

7.9.2 Keyboard Debouncing 290

7.9.3 ASCII Code Table Lookup 293

7.10 Interfacing 68HC11 to a Keypad 294

7.11 Simple Output Devices 298

7.11.1 A Single LED 298

7.11.2 The Seven-Segment Display 300

7.11.3 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) 307

7.11.4 The Optrex DMC-20434 LCD Kit 308

7.11.5 Interfacing with a D/A Converter Using the 68HC11 Output Ports 314

7.12 Centronics Printer Interface 319

7.13 The i8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface 325

7.13.1 Operation of the i8255 326

7.13.2 i8255 Operation Modes 327

Chapter 8 68HC11 Timer Functions 341

8.3 Free-Running Main Timer 343

8.4 Input-Capture Functions 346

8.5 Applications of the Input-Capture Function 349

8.6 Output-Compare Functions 363

8.6.1 Operation of the Output-Compare Function 364

8.6.2 Applications of the Output-Compare Function 366

8.7 Use OC1 to Control Multiple Output-Compare Functions 373

8.8 Forced Output-Compare 380

8.9 Real-Time Interrupt (RTI) 382

8.10 Pulse Accumulator 385

8.10.1 Pulse Accumulator-Related Registers 386

8.10.2 Pulse Accumulator Applications 387

Chapter 9 68HC11 Serial Communication Interface 401

9.3 RS232 Standard 403

9.3.1 EIA-232-E Electrical Specification 404

9.3.2 EIA-232-E Functional Specification 404

9.3.3 EIA-232-E Mechanical Specification 405

9.3.4 EIA-232-E Procedural Specification 406

9.3.5 Data Transmission Errors 411

9.3.6 The Null Modem Connection 411

9.4 The 68HC11 Serial Communication Interface (SCI) 412

9.4.1 Data Format 412

9.4.2 Wake-Up Feature 412

9.4.3 Start Bit Detection 413

9.4.4 Determining the Logic Value of Data Bits 413

9.4.5 Receive the Stop Bit 414

9.4.6 Receive Errors 414

9.4.7 The Receive Process of a Character 414

9.4.8 The Transmitting Process of a Character 414

9.4.9 SCI Registers 415

9.5 SCI Interfacing 419

9.6 Serial Communication Support Chips 425

9.7 The MC6850 ACIA 425

9.7.1 ACIA Registers 426

9.7.2 The ACIA Operation 429

9.7.3 The Bus Timing of ACIA 431

9.7.4 Interfacing an ACIA to the 68HC11 431

9.7.5 Configuring the ACIA 438

9.7.6 A Terminal I/O Package for ACIA 439

Chapter 10 68HC11 Serial Peripheral Interface 453

10.3 Signal Pins 454

10.4 SPI-Related Registers 455

10.4.1 Serial Peripheral Control Register (SPCR) 455

10.4.2 Serial Peripheral Status Register (SPSR) 457

10.4.3 Port D Data Direction Register (DDRD) 458

10.5 SPI Operation 459

10.5.1 SPI Circuit Connection 460

10.5.2 SPI Data Transfer 460

10.5.3 Simulating the SPI 464

10.6 SPI-Compatible Peripheral Chips 464

10.7 Interfacing the HC589 to SPI 465

10.7.1 HC589 Pins 466

10.7.2 Circuit Connection of HC589 and the SPI 466

10.8 Interfacing the HC595 to SPI 470

10.8.1 HC595 Pins 471

10.8.2 Circuit Connection of HC595 and the SPI 472

10.9 Interfacing the MC14489 to SPI 475

10.9.1 The Signal Pins of the MC14489 475

10.9.2 Operation of the MC14489 478

10.9.3 Cascading the MC14489s 482

10.10 Interfacing LCDs with SPI 486

10.10.1 MC145000 and MC145001 LCD Drivers 488

10.10.2 Interfacing the MC145000 and MC145001 to the 68HC11 495

10.11 The MC68HC68T1 Real Time Clock with Serial Interface 501

10.11.1 MC68HC68T1 Signal Pins 501

10.11.2 On-Chip RAM and Registers 503

10.11.3 The MC68HC68T1 Operation and Interfacing the 68HC68TI to the 68HC11 508

10.11.4 Power Control 520

10.11.5 Watchdog Function 521

Chapter 11 Analog-to-Digital Converter 525

11.3 Successive Approximation Method 527

11.4 Signal Conditioning Circuits 528

11.4.1 Optimal Voltage Range for the A/D Converter 528

11.4.2 Voltage Scaling Circuit 529

11.4.3 Voltage Shifting and Scaling Circuit 530

11.5 An Overview of the 68HC11 A/D Converter 532

11.6 A/D System Options 533

11.7 The Clock Frequency Issue 533

11.8 A/D System Registers 534

11.8.1 A/D Result Registers 1, 2, 3 and 4 (ADR1, ADR2, ADR3, and ADR4) 534

11.8.2 A/D Control/Status Register 534

11.8.3 OPTION Register 536

11.9 Procedure for Using the A/D System 536

11.10 Measuring the Temperature 543

11.11 Measuring the Humidity 550

11.12 Processing the A/D Results 558

11.13 Using the External A/D Converter MAX1241 563

11.13.1 MAX1241 Signal Pins 563

11.13.2 Chip Functioning 564

11.13.3 Timing and Control 565

11.13.4 Interfacing the MAX1241 with the 68HC11 566.

Notes:

Includes glossary and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Rosengarten Family Fund.

ISBN:

0766816001

OCLC:

43434696