France, 1814-1940 / J.P.T. Bury.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Bury, J. P. T. (John Patrick Tuer), 1908-1987.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

France--History--19th century.

France.

History.

France--History--20th century.

Physical Description:

xx, 337 pages : maps ; 22 cm

Edition:

Sixth edition / introduced by Robert Tombs.

Place of Publication:

London ; New York : Routledge, 2003.

Summary:

The history of nineteenth and early twentieth-century France has often seemed complex and confusing. "France, 1814-1940" has a long-established reputation as a clear, accessible and authoritative account of this fascinating period. It describes the characteristics of France's different regimes and their leading personalities and explains why during these years the people of France had to endure so many revolutions, wars and crises. The book introduces social and economic change as well as cultural developments and French overseas expansion. This celebrated classic now includes a new introduction by Robert Tombs.

Contents:

1 The First Restoration and the Hundred Days 1

The accession of Louis XVIII

The first Treaty of Paris

The Charter of 1814

The difficulties of the Bourbon Government

Napoleon's return from Elba

The second Treaty of Paris

2 France in 1815 10

The wealth and variety of France

The state of society: nobility, clergy, bourgeoisie, peasants and workers

Education

Preoccupations of the mass of Frenchmen

3 The Second Restoration 18

'La Chambre introuvable'

Constitutional problems and parties

The Army and the Press

Assassination of the Duc de Berry and return to power of the Ultra Royalists

Foreign policy

Death of Louis XVIII

4 The reign of Charles X 33

Character of the new King

Growth of clerical influence

Unpopularity of Villele and fall of his ministry

Short-lived Martignac cabinet

Constitutional crisis of 1830

The July Ordinances

The July Revolution

Material and intellectual achievements of the Restoration

Success of Bourbon foreign policy

5 The July Monarchy 45

Proclamation of Louis-Philippe

His character

Revision of the Charter and other reforms

Effervescence after the Revolution

Parties of Movement and Resistance

The Government between two fires

Problems created by the Industrial Revolution

The Lyons insurrection of 1831 and other disorders

Foreign affairs; Belgium, Italy, and the Eastern Question

Algeria

Conservatism of the regime

Growing criticism

Economic crisis

Setbacks in foreign policy

Agitation for extension of the franchise

The Revolution of February 1848

Material and intellectual achievements during the reign

6 The Second Republic 71

Hopes and fears after the February Revolution

The Provisional Republican Government and its reforms

Election of a Constituent Assembly by universal suffrage

The right to work

The June Days

The new Constitution

Election of Louis Napoleon as President of the Republic

The Loi Falloux

Conflict between the Prince

President and the Legislative Assembly

Coup d'etat of December 1851

7 The Second Empire 87

Louis Napoleon the saviour of society

Authoritarian character of the new regime

Early prosperity and prestige of the Second Empire

Napoleon's character

The Crimean War

The Italian Question

The turning point of 1860: commercial treaties and Liberal reforms

Napoleon and the German question

Overseas ventures

The Mexican expedition

The Parliamentary Empire

Strength and weakness of the regime in 1870

Outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War

Sedan and the Revolution of September 4

Economic importance of the reign

Cultural developments

8 The Franco-Prussian war and the Commune 118

The Government of National Defence

The siege of Paris and the Delegation at Tours

Gambetta and the war in the provinces

Fall of Paris

Significance of France's resistance

Election of a National Assembly

The Treaty of Frankfurt

The Commune, its origin, repression and consequences

9 The establishment of the Third Republic 135

Changed situation of France in Europe

Reconstruction

Prospects of a restoration of monarchy

M. Thiers

The reign of 'Moral Order'

MacMahon's term of office prolonged

The 'Constitution of 1875'

The constitutional crisis of 1877

10 The Republic of the Republicans 150

The Republicans' triumph

Their consolidation of victory

Ferry's education laws and the relations of Church and State

The two Frances

Gambetta

Colonial expansion and the fall of Ferry

11 The years of crisis and scandal 166

Economic and social discontent

Defects of the parliamentary Republic

Boulangism and its consequences

The Ralliement

The Franco-Russian alliance

The Panama Scandal and its effects

The Dreyfus Affair and its significance

12 The Republic of the Radicals 191

The Waldeck-Rousseau cabinet

Anti-clericalism and the separation of Church and State

Friendship with Italy and entente with England

Social disturbances

Defects of the regime

The Moroccan Question

National security and military service

13 France in 1914 217

The population question

Industrial progress

France still predominantly agricultural

Improvement in standards of living

Influence of the bourgeoisie

Cultural achievements

The French Empire

Prosperity of the people and poverty of the State

14 The Great War of 1914-18 228

Outbreak of the war

French unity

The Marne

Problems of a long war

Extension of Government controls

The manpower question

Relations between the Government and Chambers and the High Command

Failure of Nivelle's offensive and its consequences

Critical situation in autumn of 1917

Clemenceau takes over

Victory and its cost

15 From victory to the economic slump of 1929 247

Versailles and the Franco-German problem

Changes in balance of power

Reconstruction problems

Beginnings of Communism

The 'Chambre Bleu Horizon'

The Ruhr question

Policy of the Cartel

Poincare to the rescue

Social changes

16 Catastrophe 264

The economic crisis

Ministerial instability and political unrest

The crisis of February, 1934

Policy of the Doumergue cabinet

Foreign affairs

Victory of the Front Populaire and its consequences

Ideological cleavages

Munich and after

The 'phoney war'

The debacle

End of the Third Republic

1 The Houses of Bourbon and Bourbon-Orleans 290

2 The Presidents of the Third Republic 292

3 The Charter of 1814 293

4 Declaration of Chamber of Deputies and clauses from Charter of 1830 298

5 The Constitution of 1848 302

6 The Constitution of 1852 313

7 The 'Constitution' of 1875 318.

Notes:

Previous ed.: London: Methuen, 1985.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0415316006

OCLC:

54979329