Human development report. 2003, Millennium development goals : a compact among nations to end human poverty.

Format:

Other

Contributor:

UNDP.

Language:

English

French

Physical Description:

xv, 367 pages : graphs, maps, tables

Other Title:

HDR 2003 : MDGs : a compact among nations to end human poverty.

Place of Publication:

New York : UNDP : Oxford University Press, 2003.

Summary:

In an unprecedented display of international commitment to improve the lives of poor people everywhere, the 189 members of the United Nations issued the Millennium Declaration at the Millennium Summit in 2000. The world's leaders directed the United Nations to produce a road map for achieving the Declaration's goals by 2015 -- leading to the eight Millennium Development Goals and their 18 targets. Intended to keep the world on course and on time, the Goals and their targets are feasible benchmarks covering the essential conditions for human development. At the International Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey in 2002, rich and poor countries struck a "global deal" to provide financing for development in return for sound governance and economic practice. Examining the successes and failures of development over the last decade, Human Development Report 2003 presents a bold action plan for reaching the Goals: the Millennium Development Compact. It makes the case for action in six policy areas for the countries where progress must be accelerated to reach the Goals. It argues for a big step up in resources to ensure that these countries meet the Goals, an increase within the scope of what donor countries have pledged on several occasions -- but not lived up to. Human Development Report 2003 concludes that developing countries must take the political and economic lead in reaching the Goals and upholding commitments to democratic governance. But they are not alone in this effort. Poverty is the world's problem.

Contents:

The Millennium Development Compact 15

Giving priority to countries left behind 15

Critical thresholds for escaping poverty traps 17

Policy clusters for escaping poverty traps 18

Implementing the Millennium Development Compact 20

Chapter 1 The Millennium Development Goals 27

An agenda for accelerating human development 27

Origin, evolution and followup 29

Do global goals make a difference? 29

Addressing the critics 30

Global goals must be country owned 30

Chapter 2 Priority challenges in meeting the Goals 33

Stark contrasts between and within regions 34

Human development reversals in the 1990s 40

Struggles to achieve the Goals 43

Good performance by some of the poorest countries 45

Widening gaps within countries: who is being left behind? 46

Chapter 3 Overcoming structural barriers to growth

to achieve the Goals 67

From human development to economic growth

and back 68

Recent patterns

and problems

of global economic growth 70

Structural challenges of unfavourable geography, small markets and high trading costs 71

Good policies, economic growth and human development 74

Weak policies, economic decline and human poverty 75

Escaping poverty traps 76

Growth policies that benefit poor people 78

Chapter 4 Public policies to improve people's health and education 85

Achieving the hunger Goal 87

Achieving the education Goals 92

Achieving the health Goals 97

Achieving the water and sanitation Goals 103

Cross-cutting priorities 107

Chapter 5 Private finance and provision of health, education and water 111

Why has private provision increased in poor countries? 111

Health 112

Education 114

Water and sanitation 116

Promising approaches 117

Chapter 6 Public policies to ensure environmental sustainability 123

Environmental resources 125

Policy responses 126

Chapter 7 Mobilizing grass-roots support for the Goals 133

Decentralization

its rise, its role, its requirements 134

Social movements and innovations in popular participation 140

Chapter 8 Policy, not charity: what rich countries can do to help achieve the Goals 145

Aid

more and more effective 146

Debt relief

faster and deeper 152

Trade

opening markets, reducing subsidies 154

Global technology

sharing the fruits of global knowledge 157

Living up to the commitments of the Millennium Declaration: policy, not charity 160

Special Contribution: Poverty, globalization and growth: perspectives on some of the statistical links / Joseph E. Stiglitz 80

1.1 The Millennium Development Goals, human development and human rights share a common motivation 28

1.2 Do global goals make a difference? 31

2.1 Building statistical capacity

unprecedented demand, urgent opportunity 35

2.2 What is happening with global income inequality? Grotesque levels, ambiguous trends 39

2.3 Measuring income poverty: where to draw the line? 42

2.4 Struggling to meet the Goals

defining top priority and high priority countries 44

2.5 Violent conflict and the Goals 45

2.6 Great leaps forward are possible in years

not decades 46

2.7 Disaggregated data within countries: national human development reports 47

2.8 Conflicts within countries 48

3.1 Growth needed to halve income poverty 67

3.2 Bangladesh

large and inland, with access to the coast 71

3.3 Challenges in the Andean region 72

3.4 China and India

impressive growth, important differences 73

3.5 The Millennium Development Goals and conflict countries 77

3.6 What's needed to make the Millennium Development Compact work in Uganda 79

4.1 Women's capabilities and agency

key to achieving the Millennium Development Goals 86

4.2 Policy lessons from high-achieving countries in health and education 87

4.3 Increasing soil fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa 91

4.4 Farm policies and food security 92

4.5 Military spending or education? The inconsistencies of government action 93

4.6 Thailand's success in preventing HIV/AIDS 98

4.7 Policy priorities and technical interventions 99

4.8 Integrating vertical programmes into working health systems 102

4.9 Ensuring essential medicines for all

success in Bhutan 103

4.10 Affordable sanitation in India 105

4.11 South Africa and the "right" to water 106

5.1 Social services and the General Agreement on Trade in Services 112

5.2 User fees in South Africa and Bolivia 117

5.3 Successful state-run water systems 118

5.4 Metropolitan Manila and Buenos Aires: mixed record of experience with water privatization 119

5.5 The Bamako Initiative: pooling community resources for health care 120

6.1 How global climate change threatens developing countries 124

6.2 Improving the lives of slum dwellers 127

6.3 Involving local residents in conservation in Guanacaste, Costa Rica 128

6.4 Promoting equity and the environment

a creative fiscal example from Brazil 128

6.5 Global fisheries

getting sunk by subsidies 129

6.6 Felling forests

with subsidies 129

6.7 Policy responses to climate change 130

7.1 Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

education policies that deliver results 135

7.2 Mutual pressures for accountability

between local governments and civil society

strengthen governance in Ceara, Brazil 137

7.3 Decentralization helps increase equity in Kerala, India 138

7.4 Does decentralization help reduce poverty? 141

8.1 Millennium Development Goal 8 145

8.2 Official development assistance: the 0.7% target 146

8.3 New financing for the Goals 147

8.4 Making government-led partnerships work in Tanzania 149

8.5 Refocusing technical cooperation on capacity development 151

8.6 What is the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative? 152

8.7 A proposal for restructuring debt to reach the Goals 154

8.8 The long international reach of domestic subsidies 156

8.9 The Doha gamble for Africa's cotton exporters 157

8.10 The commitment to development index 161

2.1 Countries that saw a drop in the human development index, 1980s and 1990s 40

2.2 Economic growth and income poverty: strong links 41

2.3 Changes in the share and number of people living on $1 a day have been uneven 41

2.4 Big countries face big threats from HIV/AIDS by 2025, even with a moderate epidemic 43

2.5 Child mortality rates: changes in levels and in wealth gaps, selected countries, 1980s and 1990s 49

5.1 Investments in water and sanitation projects involving private participation, various countries, 1990-94 and 1995-2000 116

6.1 Why reaching the environmental Goal is so important for the other Goals 125

8.1 Net receipts of official development assistance by region, 1990 and 2001 147

8.2 Trade: exploiting the opportunities

or not 154

8.3 Post-Uruguay Round tariffs and reductions in selected countries and groups 155

8.4 Rich country responsibilities 160

2.1 Timeline: when will the MDGs be achieved if progress does not accelerate? 33

2.2 Comparing child mortality for OECD countries and developing regions 38

2.3 Human development setbacks 40

2.4 Fast growth is the exception

with populous countries doing well 40

2.5 Growth and income poverty links: not automatic 41

2.6 HIV/AIDS cases have skyrocketed 43

2.7 Loss of life expectancy due to HIV/AIDS 43

3.1 Per capita income and income poverty, 1990s 68

3.2 Human development and incomes 69

3.3 From human development to growth

and back 70

4.1 Educated girls lead different lives 85

4.2 Food insecurity increases 88

4.3 High household costs lead to lower primary enrolment 95

4.4 A large share of aid for health goes to basic services 101

4.5 Many urban households lack water and sanitation 104

6.1 Higher petrol consumption is associated with lower prices in OECD countries, 2001 126

8.1 Aid

what's needed, what's given? 146

8.2 Official development assistance (ODA) in decline 146

8.3 Official development assistance, net disbursements 147

8.4 For the poorest: caught between falling aid and level debt 152

8.5 Spending

shifts from debt service to human development in 10 countries benefitting from HIPC debt relief 153

8.6 Cows and cotton receive more aid than people, 2000 155

8.7 OECD agricultural subsidies dwarf aid, 2001 156

8.8 Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) reduces child mortality despite income stagnation 158

2.1 Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals 51

2.2 Measuring human development: the human development indices 60

2.3 Widening gaps within countries

between areas and groups 62

Map 1 Geographic distribution of income in China, 2000 62

Table 1 Illiteracy rates in Brazil by region, ages 15 and older, 1990 and 2001 62

Map 2 Adult literacy in Mexico, 2000 63

Map 3 Human development index in the Philippines, 1994 63

Table 2 Infant mortality rates in India by state and region, 1990s 64

Map 4 Maternal mortality in Guatemala, 1997 64

Map 5 Human development index in Russian regions, 2000 65

3.1 Development challenges

through the lens of geography 83

Map 1 Classification of countries by economic structure, 1995 83

Map 2 Country classification by average annual growth in GDP per capita, 1990 83

Table 1 Economic growth rates by country group, 1980-98 83

Table 2 Economic growth rates by population size and location, 1980-98 84

Note on statistics in the Human Development Report 190

Millennium Development Goal Indicators

Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education 198

Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women 203

Goal 4 Reduce child mortality

Goal 5 Improve maternal health 208

Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 213

Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability: land and air 218

Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability: water and sanitation 223

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development: development assistance and market access 228

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development: landlocked countries and small island developing states 229

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development: debt sustainability 231

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development: work opportunities, access to drugs and access to new technologies 232

Human Development Indicators

Monitoring Human Development: Enlarging People's Choices...

1 Human development index 237

2 Human development index trends 241

3 Human and income poverty: developing countries 245

4 Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central & Eastern Europe & CIS 248

... To Lead a Long and Healthy Life...

5 Demographic trends 250

6 Commitment to health: access, services and resources 254

7 Leading global health crises and challenges 258

8 Survival: progress and setbacks 262

... To Acquire Knowledge ...

9 Commitment to education: public spending 266

10 Literacy and enrolment 270

11 Technology: diffusion and creation 274

... To Have Access to the Resources Needed for a Decent Standard of Living...

12 Economic performance 278

13 Inequality in income or consumption 282

14 The structure of trade 286

15 Flows of aid from DAC member countries 290

16 Flows of aid, private capital and debt 291

17 Priorities in public spending 295

18 Unemployment in OECD countries 299

... While Preserving It for Future Generations ...

19 Energy and the environment 300

... Protecting Personal Security ...

20 Refugees and armaments 304

21 Victims of crime 308

... And Achieving Equality for All Women and Men

22 Gender-related development index 310

23 Gender empowerment measure 314

24 Gender inequality in education 318

25 Gender inequality in economic activity 322

26 Gender, work burden and time allocation 326

27 Women's political participation 327

Human and Labour Rights Instruments

28 Status of major international human rights instruments 331

29 Status of fundamental labour rights conventions 335

30 Basic indicators for other UN member countries 339

1 Calculating the human development indices 340

2 Identifying top priority and high priority countries in the Millennium Development Goals 347

Classification of countries 361.

Notes:

Erroneous ISBN on English ed.: 0195219155.

Spine title: HDR 2003 : MDGs : a compact among nations to end human poverty.

French ed. published: Paris : Economica, 2003.

Indicator tables: p. [187]-367.

Includes bibliographical references: p. 169-186.

UN Sales no. not printed.

Available also online at UNDP website.

UN sales no.: 03.III.B.1.

Material type: Sales publications (UN).

Material type: Reports/studies.

ISBN:

0195219880

OCLC:

52936992

Access Restriction:

Distribution: General (not for deposit).