The worldwide history of telecommunications / Anton A. Huurdeman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Huurdeman, Anton A.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Telecommunication--History.

Telecommunication.

History.

Physical Description:

xx, 638 pages : illustrations, maps ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, N.J. : J. Wiley, [2003]

Summary:

We live in an information age and this book details how we got there. Telecommunications represents the largest industry on earth. Encompassing fiberoptic cable communications, satellites, wireless phones, the Internet, and more, the rise and fall of these companies effect the global economy on a massive scale. This is the first comprehensive, worldwide history ever of telecommunications, beginning with the signaling methods employed in antiquity all the way to today's digital era.

Contents:

Part I Introduction and Period Before 1800 1

1.2 Telecommunications Tree 7

1.3 Major Creators of Telecommunications 11

2 Evolution of Telecommunications Up to 1800 14

2.1 Evolution of Telecommunications Prior to 1750 14

2.2 Evolution of Telecommunications from 1750 to 1800 16

3 Optical Telegraphy 18

3.1 Tachygraphe of Claude Chappe 18

3.2 Optical Telegraph of Claude Chappe 20

3.3 Beginning of Optical Telegraphy 24

Part II Period from 1800 to 1850 27

4 Evolution of Telecommunications from 1800 to 1850 29

5 Optical Telegraph Systems Worldwide 34

5.1 Optical Telegraph Systems in France 34

5.1.1 Chappe Systems 34

5.1.2 Other Optical Telegraph Systems in France 37

5.2 Optical Telegraphy Outside France 45

6 Electrical Telegraphy 48

6.1 Evolution Leading to Electrical Telegraphy 48

6.2 Electrical Telegraphy in the United States 55

6.2.1 Morse Telegraph 55

6.2.2 Washington-Baltimore Electrical Telegraph Line 59

6.2.3 Pioneering Telegraph Companies 61

6.2.4 House Direct Printing Telegraph Systems 65

6.3 Electrical Telegraphy in Canada 66

6.4 Electrical Telegraphy in Great Britain 66

6.4.1 Electrical Telegraphs of Cooke and Wheatstone 66

6.4.2 Electrochemical Telegraph of Bain 72

6.5 Electrical Telegraphy in France 72

6.6 Electrical Telegraphy in Germany 74

6.6.1 Railway Telegraph Lines in Germany 74

6.6.2 German Electrical Telegraph Equipment for Public Use 76

6.7 Electrical Telegraphy in Austria 83

Part III Period from 1850 to 1900 85

7 Evolution of Telecommunications from 1850 to 1900 87

8 Electrical Telegraph Systems Worldwide 91

8.1 Telegraph Transmission Technology 91

8.1.1 Open-Wire Lines 91

8.1.2 Underground Cable 94

8.1.3 Submarine Cable 95

8.2 Electrical Telegraph Lines in the United States 98

8.2.1 Western Union 98

8.2.2 The Pony Express 98

8.2.3 First Transcontinental Telegraph Line 99

8.2.4 Collins Overland Telegraph Line and the Purchase of Alaska 100

8.2.5 The Hughes Direct Letter Printing Telegraph 103

8.3 Electrical Telegraph Lines in Canada 104

8.4 Electrical Telegraph Lines in Great Britain 106

8.5 Summary of National Electrical Telegraph Achievements 107

8.6 Major Terrestrial Telegraph Lines 119

8.6.1 Australian Overland Telegraph Line 119

8.6.2 Indo-European Telegraph Line 124

8.6.3 Great Northern Telegraph Line 128

8.6.4 Central American Telegraph Line 128

8.7 Submarine Telegraph Cables 129

8.7.1 European Submarine Cables 129

8.7.2 Transatlantic Telegraph Cables 130

8.7.3 Submarine Telegraph Cables Connecting Europe Worldwide 135

8.7.4 Inter-American Submarine Telegraph Cables 138

8.8 Worldwide Electrical Telegraph Network 139

8.9 Morse, the Father of Electrical Telegraphy 141

8.10 Morse Codes 143

8.11 Morse Telegraphers 145

9 Image Telegraphy 147

9.1 Facsimile Device of Bain 147

9.2 Image Telegraph of Bakewell 148

9.3 Pantelegraph of Caselli 149

9.4 Autographic Telegraph of Bernhard Meyer 151

9.5 Telautograph of Elisha Gray 151

10 Telephony 153

10.1 Evolution Leading to Telephony 153

10.2 The Telephone of Alexander Graham Bell 156

10.2.1 Alexander Graham Bell, the Father of Telephony 156

10.2.2 Early Days of Bell in Great Britain 159

10.2.3 Bell's Telephone Experiments in the United States 159

10.2.4 Bell's Telephone: "It DOES Speak" 163

10.2.5 Bell Telephone Company 165

10.2.6 Bell's Honeymoon Trip to Europe 167

10.2.7 Telephone Developments in Sweden 174

10.2.8 Biggest Patent Battle on Telecommunications 176

10.2.9 Battle of David Against Goliath 178

10.2.10 Pioneers Leave the Telephone Business 179

10.3 Companies with Common Bell Roots 180

10.4 Worldwide Introduction of Telephony 181

10.5 International Telephony 181

10.6 The Art of Telephone Sets 185

11 Telephone Switching 188

11.1 Manual Switching 188

11.2 Evolution Leading to Automatic Switching 192

11.3 Strowger System 194

11.3.1 Strowger's First Operating Exchange 194

11.3.2 Strowger's Up-and-Around Switch 195

12 Radio Transmission 199

12.1 Evolution Leading to Radio Transmission 199

12.2 Experiments of Heinrich Hertz 201

12.3 Radio Transmission from Theory to Practice 204

12.4 The Radio Invented by Marconi 207

12.5 Radios of Marconi's Competitors 212

13 International Cooperation 217

Part IV Period From 1900 To 1950 223

14 Evolution of Telecommunications from 1900 to 1950 225

15 Worldwide Telephone Penetration 229

15.1 Worldwide Telephone Statistics 229

15.2 Telephone Penetration in the United States 231

15.3 Telephone Penetration Outside the United States 234

16 Electromechanical Telephone Switching 237

16.1 Worldwide Introduction of the Strowger System 237

16.1.1 Strowger System in the United States 237

16.1.2 Strowger System in Canada 238

16.1.3 Strowger System in Japan 240

16.1.4 Strowger System in Germany 241

16.1.5 Strowger System in Great Britain 244

16.1.6 Strowger System in Austria 246

16.1.7 Strowger System in Sweden 246

16.2 Automatic or Semiautomatic Switching? 247

16.3 Electromechanical Indirect-Control Systems 250

16.3.1 Automanual and All-Relay Systems 251

16.3.2 Lorimer System 252

16.3.3 Panel System 255

16.3.4 Rotary System 258

16.3.5 Uniselector System in France 260

16.3.6 LME 500-Point System 261

16.3.7 Hasler Hs 31 System 262

16.3.8 Automatic Switching Systems in the USSR 264

16.4 Crossbar Switching 264

16.5 Private Switching 266

17 High-Frequency Radio Transmission 269

17.1 Evolution of Radio Technology 269

17.1.1 Spark Radio Transmitters 269

17.1.2 Squenched Spark Radio Transmitter 271

17.1.3 Poulsen Convertor Arc Radio Transmitter 274

17.1.4 Frequency Alternator Radio Transmitter 277

17.1.5 Electronic Radio Equipment 279

17.1.6 Shortwave Transmission 280

17.2 Maritime Radio 281

17.3 Mobile Radio 285

17.4 Intercontinental Radiotelephony 287

17.5 RCA and C&W Created to Beat Marconi 289

17.5.1 Radio Corporation of America 289

17.5.2 Cable & Wireless 290

18 Phototelegraphy 294

18.1 Kopiertelegraph of Gustav Grzanna 294

18.2 Telautograph of Arthur Korn 294

18.3 Telegraphoscope of Edouard Belin 295

18.4 Siemens

Karolus

Telefunken Picture Transmission System 296

18.5 Facsimile Machines of AT&T and Western Union 297

18.6 Photograph Transmission Equipment in Japan 298

19 Teleprinters 300

19.1 Teleprinter Development in the United States 300

19.2 Teleprinter Development in Great Britain 303

19.3 Teleprinter Development in Germany 306

19.4 Teleprinter Development in Japan 307

20 Copper-Line Transmission 308

20.1 Telegraphy Transmission on Copper Lines 308

20.2 Telephony Transmission on Copper Lines 314

20.3 Phantom Circuits 316

20.4 Pupin Coils 317

20.5 Krarup Cable 321

20.6 Telephone Amplifiers 322

20.7 Analog Multiplexing 324

20.8 Digital Multiplexing 327

20.9 Coaxial Cable 331

21 Radio-Relay Transmission 337

21.1 Evolution Leading to Radio-Relay Transmission 337

21.2 World's First Radio-Relay Link 342

21.3 Initial Radio-Relay Systems 343

22 Cryptography 350

22.1 Manual Coding 351

22.2 Automatic Coding 352

23 International Cooperation 357

Part V Period from 1950 To 2000 361

24 Evolution of Telecommunications from 1950 to 2000 363

24.1 The Semiconductor Era 364

24.2 Digitalization 366

24.3 New Telecommunications Networks 367

25 Radio-Relay Networks 369

25.1 Technological Development of Radio-Relay Systems 369

25.1.1 All-Solid-State Radio-Relay Systems 370

25.1.2 Digital Radio-Relay Systems 371

25.1.3 Radio-Relay Systems for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 374

25.1.4 Transhorizon Radio-Relay Systems 375

25.2 Radio-Relay Systems Worldwide 376

25.2.1 Radio-Relay Systems in

North America 376

25.2.2 Radio-Relay Systems in Latin America 376

25.2.3 Radio-Relay Systems in Europe 379

25.2.4 Radio-Relay Systems in Asia 381

25.2.5 Radio-Relay Systems in Australia 382

25.2.6 Radio-Relay Systems in Africa 383

25.3 Wireless Access Systems 386

25.4 Radio-Relay Towers and Aesthetics 391

26 Coaxial Cable Transmission 397

26.1 Terrestrial Coaxial Cable 397

26.2 Submarine Coaxial Cable 399

26.2.1 Transatlantic Coaxial Telephone Cables 399

26.2.2 Worldwide Submarine Coaxial Telephone Cables 404

27 Satellite Transmission 407

27.1 Evolution Leading to Satellite Transmission 407

27.1.1 Rocketry Pioneers 408

27.1.2 Passive Satellites 410

27.1.3 Postwar Rocket Development in the United States 410

27.1.4 Postwar Rocket Development in the USSR 411

27.1.5 Sputnik, the First Satellite 412

27.1.6 First Communication Satellites 413

27.2 First Synchronous Communication Satellites 419

27.3 Satellite Launching 421

27.4 Satellite Transmission Systems 426

27.4.1 Global Satellite Systems 427

27.4.2 Regional Satellite Systems 428

27.4.3 Domestic Satellite Systems 431

27.4.4 Mobile Satellite Systems 433

27.4.5 Global Mobile Personal Communication by Satellite 435

27.4.6 Multimedia Satellite Systems 439

28 Optical Fiber Transmission 445

28.1 Evolution Leading to Optical Fiber Transmission 445

28.2 Terrestrial Optical Fiber Cable Systems 456

28.3 Submarine Optical Fiber Cable Systems 459

28.3.1 Transatlantic Optical Fiber Cables 460

28.3.2 SEA-ME-WE Cable System 461

28.3.3 Caribbean ARCOS Network 463

28.3.4 Global Submarine Optical Fiber Cable Systems 463

28.3.5 African Cable Network Africa ONE 466

28.3.6 Various Submarine Cable Systems 467

28.3.7 Repeaterless Submarine Cable Systems 467

28.4 Fiber-in-the-Loop Systems 471

28.4.1 Worldwide Testing of FITL Solutions 472

28.4.2 Delay of FITL Deployment 475

29 Electronic Switching 480

29.1 Continuation of Deployment of the Prewar Switching Systems 480

29.1.1 Crossbar Switching 480

29.1.2 Siemens Rotary Switch 480

29.1.3 End of the Strowger Switch 482

29.2 Implementation of Automatic Telephone Switching 483

29.2.1 National Automatic Switching 483

29.2.2 International Automatic Switching 484

29.3 Electronic Switching Systems 485

29.3.1 Evolution toward Electronic Switching 485

29.3.2 Preliminary Electronic Switching Systems 489

29.3.3 Commercial Electronic Switching Systems 494

29.4 Digital Switching Systems 495

29.5 Data Switching 500

29.6 Integrated Services Digital Network 505

29.7 Broadband Switching 506

29.8 Private Switching 507

30 Telex 510

30.1 Continuation of Teleprinter Deployment 510

30.2 Telex Service 510

30.3 Teletex 512

30.4 Termination of Telex Services 512

31 Telefax 515

31.1 Technological Development of Telefax 515

31.2 Worldwide Telefax Penetration 517

32 Cellular Radio 519

32.1 Evolution of Cellular Radio 519

32.2 Analog Cellular Radio 521

32.2.1 Analog Cellular Radio in Japan 522

32.2.2 Analog Cellular Radio in Scandinavia 523

32.2.3 Analog Cellular Radio in North America 523

32.2.4 Analog Cellular Radio in West Europe 524

32.3 Digital Cellular Radio 524

32.3.1 Global System for Mobile Communication 528

32.3.2 D-AMPS System 532

32.3.3 Personal Digital Cellular System 534

32.4 Personal Communications Network 535

32.4.1 CT1-CT3 Systems 536

32.4.2 Japanese Personal Handyphone System 537

32.4.3 Digital European Cordless Telecommunications 537

32.4.4 Personal Access Communications System 539

32.5 International Mobile Telecommunication System 540

33 Telephony and Deregulation 546

33.1 Telecommunications Deregulation and Liberalization 546

33.2 Telephony and Deregulation in the Americas 551

33.2.1 Telephony and Deregulation in the United States 551

33.2.2 Telephony and Deregulation in Canada 555

33.2.3 Telephony and Deregulation in Mexico 556

33.2.4 Telephony and Deregulation in Central America 557

33.2.5 Telephony and Deregulation in the Caribbean 558

33.2.6 Telephony and Deregulation in Brazil 558

33.2.7 Telephony and Deregulation in Chile 559

33.2.8 Telephony and Deregulation in Argentina 561

33.2.9 Telephony and Deregulation in Peru 561

33.2.10 Telephony and Deregulation in Venezuela 561

33.2.11 Telephony and Deregulation in Colombia 561

33.2.12 Telephony and Deregulation in Ecuador 562

33.2.13 Telephony and Deregulation in Bolivia 563

33.2.14 Telephony and Deregulation in Uruguay 563

33.2.15 Telephony and Deregulation in Paraguay 563

33.3 Telephony and Deregulation in Africa 563

33.3.1 Telephony and Deregulation in North Africa 565

33.3.2 Telephony and Deregulation in South Africa 566

33.3.3 Telephony and Deregulation in Sub-Saharan Africa 566

33.4 Telephony and Deregulation in Asia 567

33.4.1 Telephony and Deregulation in India 568

33.4.2 Telephony and Deregulation in China 569

33.4.3 Telephony and Deregulation in Japan 571

33.4.4 Telephony and Deregulation in Other Asian Countries 573

33.5 Telephony and Deregulation in Europe 574

33.5.1 Telephony and Deregulation in the European Union 575

33.5.2 Telephony and Deregulation in Eastern Europe 575

33.6 Telephony and Deregulation in Oceania 577

34 Multimedia 580

34.1 Evolution Leading to Multimedia 580

34.2 Computers and Communications 581

34.3 Global Information Infrastructure 581

34.4 Internet 583

34.5 Global Village 589

34.6 Multimedia Services 590

35 International Cooperation 597

A Chronology of the Major Events in the Two Centuries of Telecommunications 601

B Worldwide Statistics of Population, Internet Users, Cellular Phones, and Main Telephones 607.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0471205052

OCLC:

50251955

Online:

Publisher description