Introduction to veterinary genetics / F.W. Nicholas.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Nicholas, F. W.

Contributor:

Clarence J. Marshall Memorial Library Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Veterinary genetics.

Physical Description:

xiv, 282 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Malden, MA ; Oxford : Blackwell Pub., 2003.

Summary:

An understanding of veterinary genetics is crucial to the evaluation and control of diseases and disorders in animals. Fully revised and updated, this second edition not only contains sections on basic genetics, cytogenetics, immunogentics, population genetics and quantitative genetics, but also covers, in greater depth than the previous edition, molecular biology, biotechnology, gene mapping and the use of molecular tools to research inherited disorders.

Contents:

1 Basic genetics 1

Chromosomes 1

Meiosis and mitosis 4

The biochemistry of inheritance 11

What is a gene? 18

Gene regulation 22

Mutation 23

Genes, alleles, and loci 24

Simple or Mendelian inheritance 25

Linkage 27

Inactivation 32

Types of DNA 35

Appendix 1.1 Banded karyotypes of domestic species 37

2 Molecular biology 43

Restriction enzymes 43

Recombinant DNA and DNA cloning 45

Complementary DNA 49

DNA sequencing 49

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 52

Southern analysis and related technologies 55

DNA microarrays (DNA chips) 55

The detection of variation in base sequence 57

Veterinary diagnosis 60

Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), DNA fingerprints, and microsatellites 60

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 65

Gene mapping 66

Production of polypeptide from cloned DNA 68

Transgenesis 71

Antisense technology 73

3 Single-gene disorders 75

Inborn errors of metabolism 75

Sex-limited inheritance 77

Genetical heterogeneity of disease 78

Type of gene action and type of disease 80

Phenocopies 81

A sample of single-gene disorders 82

Appendix 3.1 A sample of single-gene disorders in animals 86

4 Chromosomal aberrations 93

Abnormal chromosome number 93

Abnormal chromosome structure 97

Chromosomal aberrations in cancer 102

Evolution of karyotypes 102

Interspecific hybridization 103

Freemartins 103

Biological basis of sex 105

Classification of intersex 106

A sample of chromosomal aberrations 107

Appendix 4.1 A sample of chromosomal aberrations in animals 108

5 Single genes in populations 110

Gene and genotype frequencies 110

Random mating 111

The Hardy

Weinberg law 111

Extensions to the Hardy

Weinberg law 114

Selection and mutation 115

Genetic drift and the founder effect 122

6 Familial disorders not due to a single gene 124

Liability and threshold 124

The multifactorial model 124

More than one threshold 126

7 Is it inherited? 134

General evidence for a genetic aetiology 134

The four types of simple, Mendelian inheritance 135

Studying and analysing the data 137

8 Immunogenetics 141

Antibodies 142

Red-cell antigens 143

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 145

9 Pharmacogenetics 153

Genetic polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism 153

Genetics and anaesthesia 153

Warfarin resistance 155

Multifactorial pharmacogenetics 156

10 Hosts, parasites, and pathogens 159

Host

pathogen interactions 159

Resistance in hosts 163

Resistance in parasites and pathogens 164

Control of parasites and pathogens 168

Increasing the level of resistance in hosts 170

11 Single genes in animal breeding 173

Coat colour 173

Carpet wool 177

Prolificacy in sheep 177

Polledness 178

Muscular hypertrophy in cattle and sheep 178

Dwarf poultry 179

Genes for sexing chickens 179

Pedigree checking 180

12 Relationship and inbreeding 183

The inbreeding coefficient 183

Relationship 184

The inbreeding coefficient revisited 186

A general expression for relationship and inbreeding 186

The base population 187

Inbreeding in populations 188

Inbreeding depression 188

13 Quantitative variation 191

Quantitative traits 191

The performance of an individual animal 193

The differences between animals 195

Heritability 196

Correlations between traits 198

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) 200

14 Selection between populations 202

Comparison between populations 202

Genotype-environment interaction 203

15 Selection within populations 206

Estimated breeding values and accuracy of selection 206

Clues to a candidate's breeding value for a trait 207

Combining clues from more than one source 207

Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) 209

Correlated traits 210

Selection for more than one trait 211

The importance of inbreeding and genetic drift 213

Sire-reference schemes 214

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) 214

16 Breed structure 216

The traditional pyramid 216

Closed-nucleus breeding schemes 217

Open-nucleus breeding schemes 217

17 Crossing 220

Regular crossing 220

Crossing to produce a synthetic 226

Grading-up 227

18 Selection and regular crossing 232

Selection 232

Selection and regular crossing 232

19 Biotechnology and the future 235

Artificial insemination (AI) 235

Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) 236

In vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of ova 237

Control of sex ratio 238

Recombinant proteins 238

Transgenesis 239

Animal cloning 240

20 Conservation genetics 244

Measurement of genetic diversity within populations 244

Measurement of genetic diversity among populations 245

Importance of genetic diversity 247

Loss of genetic diversity 248

Conservation of genetic diversity 249

21 Genetic and environmental control of inherited disorders 254

Environmental control of inherited disorders 254

Genetic control of single-gene disorders 257

DNA markers in the control of single-gene disorders 262

Gene therapy 265

Genetic control of multifactorial disorders 266

Genetic control

some final points 267

Crossing: thinking outside the square 269.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Clarence J. Marshall Memorial Library Fund.

ISBN:

1405106336

OCLC:

187657553