Squatters as developers? : slum redevelopment in Mumbai / Vinit Mukhija.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Mukhija, Vinit, 1967-

Series:

King's SOAS studies in development geography

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Urban renewal--India--Mumbai.

Urban renewal.

India--Mumbai.

Slums--India--Mumbai.

Slums.

Housing policy--India--Mumbai--Citizen participation.

Housing policy.

Political participation.

Inclusionary housing programs--India--Mumbai.

Inclusionary housing programs.

Physical Description:

xv, 189 pages : illustrations, maps ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Aldershot, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, [2003]

Contents:

Currency Exchange Rates xv

1 Introduction: A New Strategy in Mumbai 1

The Puzzles of Slum Redevelopment 1

Placing the Research in the Context of the Literature 5

Self-help and Enabling the Communities 5

Slum Upgrading Programs 7

Enabling the Markets 8

A Preview of the Arguments 11

The Logic of Redevelopment 11

Property Rights, Property Values and Property Attributes 12

The Paradox of Enabling 13

Study Methodology 14

The Dense Data Case Study Approach 14

A Single Case, Informed by Other Cases 15

Data Sources 15

Fieldwork 16

2 The Evolution of the Slum Redevelopment Strategy 19

The Mumbai Context 21

The Evolution of Mumbai's Redevelopment Strategy 26

Urban Politics 26

Property Values and Land Differentials 28

Regulating the Development Potential of Land 33

The Need for Regulation 34

3 Decentralized Conflict 37

Dharavi Redevelopment Plan: Contested Intentions 43

Prime Minister's Grant Project (PMGP) 43

Redevelopment Plan for Dharavi 44

SPARC's Census and Alternative Proposal 45

PMGP and SPARC: The Battle over Markandeya 47

Government's Response to SPARC's Plan 47

Compromise but Further Conflict 48

Conflicts over Project Finance 50

Local NGO, Global Connections 51

Conflicts between SPARC and the Private Contractor 52

The Informal Cross-subsidy Scheme 52

Reluctance to Mortgage Land 54

Irregularities in the Sale of Extra Units 54

Taking Advantage of the Development Potential of Land 54

More Policy Changes, More Profit 55

Uncivil Society: Distrust between SPARC and the Community 56

Suspicion of the Managing Committee 56

Ten Years for New Houses 59

The Bank-guarantee under Threat 60

Arbitration by the State 60

SPARC's New Role as a Developer 61

Reexamining NGOs in Housing Delivery 62

NGOs and Community Empowerment 63

NGOs: More Like the Market and the State 64

NGOs and Autonomy 64

Decentralization and Centralization in Housing Delivery 65

4 Demolition and Redevelopment 67

Literature Review: Tenure Legalization 71

From Slum Clearance to Slum Upgrading 71

Slum Upgrading and Property Structures 72

Slum Upgrading and Property Values 73

The Physical Structure of Properties in Dharavi 74

Dharavi's Changing Geography 74

Slum Upgrading and Slum Redevelopment 75

Rajendra Prasad Nagar and the Markandeya Slum 78

Change in Property Rights and Property Attributes 80

Redevelopment into a Low-rise Courtyard Structure 80

State Suspicion of Future Encroachment 83

Adding More Floors 85

High Land Values and Medium-rise Living 90

Medium-rise Living as an Outcome of Redevelopment 90

Slum Redevelopment Projects in Mumbai 92

Slum Redevelopment and Tenure Legalization 96

Low-income Housing Myths 96

Property Rights, Property Attributes and Property Values 97

Demand-driven or Supply-driven Development 100

5 Financing Slum Redevelopment 103

Literature Review: Markets and Partnerships 107

Markets and Low-income Housing 107

Public-Private Partnerships and Housing 108

State Finance for Redevelopment 108

Prime Minister's Grant: A Revolving Fund 108

Beneficiaries' Contributions and Housing Loans 110

Increase in Cost Estimates 111

Financial Prudence of State Agencies 112

Private Capital from the Non-profit and the For-profit Sectors 113

Bank-guarantee from an International NGO 113

Policy Changes to Attract Private Capital 117

Institutional Responses to the Scarcity of Finance 120

The Joint-venture at Markandeya 120

SPARC's Deal-making 121

State Initiative to Provide Development Finance 123

Private and Public Roles 124

The Problem of Development Finance 125

Partnerships and Innovation 126

6 Enabling Slum Redevelopment in Mumbai 129

The Mumbai Experience 129

An Analytical Framework for Upgrading 131

The Paradox of Enabling 132

Deregulation and New Regulations 132

Decentralization and Centralization 133

Privatization and Public Involvement 134

Demand-driven and Supply-driven Development Strategies 135

Enabling Housing Provision 135

Future Research 137

Evaluation of Slum Redevelopment Projects 137

Stakeholders and their Institutional Interests 139

Urban Collective Action 140

Squatters as Developers 140

Appendix 2 Property Values in Mumbai 146

Appendix 3 Scion Shivaji Nagar CHS 148

Appendix 4 Markandeya CHS: Annexure II, SRD Application 149

Appendix 5 Cost Estimate of the Rajiv Indira CHS 151.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 171-183) and index.

ISBN:

0754619109

OCLC:

50347963