Traumatic brain injury : methods for clinical and forensic neuropsychiatric assessment / Robert P. Granacher.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Granacher, Robert P., 1941-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Brain damage--Diagnosis.

Brain damage.

Brain Injuries--complications.

Brain Injuries--diagnosis.

Expert Testimony.

Forensic Psychiatry--methods.

Neuropsychological Tests.

Medical Subjects:

Brain Injuries--complications.

Brain Injuries--diagnosis.

Expert Testimony.

Forensic Psychiatry--methods.

Neuropsychological Tests.

Physical Description:

501 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2003.

Summary:

Numerous books exist on traumatic brain injury, yet none comprehensively cover evaluation from both clinical and forensic standpoints. Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical and Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment is the first medical book to guide treatment practitioners not only in methods for evaluating traumatic brain injury in adults and children, but also in the important elements of forensic brain injury assessment. From the clinical aspect, the book details neurobehavioral data analysis and describes how to apply it to treatment planning and pharmacotherapy following traumatic brain injury. From the forensic perspective, it provides methods for detecting deception at examination and emphasizes the important legal concepts of causation, damages, and impairment determination following traumatic brain injury. The text provides multiple explanatory tables, structural and functional brain imaging figures, and liberal case examples of actual traumatic brain injury examinations and reports. The practical and pragmatic approach offered in Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical and Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment will aid clinicians and forensic specialists in comprehensively evaluating the TBI patient and successfully presenting the evaluation in the courtroom.

Contents:

Chapter 1 The Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury 1

Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury 2

Classification of Head Injury 3

Neuropathology of Traumatic Brain Injury 4

Biomechanic Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury 4

Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury 6

Neurochemical Changes Following Traumatic Brain Injury 7

Free Radical and Inflammatory Changes Following Traumatic Brain Injury 8

Apoptosis Following Traumatic Brain Injury 8

Typology of Traumatic Brain Damage 9

Skull Fracture 9

Focal Brain Damage 9

Diffuse Brain Damage 13

Secondary Injury after Head Trauma 14

Vascular Failure 14

Intracranial Hypertension 15

Brain Shift and Herniation 15

Relationship of Traumatic Brain Injury to Late-Appearing Neurodegeneration 16

Trauma-Induced Beta Amyloid Deposition 16

The Genetic Component of Traumatic Brain Injury 16

Cholinergic Mechanisms and Neurodegeneration 17

Chapter 2 Neuropsychiatric and Psychiatric Syndromes Following Traumatic Brain Injury 25

Neuropsychiatric Syndromes 25

Adult Cognitive Disorders 25

Child Cognitive Disorders 31

Frontal Lobe Syndromes 35

Posttraumatic Seizure Disorders 37

Posttraumatic Headache 38

Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus 39

Posttraumatic Hypersomnolence 39

Psychiatric Syndromes 40

Mood Disorders 40

Anxiety Disorder 42

Psychotic Disorders 44

Personality Changes Following Traumatic Brain Injury 45

Aggression and Anger 46

Chapter 3 Gathering the Neuropsychiatric History Following Brain Trauma 57

Taking the Adult Brain Injury History 57

Posttrauma Symptoms and Treatment 57

Activities of Daily Living 66

Past Medical History 67

Past Neuropsychiatric History 69

Family History 70

Social History 70

Review of Systems 72

Taking the Child Brain Injury History 73

Posttrauma Symptoms and Treatment 73

Activities of Daily Living 77

Neuropsychiatric Development History 77

Past Pediatric History 78

Past Pediatric Neuropsychiatric History 79

Family History 79

Social History 79

Review of Systems 80

Review of the Medical Records 80

Emergency Room Records 80

The Hospital Record 81

Cognitive Rehabilitation Records 82

Occupational and Physical Therapy Records 83

Speech and Language Pathology Records 84

Taking the Collateral History 84

Chapter 4 The Neuropsychiatric Mental Status and Neurological Examinations Following Traumatic Brain Injury 93

The Adult Mental Examination 94

Appearance and Level of Consciousness 94

Attention 94

Speech and Language 96

Memory and Orientation 99

Visuospatial and Constructional Ability 102

Executive Function 103

Affect and Mood 104

Thought Processing, Content, and Perception 106

Risk to Self or Others 109

Mental Screening Examination 109

The Adult Neurological Examination 111

Cranial Nerve Examination 112

Motor Examination 116

Abnormal Involuntary Movements 118

Sensory Examination 119

Reflexes 120

Coordination: Cerebellar 121

Posture and Gait 122

The Child Mental Examination 122

Attention 123

Speech and Language 123

Memory and Orientation 123

Visuospatial and Constructional Ability 124

Executive Function 125

Affect and Mood 125

Thought Processing, Content, and Perception 125

The Child Neurological Examination 125

Appearance 126

Cranial Nerves 126

Motor 128

Sensory 128

Coordination: Cerebellar 128

Reflexes 129

Chapter 5 The Use of Structural and Functional Imaging in the Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury 135

Structural Imaging of Brain Trauma 136

Computed Tomography 136

Magnetic Resonance Imaging 145

Functional Imaging of Brain Trauma 153

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography 153

Positron Emission Tomography 157

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 160

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 161

Electroencephalography 162

Chapter 6 Standardized Neurocognitive Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury 171

Basic Statistics of Psychological Testing 172

Adult Neurocognitive Assessment 174

Measuring Cognitive Distortion 174

Establishing a Preinjury Cognitive Baseline 177

Measuring Attention 180

Measuring Memory 187

Measuring Language 190

Measuring Visuoperceptual Abilities 195

Measuring Sensorimotor Function 199

Measuring Executive Function 202

Measuring Intellectual Functioning 205

Child Cognitive Assessment 208

Measuring Cognitive Distortion 208

Establishing a Preinjury Cognitive Baseline 208

Measuring Attention in Children 210

Measuring Memory in Children 211

Measuring Language in Children 212

Measuring Visuoperceptual Ability in Children 213

Measuring Sensorimotor Function in Children 214

Measuring Executive Function in Children 215

Measuring Intellectual Functioning in Children 216

Measuring Cognitive Injury in the Very Young Child 218

Chapter 7 Behavioral Assessment Following Traumatic Brain Injury 227

The Adult 227

Effects upon Affect and Mood 227

Measuring Mood Changes 228

Aggression 233

Measuring Aggression 233

Effects of Brain Injury upon Sexuality 235

Psychosocial Functioning 236

Driving Behaviors Following Traumatic Brain Injury 237

Traumatic Brain Injury and Impact upon Emotional Intelligence 238

Measuring Aspects of Emotional Intelligence Following Brain Injury 239

The Child 242

Effects upon Affect and Mood 242

Measuring Mood Changes in Children 242

Aggression 247

Psychosocial Functioning in Brain-Injured Children 248

The Dynamics of Traumatic Brain Injury within the Family or with Significant Others 248

The Adult 248

The Child 249

Measurement of Patient Neurobehavioral Function within the Family 250

Chapter 8 Neurobehavioral Analysis and Treatment Planning Following Traumatic Brain Injury 257

Analysis of the Data 257

The Injury Record 257

The Neuropsychiatric Examination Database 260

Establishing Neuropsychiatric Deficits 265

Neuropsychiatric Treatment Planning 267

Pharmacologic Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Symptoms 267

Individual Psychotherapy Following Traumatic Brain Injury 279

Family Interventions and Therapy 281

Cognitive Rehabilitation 282

Clinical Neurobehavioral Analysis of Case Data 283

Case 1 Traumatic Brain Injury Discovered 2 1/2 Years Late 283

Case 2 Airborne Ejection from Vehicle 294

Case 3 Child Rear-Seat Passenger 304

Chapter 9 Special Properties of Traumatic Brain Injury Forensic Examinations and the Detection of Deception 321

Critical Differences between Clinical and Forensic Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury 322

Are You Examining a Patient or an Examinee? 322

Ethics and Boundary Issues of the Forensic Neuropsychiatric Examination 323

The Admissibility of Scientific Evidence 324

Frye v.

United States: General Acceptance Standard 324

The Daubert Rule 325

Case Law since Daubert 326

Detection of Deception during Neuropsychiatric Examination of Traumatic Brain Injury 327

Malingering 327

Detection of Cognitive Malingering 330

Detection of Psychological Malingering 337

Chapter 10 Causation, Damages, Outcome, and Impairment Determination Following Traumatic Brain Injury 351

Causation 352

Damages 353

Adult Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury 354

Child Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury 358

Severity-Related Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury 360

Evaluating Legal Competence Following Traumatic Brain Injury 361

Adult Competence 361

Child Competence 363

Determining Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury 363

Disability Determination Following Traumatic Brain Injury 368

Forensic Medical History 369

Chapter 11 Forensic Neurobehavioral Analysis Following Traumatic Brain Injury 385

Analysis of the Data Following Traumatic Brain Injury 385

The Police Record or Injury Report 385

Emergency Medical Services Record 387

Emergency Department Records 387

The Hospital Record 388

Rehabilitation Records 388

The Neuropsychological Record 388

Outpatient Treatment 389

Neuropsychiatric Examination 390

Collateral History Sources 390

Preinjury Medical Records 391

Academic and Employment Records 391

Legal Records 392

Military Records 392

Depositions 392

Causation Analysis 393

Damages Analysis 394

Case 1 Malingering Brain Injury Attributed to Railroad Injury 395

History from the Injury Records 396

Medical History from Records prior to the Alleged Accident 398

History Obtained from B.K. 398

Past Medical and Psychiatric History 398

Family and Social History 399

Review of Systems and Activities of Daily Living 399

Mental Status Examination 399

Neurological Examination 400

Brain Imaging 400

Standardized Mental Assessment 400

Records Reviewed 402

Deposition Transcript of B.K. 402

Diagnoses 402

Forensic Neurobehavioral Analysis 402

Case 2 Adult Gunshot Wound of Head 403

History of the Accident 404

History from the Patient 404

Past Medical and Psychiatric History 404

Family and Social History 404

Review of Systems and Activities of Daily Living 405

Mental Status Examination 405

Neurological Examination 406

Brain Imaging and Skull X-Ray 406

Skull X-Ray 406

Magnetic Resonance Imaging 406

Standardized Mental Assessment 406

Records Reviewed 412

Diagnoses 412

Forensic Neurobehavioral Analysis 412

Case 3 Infant Motor Vehicle Injury 415

History of the Accident 415

History from the Patient 415

Past Medical and Psychiatric History 415

Family and Social History 416

Review of Systems and Activities of Daily Living 416

Mental Status Examination 417

Neurological Examination 417

Brain Imaging 417

Standardized Mental Assessment 417

Records Reviewed 419

Diagnoses 419

Forensic Neurobehavioral Analysis 420

Chapter 12 Forensic Report Writing and Testimony in Traumatic Brain Injury Cases 423

Forensic Report Writing 423

The Purpose and Audience 423

The Style of the Report 424

Use of Word Processing Templates 426

Analysis and Conclusions 426

Dictating the Report 427

Report 1 Right Depressed Temporal Bone Fracture in an Adult 427

Report 2 Closed-Head Injury in a Teenager 443

Report 3 Malingering Aphasia and Hemiparesis 458

Expert Testimony 469

The Nature of Testimony 470

Deposition for Discovery 470

Deposition for Evidence 471

Communicating the Message 472

Cross-Examination 474

Use of Exhibits in the Courtroom 475.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0849314291

OCLC:

51892807