Forfar & Arneil's textbook of pediatrics.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Forfar, John O.

Arneil, Gavin C.

McIntosh, Neil, FRCP (Eng)

Helms, Peter, Prof.

Smyth, Rosalynd.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pediatrics.

Medical Subjects:

Pediatrics.

Physical Description:

xxi, 1985 pages, 16 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color), map ; 29 cm + 1 CD-ROM

Edition:

Sixth edition / edited by Neil McIntosh, Peter J. Helms, Rosalind L. Smyth.

Other Title:

Textbook of pediatrics

Forfar and Arneil's textbook of pediatrics

Place of Publication:

Edinburgh ; New York : Churchill Livingstone, 2003.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Accompanying CD-ROM contains a version of the text ... "in which references listed in Pubmed can be accessed via the internet."

Contents:

Section 1 Foundations for Health and Practice

1 Evidence-based child health / Rosalind L Smyth 3

The practice of evidence-based medicine 6

Systematic reviews 7

Evidence-based child health 8

How textbooks ensure that they are evidence based 8

Clinical evidence within the 6th edition of Forfar & Arneil 9

2 Epidemiology of child health / Stuart Logan 11

Mortality rates 11

Morbidity in childhood 13

Population determinants of child health 16

3 History taking and physical examination / C Mae Wong, Ian A Laing 21

Clinical history 22

Physical examination 24

Examination of individual systems 26

The newborn 36

4 Ethical and legal aspects of pediatrics (incl. consent) / Ben Stenson, Alexander McCall-Smith 49

Children's rights 49

The best interests of children 50

Withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment in children 53

Genetic testing 56

Research 56

Mental health care 57

Role for ethics committees 58

5 Child abuse and social aspects of pediatrics / Christopher J Hobbs, Jane M Wynne, Helga G I Hanks 61

Children in the UK in the twenty-first century 62

Children and the family 62

The socially deprived child 62

Child abuse and neglect 63

Family violence 64

Physical abuse 64

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (fabricated, fictitious, falsified illness) 68

Emotional abuse 69

Neglect 70

Failure to thrive 72

Sexual abuse 73

Deaths from child abuse 81

Management of child abuse 81

The responsibilities of health professionals in child protection 83

Child in need 83

Child protection and parental substance and alcohol abuse 85

The health care for refugee children 85

6 Preventive pediatrics / Harry Campbell 89

Principles of prevention 89

Preventive measures 90

Prevention and protection through immunization 97

Child health advocacy 103

7 Developmental pediatrics / Ruth E Day, revised by Gillian Baird, assessment of vision by Alison Salt 107

Theories of child development 107

Factors that affect development 108

Normal development 110

Detecting and assessing developmental problems 122

Learning impairments 137

Interpretation of abnormal development using an evidence-based approach and developmental assessment findings 138

Child development teams and centers in the UK 139

8 International child health / Bernard J Brabin 143

The state of the world's children, 2001 143

Trends in child mortality in developing countries 145

Global constraints on child health 146

International responses to improve child health 149

Section 2 Perinatal/Neonatal Medicine

9 Fetal medicine / Stephen C Robson, Steven Sturgiss 159

Prenatal screening and diagnosis of congenital abnormalities 159

Maternal serum screening 159

Ultrasound 159

Management of prenatally detected structural anomalies 161

Invasive procedures and fetal surgery 165

Assessment of fetal size and well-being 166

Multiple pregnancies 170

Alloimmunization 172

10 The newborn / Edited by Neil McIntosh, Ben Stenson 177

Definitions - World Health Organization (WHO) / Neil McIntosh 178

Epidemiology and evidence based neonatal care / William Tarnow-Mordi 179

The economics of newborn care / Stavros Petrou 183

The normal fetal-neonatal transition / Neil McIntosh 186

Routine Care of the Full-Term Infant 189

Examination of the neonate / Sam Richmond 189

Labor ward routines / Ben Stenson 191

Postnatal ward routines / Ben Stenson 191

Feeding the full-term newborn / David Wilson 192

The High Risk Newborn 194

Birth trauma / Neil McIntosh 194

Birth asphyxia / Malcolm Levene 197

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / Malcolm Levene 198

Resuscitation in the newborn / Malcolm Levene 204

The small for gestational age infant / Neil McIntosh 208

The large for gestational age infant / Neil McIntosh 210

Care of the Preterm Infant 210

Developmental care / Yvonne Freer, Dieter Wolke 210

Special care - fluid balance / Terence Stephenson 214

Special care - sodium and potassium / Terence Stephenson 219

Special care - thermoregulation / Nick Rutter 222

Special care - enteral nutrition / Simon Newell 227

Intensive Care of the Newborn 231

Organization of neonatal intensive care services / Neil McIntosh 231

Practical parenteral nutrition / David Wilson 233

Blood gases and respiratory support / Ben Stenson 234

Neurodevelopmental outcome / Janet Rennie 241

Neonatal death / Neil McIntosh 247

Problems of the Newborn 250

Pulmonary disorders and apnea / Henry L Halliday 250

Neonatal cardiovascular disease / Nicholas Archer 270

Gastrointestinal problems and jaundice of the neonate / David Wilson 278

Hematological problems of the newborn / Irene A G Roberts 294

Neonatal neurology / Janet Rennie 309

Renal disease in the neonate / Alan R Watson 324

Eye problems in the newborn / Alistair R Fielder, Siobhan M E Wren 330

Infection and immunity in the newborn / Khalid N Haque 336

Neonatal neoplasia / Neil McIntosh 353

Neonatal metabolic disorders / Robert Hume 357

11 Infant feeding / Anthony F Williams 393

Breast-feeding 393

Infant formula feeding 399

Complementary feeding - 'weaning' 401

Section 3 The Specialities

12 Genetics / Michael A Patton 407

Epidemiology 408

Mitosis and meiosis 408

Chromosomes 410

Types of chromosome abnormality 412

Chromosomal syndromes 414

Sex chromosome abnormalities 421

Single gene disorders: inheritance 423

DNA and gene action 427

Multifactorial inheritance 434

Malformation syndromes 435

Counseling and genetic services 437

13 Endocrine gland disorders and disorders of growth and puberty / Christopher J H Kelnar, Gary E Butler 443

Mechanisms of hormone action 444

History taking and examination 445

Endocrine tests 447

Fetal endocrinology 449

Neonatal endocrinology 453

Disorders of sexual differentiation 454

Physical growth and development 458

Growth regulation and disorders of growth 473

Obesity and thinness 482

Endocrinological aspects of puberty and adolescence 485

Abnormal puberty 489

Other disorders related to female and male reproduction 497

The hypothalamo-pituitary unit 499

The pineal gland 505

The thymus 505

The thyroid gland 506

Parathyroid glands and calcium metabolism 514

The adrenal glands 520

Endocrine hypertension 530

Endocrine consequences for survivors of cancer 531

The pancreas and carbohydrate metabolism 532

Diabetes mellitus 533

Hypoglycemia 547

14 Nutrition / Lawrence Weaver, Christine Edwards, Barbara Golden, John Reilly 561

Nutrition, growth, development and disease 561

Nutritional requirements 562

Nutritional requirements during infancy and childhood 562

Nutritional assessment 565

Healthy diet: infancy, childhood and adolescence 569

Principles of nutrition support 570

Obesity 574

Malnutrition 576

Micronutrient deficiency and excess 579

15 Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances / Gale A Pearson 583

Differences among babies, children and adults 584

Maintenance fluid and electrolyte requirements 585

Ongoing losses 585

Monitoring 586

Total body water and sodium balance 586

Compartmental distribution of water and electrolytes 587

Acid-base 587

Disturbance of acid-base 588

Cautionary notes on laboratory tests of fluid and electrolytes 589

Fluid and electrolyte disturbance 590

Appendix 1 Physical and physiological influences on the internal distribution of water and electrolytes 594

Appendix 2 Acid-base chemistry and blood gas measurement 596

16 Disorders of the urinary system / Alan R Watson, C Mark Taylor, Mary McGraw 599

Renal physiology 600

Assessment of renal function 601

Renal tubular disorders 603

Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract 608

Renal cystic disease 610

Urinary tract infections 613

Vesicoureteric reflux 620

Wetting problems 621

Hematuria 622

Glomerulonephritis 625

Proteinuria 631

Nephrotic syndrome 633

Renal hypertension 637

Acute renal failure 638

Chronic renal failure 642

17 Disorders of the alimentary tract and liver / W Michael Bisset, Susan V Beath, Huw R Jenkins, Alastair J Baker 651

Gastrointestinal function 652

The nature of gastrointestinal disease 653

The mouth 653

The esophagus 654

The stomach and duodenum 658

The small intestine 664

Malabsorption 667

Inborn errors of digestion and absorption 673

Investigation of the small intestine 675

Gastrointestinal tumors 676

The pancreas 677

Disorders of gastrointestinal motility 679

Acute infective diarrhea 679

Protracted diarrhea in early infancy 681

Intestinal failure 683

The colon 687

Inflammatory bowel disease 688

Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms 692

Failure to thrive 696

Nutrition in patients with gastrointestinal disease 698

Hepatic and biliary disease 699

Pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology - charities and organizations 712

18 Respiratory disorders / Edited by Peter Helms, John Henderson 717

Introduction and context / Peter Helms, John Henderson 717

Development of the respiratory system / Peter Helms 722

Respiratory physiology, pathophysiology and the measurement of respiratory function / Peter Helms 725

Special investigations - imaging / Isky Gordon, Kieran McHugh 733

Endoscopy (bronchoscopy) / James Paton 740

Specific clinical indications for airway endoscopy 743

Apnea and breathing disorders during sleep / Peter Fleming, John Henderson 746

Asthma / Sheila McKenzie, Caroline Pao 751

Cystic fibrosis / Rosalind Smyth 763

Respiratory infections / Heather Elphick 774

Respiratory defenses and infection in the immunocompromised host / Tom Hilliard 782

Congenital abnormalities / Andrew Bush 787

Chronic lung disease of prematurity / Sailesh Kotecha 793

Long term ventilation / John Henderson 798

Acute respiratory distress syndrome / John Henderson 800

Rare lung disease / Andrew Bush 801

19 Cardiovascular disease / Denise J Kitchiner 815

Principles of assessment of heart disease / Denise J Kitchiner 816

Electrocardiography / Christopher Wren 818

Chest radiography / Denise J Kitchiner 820

Echocardiography / Jonathan Skinner 821

Cardiac catheterization / Frances Bu'Lock 830

Other cardiac investigations / Frances Bu'Lock 832

The asymptomatic child with a murmur / Denise J Kitchiner 833

Heart failure / Martin Runciman 834

Infective endocarditis / Martin Runciman 834

Congenital heart disease / Frances Bu'Lock 837

Fetal diagnosis of heart disease / Frances Bu'Lock 839

The neonate with congenital heart disease / Jonathan Skinner 840

The infant and child with congenital heart disease / Denise J Kitchiner 854

Cardiac arrhythmias / Christopher Wren 867

Acquired cardiovascular disorders / Martin Runciman 875

20 Neurology / Edited by Colin Ferrie, Tim Martland, Richard Newton 889

The neurological consultation / Richard Newton 889

The investigation of neurological disorders / Richard Newton 891

Giving the news of disablity / Richard Newton 893

Development of the human brain / Richard Newton 893

Neural tube defects / Richard Newton 902

Hydrocephalus / Richard Newton 907

The neurocutaneous diseases / Richard Newton 915

Seizures, epilepsy and other paroxysmal disorders / Colin Ferrie 919

Headache and migraine / Ishaq Abu-Arafeh 951

Disorders of movement / Michael Clarke, Ian McKinlay 957

Cerebral palsy / Ian McKinlay 968

Degenerative brain disorders / Omar Ismayl 979

Neuromuscular disease / Mary Imelda Hughes 991

Acute neurological conditions / Tim R Martland 1007

Developmental medicine / Pamela Tomlin 1029

Acquired brain injury / Pamela Tomlin 1035

Speech and language delay and disorders / Ian McKinlay 1040

21 Disorders of the blood and bone marrow / Paula Bolton-Maggs, Angela Thomas 1059

Hematological assessment in childhood 1059

Anemia 1060

Deficiency anemias 1060

Aplastic anemias 1064

Hemolytic anemias 1066

Disorders of hemoglobin synthesis 1070

Secondary anemias 1074

Eosinophilia 1076

Disorders of hemostasis 1076

Leukemia 1085

22 Oncology / Tim Eden, Guy Makin 1095

Incidence and prevalence 1096

Factors influencing survival 1097

General principles of diagnosis 1105

Principles of therapy 1105

Central nervous system tumors 1113

Medulloblastoma (PNET of cerebellum) 1115

Ependymoma 1116

Cerebellar astrocytomas 1116

Supratentorial astrocytomas 1117

Brainstem gliomas 1117

Optic gliomas (optic nerve, chiasma and tracts) 1118

Pineal tumors 1118

Craniopharyngioma 1119

Choroid plexus neoplasms 1119

Supratentorial PNETS 1119

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 1120

Hodgkin's disease 1123

Neuroblastoma 1125

Nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) 1129

Mesoblastic nephroma 1130

Soft tissue sarcomas 1131

Osteosarcoma 1133

Ewing's sarcoma 1135

Germ cell tumors 1136

Retinoblastoma 1139

Liver tumors 1140

Histiocytoses 1141

23 Gynecological diseases / Anne S Garden 1151

Problems at birth 1152

Problems in early childhood 1152

Problems of puberty 1154

Problems of adolescence 1156

Gynecological tumors 1158

Teenage pregnancy 1159

24 Inborn errors of metabolism / Edited by Robert D Steiner 1161

Peroxisomal disorders / Leesa Linck 1164

Purine and pyrimidine disorders / K Michael Gibson 1167

Neurotransmitter disorders / K Michael Gibson 1169

Amino acid metabolism disorders / Markus Grompe 1171

Metal metabolism disorders / David Koeller 1190

The porphyrias / David Koeller 1193

Bilirubin and bile acid metabolism / David Koeller 1195

Fatty acid oxidation disorders / Cary Harding 1196

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders / Cary Harding 1200

Disorders of plasma lipids and lipoproteins / P Barton Duell, Robert D Steiner 1210

Mitochondrial disease / Greg Enns 1219

Lysosomal storage diseases / Robert D Steiner, Neil R M Buist 1231

Congenital disorders of glycosylation / Greg Enns, K Michael Gibson 1247

25 Immunodeficiency / Andrew J Cant, Diana M Gibb, E Graham Davies, Catherine Cale, Andrew R Gennery 1255

The immune system 1256

The development of the immune system 1262

Immunodeficiency disorders: general principles 1265

Diagnosis and investigation of immunodeficiency 1266

Disorders of cell-mediated immunity: combined immunodeficiencies 1271

MHC antigen deficiency 1275

Combined immunodeficiency forming part of other syndromes 1275

DNA repair defects and immunodeficiency 1280

Other immunodeficiencies 1281

Defects of antibody production 1282

Other humoral immune defects 1283

Disorders of phagocytic cells 1284

Complement disorders 1287

Secondary immunodeficiency 1289

Hyposplenism 1291

Treatment of immunodeficiency 1291

Replacement therapy for combined deficiencies 1293

HIV infection 1295

26 Infections / Edited by David Isaacs, J Brian S Coulter 1315

Classification 1316

Mortality and morbidity in infectious disease / Angus Nicoll 1318

Hospital infection control: policies and procedures / Michael Watson 1326

Principles of antimicrobial therapy / Michael Watson 1327

Clinical problems

The child with fever / Peter T Rudd 1331

The child with a rash / Peter T Rudd 1332

Fever and increased respiratory rate / Craig Mellis 1335

Cough and fever / Craig Mellis 1336

Rhinitis / Craig Mellis 1336

Noisy breathing / Craig Mellis 1337

Suspected meningitis / Nigel J Klein 1337

Septic shock / Nigel J Klein 1340

Congenital and neonatal infections / Cheryl Jones, David Isaacs 1342

Bacterial infections

The use of the bacteriology laboratory by the pediatrician / Michael Watson 1346

Botulism / David Isaacs 1349

Brucellosis; undulant fever / Philip D Welsby 1349

Cholera / Stephen Graham 1350

Diphtheria / Bridget A Wills 1352

Escherichia coli / C Anthony Hart 1355

Haemophilus influenzae / Paul T Heath, E Richard Moxon 1358

Leprosy / Diana Lockwood 1360

Leptospirosis / Philip D Welsby 1364

Lyme disease / Philip D Welsby 1364

Meningococcemia / Nigel J Klein 1366

Pertussis / Craig Mellis 1368

Yersiniosis and

plague / David Lalloo 1369

Pneumococcus / Janice Main 1371

Pseudomonas / John Govan 1372

Relapsing fever / J Brian S Coulter 1373

Salmonellae / J Brian S Coulter 1375

Shigella (bacillary dysentry) / J Brian S Coulter 1378

Staphylococcus / Janice Main 1380

Streptococcus and Enterococcus / Janice Main 1381

Tetanus / Jeremy Farrar 1384

Tuberculosis / J Brian S Coulter 1385

Diseases caused by environmental mycobacteria / J Brian S Coulter 1400

Tularemia / Cheryl Jones 1402

Infections due to viruses and allied organisms / David Isaacs, Cheryl Jones 1403

Protozoal infections

Malaria / Malcolm E Molyneux 1443

Trypanosomiasis / David Lalloo 1451

Leishmaniasis / David Lalloo 1455

Toxoplasmosis / Cheryl Jones 1459

Giardiasis / C Anthony Hart 1461

Amebic infections / J Brian S Coulter 1462

Fungal infections / C Anthony Hart 1465

Helminth infection / John M Goldsmid 1475

Flies, fleas, mites and lice / John M Goldsmid 1504

Diseases transmitted by animals / John M Goldsmid 1508

27 Disorders of bones, joints and connective tissues / Joyce Davidson, Andrew Gavin Cleary, Colin Bruce 1525

Assessment of the musculoskeletal system 1526

Congenital and developmental problems 1528

Inherited disorders of bones and joints 1538

Infection in bones and joints 1543

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 1547

Other arthropathies in childhood 1558

Common orthopedic problems in childhood 1558

Vasculitis 1567

Other autoimmune rheumatic disorders 1572

Chronic pain syndromes 1580

Back problems in childhood and adolescence 1582

Osteoporosis 1584

Overuse and sport related problems in children 1586

28 Disorders of the skin / Nigel P Burrows 1595

Nevi and other developmental defects 1596

Hereditary diseases 1600

Infections and infestations of the skin 1610

Urticaria and erythemas 1618

Vesicobullous disorders 1620

Vasculitis 1620

Eczema and dermatitis 1621

Connective tissue diseases 1623

Idiopathic photosensitivity eruptions 1625

Skin diseases of the neonate 1625

Disorders of hypopigmentation 1627

Disorders of hair loss 1628

The histiocytoses 1628

29 Disorders of the eye / Brian W Fleck 1631

Normal visual development 1632

Clinical assessment 1632

Specialized methods of examination 1637

Refractive errors and amblyopia 1638

Strabismus 1639

Nystagmus 1641

The apparently blind infant 1642

Acquired visual loss in children 1643

Childhood visual loss with no abnormality on ophthalmic examination 1645

Orbital disease 1645

Eyelid abnormalities 1646

Lacrimal system 1646

Congenital abnormalities eye development 1647

Conjunctivitis 1647

Corneal disease 1648

Uveitis 1648

Cataract 1648

Glaucoma 1649

Retinal diseases 1649

Diseases of the optic nerve 1652

CNS visual impairment 1652

The eye in relation to medical pediatrics and clinical genetics 1654

Ocular trauma 1656

Management of the visually impaired child and their family 1656

30 Disorders of the ear, nose and throat / David L Cowan, Alastair IG Kerr 1659

The Ear 1659

Congenital abnormalities 1659

Injuries/foreign bodies 1660

Infections of the ears 1660

Referred otalgia 1661

Secretory otitis media 1661

Deafness 1662

The Nose and Sinuses 1664

The nose 1664

Nasal septal deviation 1665

Diseases of the paranasal sinuses 1665

Nasal polyps 1665

Choanal atresia 1666

Diseases of the nasopharynx 1666

Disorders of phonation 1668

31 Allergic disorders / Timothy J David, Peter D Arkwright 1669

Immune mechanisms 1670

Hygiene hypothesis 1671

Types of allergen 1671

Inherited predisposition 1672

Clinical spectrum of disease 1672

Anaphylaxis 1683

Drug allergy 1685

Prevention of atopic disease 1691

32 Accidents, poisoning and SIDS / Jo Sibert, John M Goldsmid, Peter J Fleming 1695

Poisoning in childhood 1695

Injuries to children (unintentional) 1701

Poisonous animal bites and stings 1708

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 1715

33 Psychiatric disorders in childhood / Peter Hoare 1723

Normal and abnormal psychological development 1724

General features of psychiatric disturbance 1729

Assessment procedures 1730

Intellectual ability 1731

Disorders in preschool children 1732

Psychiatric aspects of child abuse 1733

Pervasive developmental disorders 1733

Emotional disorders 1735

Mood disorders 1738

Disorders of elimination 1740

Miscellaneous disorders 1740

Psychological effects of illness and handicap 1742

Treatment methods 1743

Psychiatric disorders in adolescence 1745

Adolescent psychiatric syndromes 1746

Psychiatric aspects of mental retardation in childhood 1753

34 Adolescent medicine / Russell Viner 1757

What is adolescence? 1757

Why is a special medical approach needed for adolescents? 1757

Adolescent development 1759

Resilience and risk in adolescent health 1761

The management of ill health in adolescence 1761

Chronic fatigue syndrome 1764

Health promotion for young people 1766

35 Emergency care / Tom Beattie, Gale Pearson 1769

Pediatric Accident and Emergency Care 1770

The home setting 1770

Data analysis and problem identification 1771

Devising a strategy 1771

Implementing a strategy 1771

Re-audit 1771

Community education 1771

Community care 1771

Prehospital care 1772

The accident and emergency unit services 1772

Approach to the management of the severely ill or injured child in the accident and emergency department 1774

Stopping resuscitation 1775

Approach to the severely injured child 1775

Sciwora 1776

Breathing 1776

Circulation 1776

Disability 1776

Secondary survey 1777

Head injury 1777

Thoracoabdominal injuries 1778

Traumatic dissection of the thoracic aorta 1778

Tension pneumothorax 1778

Moderate chest injury 1778

Abdominal injury 1778

Seat belt injury 1778

Orthopedic injury 1778

Burn care 1780

Complications of burns 1780

Management of the unstable child with underlying pathology 1781

Safe transfer 1782

Pediatric Intensive Care 1783

Postresuscitation stabilization and transfer 1783

Respiratory system 1784

Cardiovascular system 1786

Central nervous system 1788

Fluids and renal replacement therapy 1789

Host defence 1790

A combined organ system approach to critical illness 1790

36 Surgical pediatrics / Gordon A MacKinlay 1793

Neonatal surgery 1793

Surgery of the infant and child 1806

Surgical aspects of the genitourinary tract 1812

37 Pain and palliative care / Ann Goldman, Richard Howard 1821

Pain 1821

Clinical management of pain 1822

Management of neonatal pain 1828

Management of procedural pain 1829

Management of pain in the ICU 1829

Chronic pain 1830

Section 4 Investigations and Therapy

38 Understanding and explaining practical procedures and their management / Steve Cunningham, Mary Rose, Ian A Laing 1837

Preparing patients for procedures 1837

Talking to children about procedures 1838

The management of procedural pain 1838

Paracetamol 1839

Non-specialist procedures 1841

Specialist procedures 1844

39 Practical aspects of diagnostic imaging / George M A Hendry, Alastair Graham Wilkinson 1855

Body systems 1859

40 Biochemical and physiological tables and reference ranges for laboratory tests / Neville R Belton 1879

Biochemical and physiological data 1879

SI units enzymes 1879

41 Pediatric prescribing / George Rylance 1917

Drug handling processes 1917

Pharmacokinetics 1918

Prescribing principles 1918

Drug interactions 1919

Drugs in breast milk 1919

Unlicensed medicines and the use of licensed medicines for unlicensed applications 1919

What parents and children need to know about medicines 1920.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0443071926

OCLC:

51271841