Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia / Diane McKelvey, K. Wayne Hollingshead.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

McKelvey, Diane.

Contributor:

Hollingshead, K. Wayne.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Dogs--Surgery.

Dogs.

Cats--Surgery.

Cats.

Veterinary anesthesia.

Analgesia.

Physical Description:

xiv, 448 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Edition:

Third edition.

Other Title:

Previous ed. published as: Small animal anesthesia and analgesia.

Place of Publication:

St. Louis, Mo. : Mosby, [2003]

Summary:

This practical resource is a concise guide designed to prepare veterinary technicians to administer anesthesia in animals. It discusses essential topics such as preanesthetic preparation of the patient, induction procedures, monitoring animals' vital signs during the anesthetic period, and postoperative care. The operation of anesthetic machines and breathing circuits are described in detail, as well as: the actions and side effects of anesthetic agents; the physiology of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure; emergency response; and specialized techniques such as local anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, and the use of muscle-paralyzing agents and ventilators. In addition to canine and feline anesthesia, this edition has added information on anesthesia of rodents, rabbits, and other animals used in research, plus a new section on anesthesia of cattle, horses, small ruminants and pigs.

Contents:

1 The Preanesthetic Period 1

Patient Evaluation 2

Patient History 2

Physical Examination 5

Diagnostic Tests 11

Classification of Patient Status 14

Selection of the Anesthetic Protocol 15

Factors that Influence Selection 15

Preanesthetic Patient Care 17

Withholding Food Before Anesthesia 17

Correction of Preexisting Problems 18

Intravenous Catheterization 18

Other Preanesthetic Care 24

Preanesthetic Agents 24

Reasons for Use 25

Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics) 27

Tranquilizers and Sedatives 31

Phenothiazines 32

Benzodiazepines 34

Alpha-2 Agents 36

Opioids 39

2 General Anesthesia 51

Components of General Anesthesia 52

Preanesthesia 52

Induction 53

Maintenance 53

Recovery 53

Safety of General Anesthesia 54

Classical Stages and Planes of Anesthesia 55

Induction Techniques and Agents 59

Injectable Agents 59

Inhalation Agents 62

Monitoring during the Induction Period 65

Endotracheal Intubation 65

Advantages 66

Problems 66

Maintenance of Anesthesia 75

Monitoring Vital Signs 76

Use of Instruments to Monitor Vital Signs 82

Determination of SaO[subscript 2] 90

Reflexes and Other Indicators of Anesthetic Depth 97

Judging Anesthetic Depth 103

Recording Information During Anesthesia 105

Patient Positioning and Comfort During Anesthesia 105

Recovery from General Anesthesia 110

Stages of Recovery 110

Anesthetist's Role in the Recovery Period 110

3 Anesthetic Agents and Techniques 119

Comparison of Inhalation and Injectable Anesthesia 119

Injectable Anesthetics 121

Barbiturates 121

Cyclohexamines 131

Neuroleptanalgesia 138

Propofol 138

Etomidate 141

Guaifenesin 141

Inhalation Anesthetics 142

Characteristics of an Ideal Agent 142

Classes of Inhalation Agents 143

Mechanism of Action 145

Effect of Inhalation Agents on Vital Systems 145

Distribution and Elimination 146

Physical Properties 147

Halothane 150

Isoflurane 151

Sevoflurane 153

Methoxyflurane 154

Other Halogenated Agents 155

Nitrous Oxide 156

Agents Used in the Postanesthetic Period 157

Doxapram 158

4 Anesthetic Equipment 165

Endotracheal Tubes 166

Anesthetic Machines and Breathing Circuits 170

Components of the Anesthesia Delivery System 172

Compressed Gas Supply 173

Anesthetic Machine 180

Breathing Circuit 181

Vaporizers 187

Precision Vaporizers 188

Nonprecision Vaporizers 190

VOC versus VIC 190

Factors that Influence Vaporizer Function 192

Operation of the Anesthetic Machine 194

Rebreathing Systems 195

Nonrebreathing Systems 195

Choice of Rebreathing versus Nonrebreathing Systems 199

Carrier Gas Flow Rates 200

Safety Concerns with a Total Rebreathing System 205

Care and Use of Anesthetic Equipment 207

Daily Setup 207

Ongoing Maintenance 207

5 Workplace Safety 217

Hazards of Waste Anesthetic Gas 217

Short-Term Effects 218

Long-Term Effects 218

Assessment of Risk 220

Reducing Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gas 222

Monitoring Waste Gas Levels 231

Safe Handling of Compressed Gases 231

Fire Safety Precautions 231

Use and Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders 231

Accidental Exposure to Injectable Agents 232

6 Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies 238

Reasons Why Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies Arise 239

Human Error 239

Equipment Failure 241

Anesthetic Agents 244

Patient Factors 244

Response to Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies 258

Role of the Veterinary Technician in Emergency Care 258

Emergency Situations that May Arise during Anesthesia 259

Problems that May Arise in the Recovery Period 276

7 Special Techniques 286

Local Anesthesia 286

Agents 287

Characteristics 287

Mechanism of Action 288

Route of Administration of Local Anesthetics 289

Toxicity of Local Anesthetics 296

Controlled Ventilation 300

Ventilation in the Awake Animal 301

Ventilation in the Anesthetized Animal 301

Types of Controlled Ventilation 302

Risks of Controlled Ventilation 307

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 307

8 Analgesia 315

Why Treat Pain? 316

Physiology of Pain 317

Monitoring Signs of Pain 318

Methods of Pain Control 321

Pharmacologic Analgesia 324

Preemptive Analgesia 324

Mechanisms of Pain Relief 325

Classes of Analgesic Drugs 326

Opioid Agents 326

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs 337

Other Analgesic Agents 343

Combination Therapy 344

Home Analgesia 345

9 Anesthesia of Rodents and Rabbits 350

Patient Evaluation 350

Handling and Restraint 351

Physical Examination of Small Mammals 360

Diagnostic Tests 361

Preanesthetic Patient Care 361

Withholding Food Before Anesthesia 361

Correction of Preexisting Problems 362

Preanesthetic Agents 362

Anticholinergics 363

Phenothiazines 363

Benzodiazepines 363

Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Agonists 363

Opioids 365

General Anesthesia 365

Induction Techniques and Agents 365

Summary of Recommended Techniques 370

Intubation and Maintenance of Anesthesia 368

Monitoring 373

Postoperative Care 378

Anesthetic Emergencies 378

Respiratory Depression 378

Circulatory Failure 379

Analgesia 380

Pain Assessment in Small Mammals 380

Analgesic Agents 381

Administration of Analgesics 384

10 Large Animal Anesthesia 387

General Considerations 387

Biologic Variations 387

Handling and Restraint 388

Horses 388

Sedation and Standing Chemical Restraint 388

Field Anesthesia 390

Inhalant Anesthesia 392

Monitoring and Supportive Care 394

Foals 401

Cattle 402

Sedation and Chemical Restraint 404

General Anesthesia 404

Monitoring and Supportive Care 405

Calves 406

Small Ruminants 407

Swine 408

Regional/Local Anesthetic Techniques in Large Animals 411

Appendix A Standard Values and Equivalents 417

Appendix B Catheter Comparison Scale 420

Appendix C Equipment for Intravenous (IV) Induction and Inhalation Anesthesia 421

Appendix D Equipment and Drugs for Use in an Emergency Crash Kit 422.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0323019889

OCLC:

51839516