Pharmacology / H. P. Rang ... [and others] ; illustrations by Peter Lamb.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Rang, H. P.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pharmacology.

Drug Therapy.

Medical Subjects:

Pharmacology.

Drug Therapy.

Physical Description:

xii, 797 pages : color illustrations ; 28 cm

Edition:

Fifth edition.

Place of Publication:

Edinburgh ; New York : Churchill Livingstone, 2003.

Summary:

Pharmacology is now firmly established as a world wide best-selling and highly acclaimed textbook for medical and science students. Its successful approach emphasies the mechanisms by which drugs act and relates these to the overall pharmacological effects and clinical uses. It sets out for the reader a clear route from a molecular understanding of receptors and drug actions, to the therapeutic uses of the most important groups of drugs. For the Fifth Edition the text has been completely updated, incorporating significant new information published in the last few years, while obsolete material has been removed. New agents are fully discussed as well as extensions of basic knowledge which presage further drug development.

Contents:

Pharmacology in the 20th century 3

The binding of drug molecules to cells 7

Desensitisation and tachyphylaxis 19

3. How drugs act: molecular aspects 22

Targets for drug action 22

Receptor proteins 26

Ion channels as drug targets 45

Control of receptor expression 47

Receptors and disease 48

4. Cellular mechanisms: excitation, contraction and secretion 51

Regulation of intracellular calcium levels 51

Excitation 55

Muscle contraction 62

Release of chemical mediators 64

Epithelial ion transport 66

5. Cellular mechanisms: cell proliferation and apoptosis 69

Cell proliferation 69

Angiogenesis 74

Apoptosis and cell removal 74

Pathophysiological implications 77

Therapeutic implications 77

6. Method and measurement in pharmacology 80

Bioassay 80

Animal models of disease 84

Clinical trials 86

Balancing benefit and risk 89

7. Absorption and distribution of drugs 91

Translocation of drug molecules 91

Special drug delivery systems 104

8. Drug elimination and pharmacokinetics 106

Drug metabolism 106

Renal excretion of drugs and drug metabolites 111

Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation 113

Section 2 Chemical Mediators

9. Chemical mediators and the autonomic nervous system 122

Historical aspects 122

The peripheral nervous system 123

Some general principles of chemical transmission 126

Basic steps in neurochemical transmission: sites of drug action 133

10. Cholinergic transmission 136

Muscarinic and nicotinic actions of acetylcholine 136

Acetylcholine receptors 137

Physiology of cholinergic transmission 139

Effects of drugs on cholinergic transmission 143

11. Noradrenergic transmission 161

Classification of adrenoceptors 161

Physiology of noradrenergic transmission 164

Drugs acting on adrenoceptors 168

Drugs that affect noradrenergic neurons 176

12. Other peripheral mediators: 5-hydroxytryptamine and purines 184

5-hydroxytryptamine 184

Purines 192

13. Peptides and proteins as mediators 198

General principles of peptide pharmacology 198

Biosynthesis and regulation of peptides 202

Peptide antagonists 204

Proteins and peptides as drugs 205

14. Nitric oxide 208

Biosynthesis of nitric oxide and its control 209

Degradation and carriage of nitric oxide 210

Therapeutic approaches 213

Clinical conditions in which nitric oxide may play a part 214

15. Local hormones, inflammation and immune reactions 217

The components of the acute inflammatory reaction 217

The outcome of the inflammatory response 228

Mediators of inflammation and immune reactions 229

Current therapies based on manipulation of the immune response 241

Potential new therapies 241

16. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs 244

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 244

Antagonists of histamine 252

Drugs used in gout 254

Antirheumatoid drugs 255

Immunosuppressant drugs 257

Possible future developments 260

Section 3 Drugs Affecting Major Organ Systems

17. The heart 264

Physiology of cardiac function 264

Drugs that affect cardiac function 272

18. The vascular system 285

Vascular structure and function 285

Control of vascular smooth muscle tone 286

Vasoactive drugs 292

Clinical uses of vasoactive drugs 298

19. Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism 306

Atherogenesis 306

Lipoprotein transport in the blood 307

Lipid-lowering drugs 309

20. Haemostasis and thrombosis 314

Blood coagulation 315

Drugs that act on the coagulation cascade 317

Platelet adhesion and activation 323

Fibrinolysis (thrombolysis) 327

21. The haemopoietic system 330

The haemopoietic system 330

Haematinic agents 331

Haemopoietic growth factors 336

22. The respiratory system 340

The regulation of respiration 340

Disorders of respiration and the drugs used in treatment 341

23. The kidney 352

Outline of renal function 352

The structure and function of the nephron 352

Drugs acting on the kidney 362

Drugs which alter the pH of the urine 365

Drugs which alter the excretion of organic molecules 365

24. The gastrointestinal tract 367

The innervation and the hormones of the gastrointestinal tract 367

Gastric secretion 368

Vomiting 372

The motility of the gastrointestinal tract 375

Drugs for chronic inflammatory bowel disease 377

Drugs affecting the biliary system 378

25. The endocrine pancreas and the control of blood glucose 380

Pancreatic islet hormones 380

Control of blood glucose 385

Diabetes mellitus and the drugs used in treatment 385

26. Obesity 394

The homeostatic mechanisms controlling energy balance 394

Obesity as a health problem and possible treatments 397

27. The pituitary and adrenal cortex 404

The pituitary and drugs used in therapy 404

The adrenal cortex and drugs used in therapy 411

28. The thyroid 421

Synthesis, storage and secretion of thyroid hormones 421

Regulation of thyroid function 422

Actions of the thyroid hormones 423

Transport and metabolism 424

Abnormalities of thyroid function 424

Drugs used in diseases of the thyroid 425

29. The reproductive system 429

Endocrine control of reproduction and modulating drugs 429

Drugs used for contraception 439

The uterus 441

Erectile dysfunction 443

30. Bone metabolism 446

Bone structure and composition 446

Bone remodelling 446

Disorders of bone and the drugs used in treatment 451

Section 4 The Nervous System

31. Chemical transmission and drug action in the central nervous system 456

Chemical signalling in the nervous system 457

Targets for drug action 458

Drug action in the central nervous system 459

The classification of psychotropic drugs 460

32. Amino acid transmitters 462

Excitatory amino acids 462

Glutamate 463

Gamma-aminobutyric acid 470

Glycine 473

33. Other transmitters and modulators 474

Noradrenaline 475

Dopamine 476

5-Hydroxytryptamine 480

Acetylcholine 483

Purines 485

Histamine 485

Other CNS mediators 485

34. Neurodegenerative disorders 490

Mechanisms of neuronal death 490

Ischaemic brain damage 493

Alzheimer's disease 494

Parkinson's disease 497

Huntington's disease 501

Neurodegenerative prion diseases 501

35. General anaesthetic agents 503

Mechanism of action of anaesthetic drugs 504

The effects of anaesthetics on nervous system 505

Effects on the cardiovascular respiratory systems 506

Individual inhalation anaesthetics 509

Intravenous anaesthetic agents 511

36. Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs 515

The nature of anxiety and measurement of anxiolytic activity 515

Classification of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs 516

Benzodiazepines 517

Benzodiazepine antagonists 523

Buspirone 523

Barbiturates 523

Other potential anxiolytic drugs 524

37. Antipsychotic drugs 525

The nature of schizophrenia 525

38. Drugs used in affective disorders 535

The nature of depression 535

Theories of depression 536

Antidepressant drugs 538

Electroconvulsive therapy 547

Clinical effectiveness of antidepressant treatments 548

Mood-stabilising drugs 548

39. Antiepileptic drugs 550

The nature of epilepsy 550

Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs 553

Antiepileptic drugs 554

Muscle spasm and centrally acting muscle relaxants 559

40. Analgesic drugs 562

Neural mechanisms of pain 562

New approaches 583

41. CNS stimulants and psychotomimetic drugs 585

Convulsants and respiratory stimulants 585

Psychomotor stimulants 587

Psychotomimetic drugs 591

42. Drug dependence and drug abuse 594

Nicotine and tobacco 598

Ethanol 603

Cannabis 608

43. Local anaesthetics 612

Other drugs that affect sodium channels 616

Section 5 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Infections and Cancer

44. Basic principles of chemotherapy 620

The molecular

basis of chemotherapy 620

Resistance to antibacterial drugs 629

45. Antibacterial drugs 635

Antimicrobial agents that interfere with the synthesis or action of folate 637

Beta-lactam antibiotics 639

Antimicrobial agents affecting bacterial protein synthesis 643

Antimicrobial agents affecting topoisomerase II 647

Miscellaneous antibacterial agents 648

Antimycobacterial agents 649

Possible new antibacterial drugs 652

46. Antiviral drugs 654

The host-virus interaction 655

HIV and AIDS 657

47. Antifungal drugs 666

Fungal infections 666

Drugs used for fungal infections 666

Potential new antifungal therapies 670

48. Antiprotozoal drugs 672

Host-parasite interactions 672

Malaria 673

Pneumocystis pneumonia and its treatment 682

Amoebiasis and amoebicidal drugs 682

Leishmaniasis and leishmanicidal drugs 683

Trypanosomiasis and trypanosomicidal drugs 684

Trichomoniasis and trichomonicidal drugs 684

Toxoplasmosis and toxoplasmocidal drugs 684

New approaches to antiprotozoal therapy 685

49. Anthelminthic drugs 687

Helminth infections 687

Resistance to anthelminthic drugs 691

New approaches to anthelminthic therapy 691

50. Cancer chemotherapy 693

The pathogenesis of cancer 693

General principles of action of cytotoxic anticancer drugs 696

Drugs used in cancer chemotherapy 698

Resistance to anticancer drugs 706

Treatment schedules 707

Techniques for dealing with emesis and myelosuppression 707

Possible future strategies for cancer chemotherapy 707

Section 6 Special Topics

51. Individual variation and drug interaction 712

Effects of ethnicity 712

Effects of age 713

Effects of pregnancy 714

Genetic factors 714

Idiosyncratic reactions 716

Effects of disease 717

Drug interactions 718

52. Harmful effects of drugs 724

Types of adverse drug reaction 724

Drug toxicity 725

53. Gene therapy 738

Technical aspects 739

Safety 743

Therapeutic aspects 743

54. Drug discovery and development 747

The preclinical stages 747

Clinical development 749

Commercial aspects 750.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0443071454

0443072027

OCLC:

52639325