Dental biomechanics / edited by Arturo N. Natali.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Natali, Arturo N.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Dentistry, Operative.

Dental materials.

Biomechanics.

Human mechanics.

Biomechanical Phenomena.

Dental Implants.

Materials Testing.

Osseointegration.

Periodontal Ligament.

Tomography, X-Ray.

Medical Subjects:

Biomechanical Phenomena.

Dental Implants.

Materials Testing.

Osseointegration.

Periodontal Ligament.

Tomography, X-Ray.

Physical Description:

xvii, 271 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

London ; New York : Taylor & Francis, 2003.

Summary:

Dental Biomechanics is a wide reaching text that provides a comprehensive survey of the field, leading the reader through the approaches that can be adopted in the mechanical analysis of dental problems, both in dental implants and in orthodontics as well as in natural tooth mechanics. With contributions from leading international experts in the field, it presents an innovative multidisciplinary approach covering the mechanics of the biological tissues, the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials used in dental practice and the most relevant clinical aspects. It also illustrates the potential of computer-aided technology in areas such as dental imaging and oral rehabilitation.

Contents:

1. Mechanics of bone tissue / An Natali, Rt Hart, Pg Pavan, I Knets 1

1.2 Bone 2

1.3 Experimental testing and results 3

1.3.1 Anisotropic characteristics of bone tissue 3

1.3.2 Time dependent response 4

1.3.3 Bone hydration 5

1.3.4 Influence of specimen location and age 5

1.3.5 Fatigue strength 6

1.3.6 Trabecular bone: mechanical properties 7

1.3.7 Analysis using the ultrasound technique 8

1.4 Constitutive models for bone 9

1.4.1 Linear elastic models 9

1.4.2 Structural properties 11

1.4.3 Limit state of bone 12

1.5 Role of mechanics in adaptation 13

1.5.1 Phenomenological models 14

1.5.2 Mechanistic models 16

2. Mechanics of periodontal ligament / M Nishihira, K Yamamoto, Y Sato, H Ishikawa, An Natali 20

2.2 Constitutive models for the periodontal ligament 20

2.2.1 Hyperelastic constitutive models 21

2.2.2 Visco-elastic constitutive models 22

2.2.3 Multi-phase constitutive models 24

2.3 Review of the mechanical properties of the PDL 24

2.3.1 Experimental studies on the viscoelasticity of the PDL 24

2.3.2 Experimental studies on the elastic constants of the PDL 25

2.4 Measurements of the elastic modulus of the PDL 26

2.4.1 Materials 27

2.4.2 Mechanical testing machine 27

2.4.3 Mechanical tests on the PDL 30

2.4.4 Results 30

3. Computer tomography for virtual models in dental imaging / An Natali, Mm Viola 35

3.2 Foundations of X-ray Computed Tomography 36

3.2.1 Physical principles of x-ray absorption 36

3.2.2 Data acquisition 37

3.2.3 Reconstruction algorithms 38

3.2.3.1 Iterative Method 38

3.2.3.2 Filtered Back Projection 39

3.2.4 X-ray production 40

3.2.5 X-ray detectors 40

3.2.6 Volume reconstruction in computed tomography 42

3.2.7 CT-relief accuracy 42

3.3 CT software for dento-maxillo-facial imaging 43

3.4 Notes on NMR applications in maxillo-facial area 44

3.5 Virtual model generation 44

3.5.1 Geometric model 45

3.5.1.1 Segmentation techniques 45

3.5.1.1.1 Thresholding technique 45

3.5.1.1.2 Edge finding techniques 46

3.5.1.2 Border definition 47

3.5.2 Material characteristics estimation 48

3.5.2.1 Densitometry 49

3.5.2.2 Mechanical properties 50

4. Computer-aided, pre-surgical analysis for oral rehabilitation / H Van Oosterwyck, J Vander Sloten, J Duyck, J Van Cleynenbreugel, B Puers, I Naert 52

4.2 Methodology 53

4.2.1 CT-based anatomical modelling 54

4.2.2 CT-based bone properties 56

4.3 Analysis developed 59

4.3.1 Influence of oral restoration parameters on bone loading 59

4.3.2 In vivo bone loading patterns 62

4.4 Pre-surgical analysis 64

4.5 From planning to clinical practice: a technological challenge 65

5. Materials in dental implantology / E Fernandez, Fj Gil, C Aparicio, M Nilsson, S Sarda, D Rodriguez, Mp Ginebra, Jm Manero, M Navarro, J Casals, Ja Planell 69

5.2 Metals and alloys for dental implant devices 70

5.3 Titanium and its alloys for medical devices 71

5.3.1 Grade-1 CP-titanium 72

5.3.2 Grade-2 CP-titanium 72

5.3.3 Grade-3 CP-titanium 74

5.3.4 Grade-4 CP-titanium 74

5.4 Manufacturing processes of titanium alloys 74

5.4.1 Casting titanium alloys 75

5.4.2 Welding titanium alloys 75

5.4.3 Forging titanium alloys 75

5.4.4 Powder metallurgy and titanium alloys 76

5.5 Machining titanium alloys 76

5.6 Surface treatments on titanium alloys 80

5.6.1 Mechanical treatments 80

5.6.2 Diffusion treatments 82

5.6.3 Chemical deposition 83

5.6.3.1 The Method of Ohtsuki 83

5.6.3.2 The Method of Kokubo 84

5.6.3.3 The Method of Li 84

5.6.3.4 The Method of Campbell 84

5.6.3.5 The Method of Klas De Groot 85

5.6.3.6 The Method of Ducheyne 85

5.7 Improving the reliability of implant osseointegration 85

6. Dental devices in titanium-based materials via casting route / F Bonollo, An Natali, Pg Pavan 90

6.2 Microstructure and properties of titanium and its alloys 90

6.3 Shaping of titanium components by casting processes 94

6.3.1 Investment casting 95

6.3.2 Pressure-assisted casting of titanium 96

6.4 Effects of processing on the quality of castings 98

6.5 A case history: manufacturing a titanium framework 99

6.5.1 The framework and the casting process 99

6.5.2 Visualising the process by means of numerical simulation 101

6.6 Mechanical analysis of titanium bars 107

7. Testing the reliability of dental implant devices / M Soncini, Rp Pietrabissa, An Natali, Pg Pavan, Kr Williams 111

7.2 Mechanical reliability of dental implants 112

7.2.1 Dental implant configuration 112

7.2.2 Materials and surface treatments 114

7.2.3 Loading conditions 114

7.3 Mechanical testing of dental implants 115

7.3.1 Experimental tests for evaluating ultimate load 116

7.3.1.1 Analysis of the post-elastic behaviour of dental implants 117

7.3.2 Numerical simulation of experimental tests 118

7.3.3 Fatigue tests for evaluating the long-term reliability of dental implants 120

7.4 Experimental tests to evaluate the efficiency of bone-implant interaction 122

7.4.1 The experimental procedure 123

7.4.2 The mechanical test results 124

7.4.3 Morphological aspects of the bone surrounding implants 126

8. On the mechanics of superelastic orthodontic appliances / Fa Auricchio, Vc Cacciafesta, Lp Petrini, Rp Pietrabissa 132

8.2 Shape-memory materials 136

8.3 SMA in dentistry: state of the art 138

8.3.1 Applications 138

8.3.2 Experimental investigations 139

8.3.3 Constitutive law and numerical modelling 140

8.4 A new experimental investigation 141

8.4.1 Materials and methods 141

8.4.2 Cyclic loading at slow rate 142

8.4.3 Comments on experimental results 142

8.5 Orthodontic simulation 145

8.5.1 Archwire 148

8.5.2 Retraction T-loop 151

8.5.3 Retraction V-loop 154

9. Clinical procedures for dental implants / G Vogel, S Abati, E Romeo, M Chiapasco 159

9.2 Diagnostic procedures 159

9.2.1 Medical history 159

9.2.2 Extra-oral clinical examination 161

9.2.3 Intra-oral clinical examination 161

9.2.4 Study casts and waxing 162

9.2.5 Evaluation of implant site 162

9.3 Surgical procedure in oral implantology 163

9.3.1 Antisepsis and patient preparation 163

9.3.2 Atraumatic surgery for implant placement 164

9.3.3 Prevention and treatment of surgical complications 171

9.3.3.1 Intraoperative complications 171

9.3.3.2 Postoperative complications 173

9.4 Designing the prosthetic rehabilitation in oral implantology 175

9.4.1 Load factors on implant supported rehabilitations 176

9.4.2 Prosthetic framework and prosthetic leverage 176

9.4.3 Number and position of implants 177

9.4.4 Connection to teeth 177

9.5 Prognostic evaluation in oral implantology 178

10. Clinical procedures in orthodontics / G Garattini, Mc Meazzini 183

10.1.1 Diagnosis 183

10.1.2 Orthodontic treatment planning 185

10.2 Components of orthodontic appliances and their action 187

10.2.1 Removable appliances 187

10.2.2 Fixed appliances 190

10.2.2.1 Brackets 190

10.2.2.2 Bands 192

10.2.2.3 Archwires 192

10.2.2.4 Elastics and springs 193

10.3 Biomechanics in orthodontic clinical practice 193

10.3.1 Basic mechanical diagnosis 193

10.3.2 Mechanical treatment planning 194

10.3.2.1 Visualized treatment objectives 194

10.3.2.2 Glossary of orthodontic biomechanics 196

10.3.2.3 Mechanical treatment plan 197

10.3.3 Appliance configuration 198

10.3.3.1 Two tooth systems 198

10.3.3.2 Intrusion mechanics 201

10.3.3.3 Transpalatal bars and lingual arches 203

10.3.3.4 Headgear 204

10.3.3.5 The mechanics of space closure 206

10.3.3.6 Uprighting mechanics 208

11. Numerical approach to dental biomechanics / An Natali, Pg Pavan 211

11.2 Interaction between implant and bone 212

11.2.1 Mechanical characterisation of bone tissue 213

11.2.2 Implant loading 214

11.2.3 Boundary conditions 214

11.3 Mechanics of single implants 214

11.4 Mechanics of multiple implant systems 222

11.4.1 Geometrical configuration 222

11.4.2 Loading conditions 223

11.5 The mobility of natural dentition 227

11.5.1 Geometric configuration of the periodontium 228

11.5.2 Loading configurations 228

11.5.3 Constitutive models 229

11.5.4 Numerical analysis of in vivo response 230

11.5.4.1 Non-linear elastic response 231

11.5.4.2 Time-dependent behaviour 232

11.5.5 Pseudo-elasticity 235

12. Mechanics of materials / An Natali, Pg Pavan, Em Meroi 240

12.2 Material models 240

12.3 Deformation of continuum 244

12.3.1 Kinematics 244

12.3.2 Strain and its measures 245

12.4 The concept of stress and its measures 249

12.4.1 Stress vector 249

12.4.2 Cauchy stress tensor 250

12.4.2.1 The symmetry of the Cauchy stress tensor 251

12.4.3 Different stress measures 252

12.5 Balance laws 252

12.5.1 Conservation of mass 253

12.5.2 Weak form of momenta balance 253

12.6 Constitutive models 254

12.6.1 Linear elasticity 255

12.6.1.1 Extension of finite displacements 256

12.6.2 Non-linear elasticity 257

12.6.2.1 Hyperelasticity 257

12.6.3 Linear visco-elasticity 259

12.6.4 Elasto-damage models 260

12.6.5 Multi-phase media 261

12.6.5.1 Balance conditions 262

12.6.5.2 Constitutive laws 263.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0415306663

OCLC:

50755218