Phillips' science of dental materials / [edited by] Kenneth J. Anusavice ; selected artwork by José dos Santos, Jr. ; graphical illustrations by Chiayi Shen.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Anusavice, Kenneth J., 1940-2021.

Phillips, Ralph W. (Ralph Wilbur), 1918-1991.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Dental materials.

Dental Materials.

Medical Subjects:

Dental Materials.

Physical Description:

xxv, 805 pages, 21 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 27 cm

Edition:

Eleventh edition.

Other Title:

Science of dental materials

Dental materials

Place of Publication:

St. Louis, Mo. : Saunders, [2003]

Summary:

The 11th edition of this leading reference is an outstanding, scientifically based source of information in the field of dental materials science. It presents up-to-date information on materials that are used in the dental office and laboratory every day, emphasizing practical, clinical use, as well as the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials. Extensive new clinical photographs in this edition illustrate the topics, and color plates are integrated close to related concepts as they're discussed in each chapter. A new glossary of key terms found at the beginning of every chapter defines terms in the appropriate context of the chapter's discussion. Also in this edition, critical thinking questions throughout the book stimulate the readers' curiosity on specific topics, test their existing knowledge, and heighten their awareness of important or controversial subjects.

Contents:

Part I General Classes and Properties of Dental Materials

1 Overview of Materials for Dental Applications / Kenneth J. Anusavice 3

Historical Use of Restorative Materials 6

Standards for Dental Materials 9

ADA Acceptance Program 9

General Provisions for ADA Acceptance 11

U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulations 13

International Standards 14

ISO Standards, Subcommittees, and Working Groups 15

How Safe Are Dental Restorative Materials? 18

2 Structure of Matter and Principles of Adhesion / Kenneth J. Anusavice 21

Change of State 22

Interatomic Primary Bonds 23

Interatomic Secondary Bonds 25

Interatomic Bond Distance and Bonding Energy 26

Thermal Energy 28

Crystalline Structure 30

Noncrystalline Solids and Their Structures 32

Diffusion 33

Adhesion and Bonding 34

Adhesion to Tooth Structure 39

3 Physical Properties of Dental Materials / Kenneth J. Anusavice, William A. Brantley 41

Abrasion and Abrasion Resistance 43

Viscosity 43

Structural and Stress Relaxation 45

Creep and Flow 46

Color and Color Perception 46

Thermophysical Properties 52

Introduction to Tarnish and Corrosion 56

Causes of Tarnish and Corrosion 57

Classification of Corrosion 57

Electrochemical Corrosion 58

Protection Against Corrosion 65

Corrosion of Dental Restorations 65

Evaluation of Tarnish and Corrosion Resistance 66

Clinical Significance of Galvanic Currents 69

4 Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials / Kenneth J. Anusavice 73

Stresses and Strains 75

Mechanical Properties Based on Elastic Deformation 79

Strength Properties 85

Mechanical Properties of Tooth Structure 92

Mastication Forces and Stresses 93

Other Mechanical Properties 94

Stress Concentration Factors 99

Criteria for Selection of Restorative Materials 100

5 Solidification and Microstructure of Metals / William A. Brantley 103

Metals 104

Metallic Bonds 107

Alloys 107

Solidification of Metals 108

6 Equilibrium Phases in Cast Alloys / William A. Brantley 119

Classification of Alloys 120

Solid Solutions 121

Constitution or Equilibrium Phase Diagrams 124

Eutectic Alloys 130

Physical Properties 134

Peritectic Alloys 134

Solid State Reactions 135

Other Binary Systems 139

Ternary and Higher-Order Alloy Systems 140

7 Dental Polymers / H. Ralph Rawls 143

Applications of Resins in Dentistry 144

Classification 144

Requisites for Dental Resins 145

Physical Properties of Polymers 150

Chemistry of Polymerization 154

Copolymerization 162

Acrylic Dental Resins 163

8 Biocompatibility of Dental Materials / John C. Wataha 171

Biocompatibility: Historical Background 172

Adverse Effects from Dental Materials 174

Biological Response in the Dental Environment 181

Measuring the Biocompatibility of Materials 188

Current Biocompatibility Issues in Dentistry 194

Clinical Guidelines for Selecting Biocompatible Materials 200

Part II Auxiliary Dental Materials

9 Impression Materials / Chiayi Shen 205

Materials Used for Making Impressions 208

Elastomeric Impression Materials: Chemistry and Composition 212

Elastomeric Materials: Making an Impression 216

Elastomeric Impression Materials: Properties 223

Hydrocolloids 231

Agar (Reversible) Hydrocolloids 234

Alginate (Irreversible) Hydrocolloids 239

Other Applications and Handling of Hydrocolloids 245

Inelastic Impression Materials 248

Impression Compound 250

Zinc Oxide-Eugenol (ZOE) Impression Pastes 251

10 Gypsum Products / Kenneth J. Anusavice 255

Uses of Gypsum in Dentistry 255

Dental Plaster and Stone 257

Setting of Gypsum Products 258

Setting Reactions 259

Tests for Working, Setting, and Final Setting Times 261

Control of the Setting Time 264

Setting Expansion 266

Accelerators and Retarders: Practice and Theory 268

Hygroscopic Setting Expansion 270

Strength 271

Types of Gypsum Products 273

Proportioning, Mixing, and Caring for Gypsum Products 276

Infection Control 280

11 Dental Waxes / Kenneth J. Anusavice 283

Types of Inlay Wax 284

Composition 285

Desirable Properties 286

Flow 287

Thermal Properties 288

Wax Distortion 289

Manipulation of Inlay Wax 290

Other Dental Waxes 292

12 Casting Investments and Procedures / Kenneth J. Anusavice 295

Gypsum-Bonded Investment 296

Phosphate-Bonded Investment 309

Ethyl Silicate-Bonded Investment 313

Clinical Evaluation of Casting Fit 314

Compensation for Solidification Shrinkage 316

Preparation of the Master Die 316

Methods of Altering Die Dimensions 317

Variables and Principles of Optimal Sprue Design 319

Casting Ring Liner 323

Investing Procedure 324

Casting Procedure 326

Technical Considerations for Phosphate-Bonded Investment 336

Causes of Defective Castings 337

13 Finishing and Polishing Materials / Kenneth J. Anusavice, Sibel A. Antonson 351

Benefits of Finishing and Polishing Restorative Materials 352

Principles of Cutting, Grinding, Finishing, and Polishing 352

Abrasion and Erosion 358

Abrasive Instrument Design 361

Types of Abrasives 367

Finishing and Polishing Procedures 371

Dentifrices 373

Part III Direct Restorative Materials

14 Bonding / Barry K. Norling 381

Mechanisms of Adhesion 382

Acid-Etch Technique 382

Dentin Bonding Agents 386

Measurement of Bond Strength and Microleakage 394

Glass Ionomer Restoratives 395

Amalgam Bonding 396

Pit and Fissure Sealants 396

15 Restorative Resins / H. Ralph Rawls, Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw 399

Aesthetic Restorative Materials 400

Composite Restorative Materials 401

Curing of Resin-Based Composites 410

Classification of Resin-Based Composites 417

Composites for Posterior Restorations 428

Use of Composites for Resin Veneers 433

Finishing of Composites 434

Biocompatibility of Composites 436

Repair of Composites 437

Survival Probability of Composites 437

16 Dental Cements / Chiayi Shen 443

Fluoride-Releasing Cements for Direct-Filling Restorations 446

Cements as Luting Agents 449

Agents for Pulp Protection 458

Zinc Phosphate Cement 461

Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement 466

Glass Ionomer Cement 471

Metal-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cements 479

Highly Viscous Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement 481

Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (Hybrid Ionomer) 482

Compomer 484

Resin Cements 486

Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement 489

Calcium Hydroxide 491

Solubility and Disintegration of Cements 492

17 Dental Amalgams / Sally J. Marshall, Grayson W. Marshall, Jr., Kenneth J. Anusavice 495

Alloy Composition 496

Manufacture of Alloy Powder 500

Amalgamation and Resulting Microstructures 502

Dimensional Stability 508

Strength 511

Creep 515

Clinical Performance of Amalgam Restorations 516

Factors Affecting Success of Amalgam Restorations 520

Mercury/Alloy Ratio 521

Mechanical Trituration 523

Condensation 527

Carving and Finishing 530

Clinical Significance of Dimensional Change 531

Side Effects of Mercury 535

Marginal Deterioration 538

Repaired Amalgam Restorations 540

18 Direct Filling Gold / Kenneth J. Anusavice 545

History of Gold Foil Used as a Tooth-Filling Material 546

Properties of Pure Gold 546

Forms of Direct Filling Gold 547

Gold Foil 548

Electrolytic Precipitate 550

Granular (Powdered) Gold 551

Removal of Surface Impurities 551

Compaction of Direct Filling Gold 553

Physical Properties of Compacted Gold 556

The Direct Gold Restoration 558

Part IV Indirect Restorative and Prosthetic Materials

19 Dental Casting and Soldering Alloys / Kenneth J.

Anusavice, Paul Cascone 563

Historical Perspective on Dental Casting Alloys 564

Desirable Properties of Dental Casting Alloys 567

Classification of Dental Casting Alloys 570

Alloys for All-Metal and Resin-Veneered Restorations 574

High Noble and Noble Alloys for Metal-Ceramic Prostheses 580

Base Metal Alloys for Cast Metal and Metal-Ceramic Prostheses 594

Biological Hazards and Precautions: Risks for Dental Laboratory Technicians 596

Guidelines for Selection and Use of Base Metals for Crown and Bridge Applications 598

Partial Denture Alloys and Guidelines for Selection 604

Alternatives to Cast Metal Technology 605

Soldering of Dental Alloys 608

Heat Sources for Soldering 612

Technique Considerations for Soldering 614

Radiographic Analysis of Solder Joint Quality 616

Laser Welding of Commercially Pure Titanium 616

Cast-Joining Process 617

20 Wrought Alloys / William A. Brantley 621

Deformation of Metals 622

Effects of Annealing Cold-Worked Metal 633

Carbon Steels 636

Stainless Steels 637

Corrosion Resistance and Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel 639

Soldering and Welding of Stainless Steel 643

Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel Alloys 645

Nickel-Titanium Alloys 646

Beta-Titanium Alloys 649

Other Wrought Alloys 652

21 Dental Ceramics / Kenneth J. Anusavice 655

History of Dental Ceramics 660

Classification of Dental Ceramics 663

Ceramic Processing Methods 664

Metal-Ceramic Prostheses 666

Ceramic Prostheses 680

Methods of Strengthening Ceramics 697

Abrasiveness of Dental Ceramics 704

Clinical Performance of Ceramic Prostheses 710

Porcelain Denture Teeth 711

Factors Affecting the Color of Ceramics 711

Chemical Attack of Glass-Phase Ceramics by Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride 713

Criteria for Selection and Use of Dental Ceramics 714

22 Denture Base Resins / Rodney D. Phoenix 721

Heat-Activated Denture Base Resins 722

Compression Molding Technique 724

Polymer-Monomer Interaction 727

Chemically Activated Denture Base Resins 734

Light-Activated Denture Base Resins 737

Physical Properties of Denture Base Resins 738

Miscellaneous Resins and Techniques 747

Resin Teeth for Prosthetic Applications 754

Materials for Maxillofacial Prosthetics 755

23 Dental Implants / Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw 759

History of Dental Implants 760

Classification of Implants 761

Implant Components 766

Clinical Success of Dental Implants 767

Implant Materials 768

Selecting an Implant Material 774

Biocompatibility of Implants 777

Biomechanics 778.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0721693873

OCLC:

51982685