Soyuz : a universal spacecraft / Rex D. Hall and David J. Shayler.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hall, Rex, 1946-

Contributor:

Shayler, David, 1955-

Series:

Springer-Praxis books in astronomy and space sciences

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Soyuz spacecraft.

Space vehicles--Russia (Federation).

Space vehicles.

Russia (Federation).

Physical Description:

xxxvi, 459 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

London ; New York : Springer, ; Chichester, UK : Praxis Pub., [2003]

Summary:

From 1966 up to the present time the Soyuz spacecraft has carried all the hopes of Soviet and Russian human space operations. It has flown as an independent spacecraft in earth orbit, to the moon and as the ferry to Salyut and Mir space stations. It is also the primary rescue craft for the International Space Station. In Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft, Rex Hall and David Shayler chronicle the development of the craft in all its different manned and unmanned variants. This highly readable book draws on a variety of sources, pictures, drawings and detailed information from a wide range of Russian and Western archival material. Here is a history of a truly remarkable spacecraft, which continues to show the versatility necessary to span the first five decades of human exploration of space.

Contents:

Origins 1

Soviet manned spaceflight after Vostok 1

Design requirements 1

Sever and the 1L: the genesis of Soyuz 3

The Vostok 7/1L Soyuz Complex 4

The mission sequence of the early Soyuz Complex 6

The Soyuz 7K complex 7

Soyuz 7K (Soyuz A) design features 8

The American General Electric concept 10

Soyuz 9K and Soyuz 11K 11

The Soyuz Complex mission profile 12

Contracts, funding and schedules 13

Soyuz to the Moon 14

A redirection for Soyuz 14

The N1/L3 lunar landing mission profile 15

Exploring the potential of Soyuz 16

Soyuz 7K-P: a piloted anti-satellite interceptor 16

Soyuz 7K-R: a piloted reconnaissance space station 17

Soyuz V1: the military research spacecraft Zvezda 18

Adapting Soyuz for lunar missions 20

Spacecraft design changes 21

Crewing for circumlunar missions 22

The Zond missions 23

The end of the Soviet lunar programme 33

The lunar orbit module (7K-LOK) 33

A change of direction 35

Mission Hardware and Support 39

Hardware and systems 39

Crew positions 40

The spacecraft 41

The Propulsion Module (PM) 41

The Descent Module (DM) 41

The Orbital Module (OM) 44

Pyrotechnic devices 45

Spacecraft sub-systems 46

Rendezvous, docking and transfer 47

Electrical power 53

Thermal control 54

Life support 54

Habitability 57

Propulsion and attitude control 59

Primary (KTDU) and back-up engines 59

Attitude control 60

Vernier translation 60

Re-entry attitude control 61

Vehicle control 62

Communications 63

Display and controls 65

Recovery 67

Support infrastructure 74

Flight planning 74

Soyuz cosmonaut training 75

Winter training 76

Desert training 77

Mountain training 77

Sea recovery 77

Swamp training 78

Parachute jumping 78

Zero-gravity training 78

Earth-observation 79

The simulator 79

Simulator ballistics 80

Simulators for space station operations 80

The neutral buoyancy laboratory 80

The centrifuge 82

Vacuum and pressure chambers 82

Foreign language training 84

Examinations 84

Departing for Baikonur 85

The Soyuz launch vehicle 85

Raketa 7 ICBM 8K71 85

Power for the R-7 86

Basic design features of the 8K71 87

Adapting the R-7 for Soyuz 87

11A55 and 11A56 early Soyuz launch vehicles 89

11A511 standard launch vehicle 89

11A511U launch vehicle 89

11A511U2 launch vehicle 90

Soyuz FG 90

Soyuz-2 91

Soyuz facilities at Baikonur 92

Site 1: launch complex (PU) 5 93

Site 2: the launcher processing area and the MIK facility 94

Site 2B: the launcher processing area and the MIK 2A facility 94

Site 31: launch complex (PU) 6, or 17P32-6 95

Site 32: R-7 residential housing 95

Site 112: launch vehicle assembly building 95

Site 254: spacecraft assembly building 96

Soyuz manufacturing 96

Ground testing 97

Flight testing 100

The range of Soyuz system mock-ups 103

Soyuz at Baikonur 105

Launch preparations 105

Launch site test and verification sequence 109

Launch phase 111

Riding the 'package' 111

The flight control centre 111

Yevpatoria: the original Soyuz mission control 112

Kaliningrad: mission control Moscow 112

Recovery forces 115

Docking Missions, 1966-70 119

The 'original Soyuz' 119

Preparing for the first flights 120

Early Soyuz assignments for cosmonauts 121

Cosmos 133: the first Soyuz in orbit 123

A fire at Pad 31 125

The mission of Cosmos 140 127

The tragedy of Soyuz 1 130

Concerns for flight 131

Launch preparations 132

The mission of Soyuz 1 133

The accident investigation 137

The Soyuz/Cosmos unmanned docking 138

The Cosmos 186/188 mission 139

The Cosmos 212/213 mission 142

Soyuz 2 and Soyuz 3: success and frustration 143

The Cosmos 238 unmanned shake-down mission 143

Manned flights resume 144

A docking and a transfer 147

Amending the flight plans 147

The first docking of two manned spacecraft 148

Stepping out of Soyuz 151

A dangerous re-entry 154

The troika mission 156

Kontakt crewing and missions 157

Preparing the spacecraft 158

Launch after launch 158

Frustration with docking 159

Three landings on three days 160

Why Igla failed 161

Science on Soyuz 162

Supplementary objectives 163

Science on Soyuz 6 164

Vulkan welding experiments in space 164

Soyuz 9: a space marathon 165

Falcons in flight 166

Orbital evaluation 168

The Soyuz Ferry, 1971-81 171

A ferry for Salyut 171

Salyut ferry operations, 1971 172

Salyut 1 crewing 173

Soyuz 10: the first ferry mission 173

Soyuz 11: triumph and tragedy 175

Soyuz, Salyuts and space suits, 1971-73 179

The new Salyut training group 180

Lost Salyuts 180

Crews for the Almaz (military) orbital station 181

Orbital operations, 1973 181

A two-day test flight 182

The Sokol (Falcon) pressure suit 184

Salyut 3 ferry missions, 1974 185

Salyut 3 crewing 185

The Soyuz 15 docking failure 186

Salyut 4 ferry missions, 1975 187

Salyut 4 crewing 188

New steps toward permanent occupation 188

The 'April 5 anomaly' 188

A replacement mission 192

Salyut 5 ferry missions, 1976-77 193

Salyut 5 crewing 194

An acrid odour 194

Fluctuations in the flight plan 195

A Soyuz splash-down 196

The recovery of a Soyuz refrigerator 199

The last military Soyuz crew 201

The solo Soyuz missions, 1973-76 202

The early scientific missions 202

Soyuz 13 crewing 203

The Soyuz 13 mission 204

The Soyuz-Apollo Experimental Flight (EPAS), 1969-75 205

Early proposals 207

The flight 209

EPAS crewing 210

Cosmos 638 and Cosmos 672 210

Soyuz 16: dress rehearsal for the EPAS 211

Soyuz 19, and a handshake in space 212

Future cooperation 216

Soyuz 22: the last solo Soyuz 217

Soyuz 22 crewing 218

The Soyuz 22 mission 219

A solo Soyuz series? 219

Soyuz ferry missions to Salyut 6 220

Salyut 6 crewing 220

Visiting missions to Salyut 6 221

The Soyuz 25 docking failure 222

Success upon success 225

Setting the standards 225

New beginnings 226

Six months in orbit 228

A failure in the engine 229

The end of an era 232

Progress, 1978- 239

The development of Progress 239

Military cargo ships 240

Automated docking tests 241

Progress precursor test flights 241

The role of Progress 242

Progress variants 242

Progress hardware 244

The Cargo Module (CM) 244

Loading and unloading Progress 245

The docking system 247

The Refuelling Module (RM) 248

The Propulsion Module (Service Module) 250

Progress M upgrades 250

Raduga return capsules 251

Progress M1 upgrades 252

The disposal of Progress 253

Progress flight operations 253

Progress missions to Salyut 6 254

Varied cargoes 254

The KRT-10 antenna experiment 255

Progress missions to Salyut 7 256

Salyut springs a leak 256

Progress missions to Mir 256

First-generation Progress 257

Buran ejection seat tests 257

Progress M takes over 258

Schedules and setbacks 258

Additional hardware, experiments and research objectives 259

Small satellites 261

The Raduga missions 262

Rendezvous and docking operations and incidents 263

The Progress M-34 collision 264

The de-orbiting of Mir 265

Progress M1 operations 266

Progress M1 at the International Space Station 266

Application of Progress hardware 268

Gamma 268

Aelita 269

An Earth observation satellite 269

Plans for Soviet Star Wars 269

The ISS docking compartment 269

Docking Compartment 1 270

Pirs-based EVAs from the ISS, 2001-02 271

Progress cargo mass 272

Soyuz T, 1979-86 281

The role of Soyuz T 281

The origins of Soyuz T 281

Testing the technology, 1974-80 283

Soyuz T: the inaugural mission 284

Soyuz T upgrades 285

The Orbital Module 285

The Descent Module 286

The Propulsion Module 287

The Soyuz T

training group, 1973-81 287

Salyut 6 operations 288

The Soyuz T training group, 1981-86 289

Salyut 7 operations 289

Soyuz T flight operations, 1980-81 292

Soyuz T-2: the first manned mission 292

Soyuz T-3: the three-man maintenance mission 294

Soyuz T-4: the long-duration test 294

Soyuz T flight operations, 1982 295

Soyuz T-5: the first operational mission 296

Soyuz T-6: a manual override 296

Soyuz T-7: delivering a fresh spacecraft 298

Landing in a snowstorm 298

Soyuz T flight operations, 1983 300

Soyuz T-8: a cancelled docking 300

Soyuz T-9: the failure of the solar array 303

Soyuz T-10-1: a very short long-duration flight 303

Issues arising from the abort of Soyuz T-10-1 306

Soyuz T flight operations, 1984 307

Soyuz T-10: repairs and records 307

Visitors come and go, and Soyuz T-10 lands 308

Soyuz T flight operations, 1985-86 309

Soyuz T-13: a rescue mission 310

Soyuz T-14: the first partial crew exchange 311

Soyuz T-15: the end of an era, the beginning of another 312

Soyuz TM, 1986-2002 317

The origins of Soyuz TM 317

Soyuz TM modifications 319

Rendezvous and docking system 320

The Orbital Module 321

The landing system 321

The propulsion system 322

The onboard sub-system 322

Crew provisions 323

The first occupation of Mir: Soyuz TM-1

TM-7 323

Soyuz TM crewing 323

The maiden flight of Soyuz TM 325

Permanent occupation begins 325

A year in space 328

'A combination of circumstances' 329

Mir temporarily vacated 333

The end of the Soviet Union: Soyuz TM-8

TM-13 334

Soyuz TM crewing, 1989-91 335

A new era dawns 335

The reoccupation of Mir 335

'Like petals of a flower' 336

The EVA to repair the Soyuz TM 337

Bringing home Soyuz TM-9 339

International visitors 339

Russia in space 341

Soyuz TM crewing, 1990-94 342

Russian international missions 344

A new port of call 345

Soyuz TM-17 strikes Mir 346

Shortage of hardware 348

Soyuz TM crewing, 1994-2000 349

The beginning of Phase 1 at Mir 350

America's first cosmonaut 350

A short stay and a longer stay 352

Phase 1B operations 352

'An afternoon spin in a spaceship' 354

A fire and a collision 355

The last Americans on Mir 358

The last occupants? 361

MirCorp, and the final TM mission to Mir 363

Soyuz TM at the ISS: Soyuz TM-31

TM-34 363

A lifeboat for the ISS 364

Soyuz TM/ISS crewing 365

'Off we go!' 366

Taxis and tourists 368

Andromede: a French taxi mission 370

The first South African, and the last Soyuz TM 371

The return of the last TM 372

Soyuz TMA, 2002 377

Soyuz TM and Mir 2 377

Further upgrades to Soyuz TM? 378

Zarya: an enlarged Soyuz 378

Soyuz TM and Freedom 381

Inclinations and durations 382

The Soyuz TM/ACRV feasibility team 382

Soyuz escape trajectory analysis 383

Crew accommodation 384

Medical and emergency evacuation 385

Training for pilots and passengers 386

A Soyuz TM lifeboat for Freedom 387

Soyuz astronauts: certification issues 387

Shuttle/Mir, Phase 1A 388

Shuttle/Mir, Phase 1B 388

The initiation of the TMA series 390

Soyuz TMA design modifications 390

Soyuz TMA modifications 391

Soyuz TMA-1 crewing 393

The maiden flight of Soyuz TMA 394

The crewing of TMA missions in 2003 395

Future options 395

Soyuz TMM improvements 396

Soyuz TMS: an intermediate answer 397

Supply and demand 397.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [447]-450) and index.

ISBN:

1852336579

OCLC:

50948699