Color space and its divisions : color order from antiquity to the present / Rolf G. Kuehni.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kuehni, Rolf G.

Contributor:

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Color vision.

Colors.

Physical Description:

xiv, 408 pages, 15 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Interscience, [2003]

Summary:

Intended Audience: Academic vision scientists and graduate students in Vision and Psychophysics; practicing physicists, psychophysicists, psychologists, and vision scientists.

Contents:

Chapter 1. The Concept of Color Space and Color Solid 1

1.2 Divisions of Color Spaces and Solids 6

1.3 Uniform and Regular Color Spaces 8

1.4 Color Space, Sensation, Perception, and Awareness 15

1.5 Plan of the Book 16

Chapter 2. Historical Development of Color Order Systems 19

2.1 Color and Color Order Systems 19

2.2 From Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages 21

2.3 Color Order in the Renaissance 32

2.4 Newton's Color Diagram 43

2.5 Development of the Color Circle 46

2.6 Mayer and Lambert's Color Solids 51

2.7 Color Circles from Harris to Henry 55

2.8 Three Primary Color Theories 59

2.9 Runge's Color Sphere 59

2.10 The Cylindrical System of Matthias Klotz 63

2.11 The Early Development of Psychophysics 63

2.12 Chevreul's Hemispheric System 66

2.13 Doppler's Sphere Octant 69

2.14 Yellow, Red and Blue, For a Time Firmly Established as Primary Colors 69

2.15 Helmholtz, Grassmann, and Maxwell 72

2.16 Hering 75

2.17 Geometrical Systems of the Nineteenth Century 78

2.18 The Nineteenth-Century Experimental Psychologists 82

2.19 The Munsell System 84

2.20 Ridgeway's Color Atlas 86

2.21 Ostwald's Farbkorper (Color Solid) 89

2.22 Geometrical Systems of the Twentieth Century 90

2.23 Rosch-MacAdam Color Solid 91

2.24 The Luther-Nyberg Color Solid 93

2.25 The German DIN6164 System 93

2.26 Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales 95

2.27 Swedish Natural Color System 96

2.28 Universal Color Language 98

2.29 Color Mixing Spaces 100

2.30 Spectral Spaces 101

Chapter 3. Psychophysics 104

3.1 Fundaments of Psychophysics 105

3.2 Categories 108

3.3 Differences versus Magnitudes 109

3.4 Psychophysical Scaling: Levels of Measurement 113

3.5 Scaling Methods 116

3.6 Unidimensional Scaling Methods 117

3.7 Psychometric Function 119

3.8 Multidimensional Scaling 119

3.9 Psychological and Psychophysical Spaces 121

3.10 Psychophysical Scaling as a Basis of Color Space 122

Chapter 4. Color Attributes and Perceptual Attribute Scaling 123

4.1 Theories of Vision 123

4.2 Historical Development of Views on Attributes 124

4.3 Whiteness and Blackness 129

4.4 Evans's Five Color Attributes 131

4.5 Common Color Attribute Definitions 132

4.6 Confirmation of Three Attributes 134

4.7 Contrast versus Similitude 137

4.8 Neural Correlates of Color Attributes 137

4.9 Psychological (Perceptual) Scaling of Color Attributes 138

4.10 Perception of Color Differences 154

Chapter 5. Psychophysical Scaling of Color Attributes: Stimulus and Perception 157

5.1 Requirements for a Uniform Psychophysical Color Space 157

5.2 Postulated Relationship between Psychological and Physical Magnitudes 158

5.3 Photometry and Brightness/Lightness 159

5.4 The Colorimetric System 161

5.5 Cone Response Space 164

5.6 Opponent Color Space 169

5.7 How Are the L, M, S and X, Y, Z Color Spaces Related? 174

5.8 Expressing Psychological Scales in Psychophysical Spaces 176

5.9 Color Matching and Appearance Scaling 193

5.10 Placement of the Red and Green Unique Hues in the Opponent Color Diagram 194

5.11 Curvature of Lines of Constant Hue Blue Colors 196

5.12 Munsell Colors in the L, M, S and X, Y, Z Spaces and the a, b Diagram 196

5.13 Suprathreshold Small Color Differences 199

5.14 Difference Threshold Measurements 201

5.15 How Many Colors Can We Distinguish? 202

Chapter 6. Historical Development of Color Space and Color Difference Formulas 204

6.1 Line Elements 204

6.2 Projective Transformations 208

6.3 Fitting Models to the Munsell System 213

6.4 Judd's Model of Muller's Theory of Color Vision 215

6.5 Color Difference Thresholds and Matching Error 216

6.6 Further Development of Formulas Based on Opponent Color Systems 224

6.7 New Small Color Difference Data 225

6.8 Ellipse and Ellipsoid Fitting 226

6.9 Controversies of Detail 227

6.10 Dependence of Calculated Color Difference on Metric Chroma 228

6.11 The CIE 1976 L*a*b* and L*u*v* Spaces 229

6.12 Friele's FCM Formula 232

6.13 Richter's LABHNU2 Formula 234

6.14 Weighting of Metric Lightness, Chroma, and Hue Differences 234

6.15 New Sets of Visual Data 236

6.16 New Formulas 239

6.17 Color Space Formulas and Comprehensive Models of Color Vision 248

6.18 Is the Opponent Color System "Soft Wired"? 263

6.19 Spectral Spaces 264

6.20 Performance Comparison of Various Formulas 264

Chapter 7. Major Color Order Systems and Their Psychophysical Structure 271

7.1 The Munsell Color System 272

7.2 Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales (OSA-UCS) 287

7.3 The Swedish Natural Color System (NCS) 301

7.4 The "Fragility" of Color Atlases 309

Chapter 8. From Color-Matching Error to Large Color Differences 311

8.1 A Common Basis for Comparison 311

8.2 Chromatic and Lightness Crispening Effects 313

8.3 Chromatic Crispening Fades as a Function of the Size of the Difference 318

8.4 Size and Ratio of Unit Increments 320

8.5 Direction of Unit Chromatic Contours in the L, M, S and X, Y, Z Spaces 322

8.6 The Paradox of Hue Differences 325

8.7 Unit Difference Contours around the Hue Circle 328

8.8 Global Differences 332

8.9 How Fundamental Are the Various Kinds of Data? 332

9.1 What Are Color Spaces and How Can They Be Justified? 337

9.2 What Causes the Perception of Colors and Their Differences? 339

9.3 Why Is Our Basic Color Experience Three-Dimensional and Why Are There Four Unique Hues? 340

9.4 What Are the Fundamental Perceptual Color Attributes? 342

9.5 How Are Hue, Chroma, and Lightness Perceptions Combined? 343

9.6 What Causes the Perception of the Magnitude of Color Differences? 344

9.7 Chrispening Effects 345

9.8 Perceptual Increment Magnitude as a Function of Stimulus Increment Magnitude 346

9.9 How Well Do Formulas Predict Perceived Color Differences? 347

9.10 Is Uniform Color Space Euclidean? 348

9.11 Unique Hues and Uniform Color Space 350

9.12 Evidence for the Operation of an Opponent Color System 350

9.13 Opponent Signals: The Source of Hue and Chroma Perceptions? 351

9.14 The Approximate Shape of a Uniform Color Solid 352

9.15 A Research Program 353

9.16 Kinds of Spaces 357.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 375-398) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

0471326704

OCLC:

50562101