Large-scale biomedical science : exploring strategies for future research / Sharyl J. Nass and Bruce W. Stillman, editors ; Committee on Large-scale Science and Cancer Research, National Cancer Policy Board, Institute of Medicine and Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Nass, Sharyl J.

Stillman, Bruce.

National Cancer Policy Board (U.S.). Committee on Large-scale Science and Cancer Research.

National Research Council (U.S.). Division on Earth and Life Studies.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Medicine--Research--Government policy--United States.

Medicine.

Cancer--Research--Government policy--United States.

Cancer.

Federal aid to medical research--United States.

Federal aid to medical research.

Cancer--Research--Government policy.

Cancer--Research.

Medicine--Research--Government policy.

Medicine--Research.

United States.

Biomedical Research.

Interinstitutional Relations.

Research Design.

Resource Allocation.

Medical Subjects:

Biomedical Research.

United States.

Interinstitutional Relations.

Research Design.

Resource Allocation.

Physical Description:

xv, 280 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press, [2003]

Summary:

The nature of biomedical research has been evolving in recent years. Technological advances that make it easier to study the vast complexity of biological systems have led to the initiation of projects with a larger scale and scope. In many cases, these large-scale analyses may be the most efficient and effective way to extract functional information from complex biological systems. Large-Scale Biomedical Science: Exploring Strategies for Research looks at the role of these new large-scale projects in the biomedical sciences. Though written by the National Academies' Cancer Policy Board, this book addresses implications of large-scale science extending far beyond cancer research. It also identifies obstacles to the implementation of these projects, and makes recommendations to improve the process. The ultimate goal of biomedical research is to advance knowledge and provide useful innovations to society. Determining the best and most efficient method for accomplishing that goal, however, is a continuing and evolving challenge. The recommendations presented in Large-Scale Biomedical Science are intended to facilitate a more open, inclusive, and accountable approach to large-scale biomedical research, which in turn will maximize progress in understanding and controlling human disease.

Contents:

The National Cancer Policy Board 15

Examples of potential large-scale biomedical research projects 20

Genomics 21

Structural Biology and Proteomics 22

Bioinformatics 23

Diagnostics and Biomarker Research 23

Patient Databases and Specimen Banks 24

Potential obstacles to undertaking large-scale biomedical research projects 24

Determining Appropriate Funding Mechanisms and Allocation of Funds 24

Organization and Management 25

Personnel Issues 26

Information Sharing and Intellectual Property Concerns 27

3 Models of Large-Scale Science 29

The Human Genome Project 31

Past examples of large-scale projects funded by NCI 40

Cancer Chemotherapy Program 41

Chemical Carcinogenesis Program 43

Cancer Virus Program 44

Recently developed large-scale projects at NCI 45

The Cancer Genome Anatomy Project 45

Early Detection Research Network 47

Unconventional Innovations Program 48

Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium 50

Specialized Programs of Research Excellence 52

The Molecular Targets Laboratory 53

Recent examples from other branches of NIH 54

NIGMS Glue Grants 54

NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative 57

The Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center 61

The Women's Health Initiative 62

Vaccine research 64

National Science Foundation's Science and Technology Centers Program 65

The SNP Consortium 67

Human Proteome Organization 70

Howard Hughes Medical Institute 71

Synchrotron resources at the National Laboratories 73

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 74

4 Funding for Large-Scale Science 80

History of federal support for scientific research 82

Allocation of federal funds for scientific research 83

NIH funding 94

Congressional Appropriations to NIH 95

NIH Peer Review of Funding Applications 105

Funding Mechanisms for Extramural Research and Solicitation of NIH Grant Applications 109

Nonfederal funding of large-scale biomedical research projects 115

Industry Funding of Large-Scale Biomedical Research 116

Nonprofit Funding of Large-Scale Biomedical Research 123

Issues associated with international collaborations 125

5 Organization and Management of Large-Scale Biomedical Research Projects 130

Examples of management assessment for large-scale projects 131

Assessment of Federally Funded Laboratories 131

Evaluation of the National Science Foundation's Science and Technology Centers Program 132

Special considerations for the management of large-scale biomedical research projects 133

The industry model of project management: comparison with academia 136

6 Training and Career Structures in Biomedical Research 140

The traditional academic training and career structure in biomedical science 143

Overview of trends in the bioscience workforce 148

Ph.D. Scientists 148

M.D. Scientists 155

Potential impact of large-scale research on biomedical training and career structures 157

7 Intellectual Property and Access to Research Tools and Data 162

Nonexclusive and exclusive licensing 167

Reach-through license agreements 169

Research exemptions 170

Patent pools 172

University policies and technology transfer offices 174

Examples of intellectual property and data sharing issues associated with large-scale projects 176

Genomics and DNA Patents 176

Protein Patents 181

Databases 182

Patient confidentiality and consent 183

Effects of intellectual property claims on the sharing of data and research tools 184

8 Findings and Recommendations 192.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0309089123

0309506980

OCLC:

52127497