The study of orchestration / Samuel Adler.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Adler, Samuel, 1928-

Contributor:

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Instrumentation and orchestration.

Physical Description:

xii, 839 pages : illustrations, music ; 27 cm

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

New York : W.W. Norton, [2002]

Contents:

Part 1 Instrumentation

1 The Orchestra

Yesterday and Today 3

2 Bowed String Instruments 7

Construction 8

Tuning 9

Fingering 10

Double, Triple, and Quadruple Stops 11

Divided Strings 12

Vibrato 14

Glissando and Portamento 15

The Bow 16

Bowing 17

Non legato 17

Legato 18

Special On-the-String Bowings 21

Special Off-the-String Bowings 26

Trills and Other Coloristic Effects Using the Bow 28

Coloristic Effects without the Bow 33

Mutes 39

Scordatura 40

Harmonics 41

Contemporary String Techniques 49

3 Individual Bowed String Instruments 51

Violin 51

Viola 65

Violoncello or Cello 75

Double Bass 83

4 Plucked String Instruments 89

Harp 89

Guitar 101

Mandolin 103

Banjo 106

Zither 108

5 Scoring for Strings 111

Individuality within the Ensemble 111

Foreground

Middleground

Background 118

Contrapuntal Writing for Strings 133

Homophonic Writing for Strings 143

Using the String Choir to Accompany a Soloist 152

Transcribing from Piano to Strings 159

6 The Woodwind Choir (Reed Aerophones) 164

Construction 164

Classifying Woodwind Instruments 165

The Principle of Transposition 167

Playing Techniques 170

The Woodwind Section of a Symphony Orchestra 177

Scoring for Woodwind Instruments 178

7 Individual Woodwinds 180

Flute 180

Piccolo 189

Alto Flute 191

Bass Flute 193

Oboe 193

English Horn 199

Other Members of the Oboe Family 201

Clarinet 205

"Piccolo" Clarinet: Clarinet in D or E[flat] 211

Bass Clarinet 212

Other Members of the Clarinet Family 215

Saxophone 217

Bassoon 221

Contrabassoon 225

8 Scoring for Woodwinds and Woodwind-String Combinations 229

The Role of Winds in the Symphony Orchestra 229

The Variety of Orchestral Treatments 238

Homophonic Writing for Winds 252

Contrapuntal Writing for Winds 261

Using the Wind Choir to Provide a Contrasting Color 270

Using the Wind Choir to Double Other Instruments of the Orchestra 276

New Types of Articulations for Woodwinds 283

Special Effects 288

Transcribing from Piano to Winds and Strings 291

9 Introduction to Brass Instruments 295

Composition of the Brass Section 296

Brass Instruments and the Written Orchestral Score 297

Overblowing and the Principle of the Harmonic Series 298

Crooks, Valves, and Slides 301

Range 303

Tone Production, Articulation, and Tonguing 303

Common Characteristics and Effects on All Brass Instruments 304

Mutes 307

Muting Devices Other Than Mutes 310

10 Individual Brass Instruments 312

Horn 312

Trumpet 325

Cornet 337

Other Members of the Trumpet Family 339

Trombone 340

Other Members of the Trombone Family 349

Tuba 349

Other Members of the Tuba Family 354

11 Scoring for Brass, and Brass Combined with Strings and Winds 357

Early Uses of the Brass Choir 357

Doubling of Brass Instruments within the Modern Orchestra 363

Homophonic Writing for the Brass Choir 364

Using the Brass Choir to Present the Melody 375

Contrapuntal Writing for the Brass Choir 392

Climactic Uses of the Brass Choir 413

Using the Brass Choir to Provide a Coloristic Effect 424

12 The Percussion Ensemble 431

Historical Uses of Percussion Instruments within the Orchestra 431

Number and Distribution of Percussion Players 433

Notation of Percussion Instruments 433

Mallets, Beaters, and Sticks 434

Categories of Percussion Instruments 435

Instruments of Definite Pitch 437

Idiophones: Mallet Instruments

Xylophone 437

Marimba 438

Vibraphone 439

Glockenspiel 440

Chimes 441

Crotales 442

Steel Drums 443

Idiophones: Shaken or Stroked Instruments

Musical Saw 443

Flexatone 444

Crystal Glasses 444

Membranophones

Timpani 445

Roto Toms 448

Chordophones

Cimbalom 449

Aerophones

Whistles 451

Instruments of Indefinite Pitch 452

Idiophones: Metal

Cymbals: Crash, Suspended, Hi-Hat, Sizzle, Chinese, Finger 452

Triangle 454

Anvil 455

Cowbells 455

Tam-Tam and Other Gongs 456

Wind Chimes 456

Sleigh Bells 457

Bell Tree 457

Brake Drum 457

Thunder Sheet 457

Idiophones: Wooden

Wood Blocks 457

Temple Blocks 458

Claves 458

Castanets 458

Sand Block or Sandpaper Block 459

Maracas 459

Jawbone; Vibraslap 459

Guiro 460

Ratchet 460

Slapstick or Whip 460

Log Drum and Slit Drum 460

Hammer 461

Snare Drum 461

Tenor Drum 462

Field Drum 462

Bass Drum 463

Tom-Toms 463

Timbales 464

Bongos 464

Conga Drum 465

Tambourine 465

Quica; String Drum or Lion's Roar 466

Sirens 466

Motor Horns 467

Wind Machine 467

13 Keyboard Instruments 468

Piano 468

Celesta 475

Harpsichord 478

Organ 480

Harmonium 483

14 Scoring for Percussion with Keyboard Alone or in Combination 486

Percussion Layout in the Full Score 486

Percussion Section Setup 494

Uses of the Percussion Section 497

Part 2 Orchestration

15 Scoring for Orchestra 547

The Unison-Octave Tutti 548

The Distribution of Foreground

Background Elements within the Orchestra 558

Orchestrating a Melody or Primary Gesture 599

Using the Orchestra to Create Special Effects 601

16 The Orchestra as Accompanist 611

The concerto 611

Accompanying the Vocal Soloist, Ensemble, or Chorus 639

17 Transcribing for Orchestra 666

Transcribing from Keyboard or Small Chamber Combinations to Orchestra 668

Transcribing from Band or Wind Ensemble to Orchestra 715

Transcribing to Various Available Instrumental Combinations 741

18 The Preparation of Score and Parts 757

The Orchestral Score Setup 757

The Reduced Score 762

The Condensed Score 764

Preparing Individual Parts 766

19 Scoring for Band or Wind Ensemble 772

Scoring for Band 772

Band Versus Wind Ensemble 773

The Percussion Section within the Band or Wind Ensemble 773

The Band and Wind Ensemble Score Setup 774

Condensed Scores 778

Transcribing from Orchestra to Band or Wind Ensemble 782

A Quick Reference Guides 785

Ranges of the Most Frequently Used Orchestral Instruments 786

Names of Instruments in Four Languages and Their English Abbreviations 793

Frequently Used Orchestral Terms in Four Languages 795

Orchestration 797

Individual Instrumental Technique 799

The History of the Orchestra and of Orchestral Instruments 802

Band and Wind Ensemble Scoring, Film Scoring, and Commercial Arranging 803

Computer and Electronic Music 804.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 797-805) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

039397572X

OCLC:

42692271