3-D human modeling and animation / illustrations and text by Peter Ratner.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ratner, Peter.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Computer animation.

Computer simulation.

Human figure in art.

Three-dimensional display systems.

Physical Description:

xvii, 316 pages, 16 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

Edition:

Second edition.

Other Title:

Three-D human modeling and animation

Place of Publication:

New York : J. Wiley, [2003]

System Details:

text file

Summary:

All the tools and know-how to create digital characters that can move, express emotions, and talk

3-D Human Modeling and Animation demonstrates how you can use your artistic skills in figure drawing, painting, and sculpture to create animated human figures using the latest computer technology. This easy-to-follow book guides you through all the necessary steps to create and animate digital humans. Students and professional 3-D artists will find this book to be an invaluable resource.

This Second Edition combines detailed, practical information about creating and animating 3-D human models. More than 400 images, interactive files, and exciting animations included on the CD-ROM detail the modeling and animation processes for both male and female figures. Chapter objectives and exercises are tied to the CD-ROM, which also provides color example images, sample models, modeling templates, textures, lesson plans, and relevant animation movies that allow you to start modeling and animating right away!

Contents:

Chapter 1 Beginning Modeling Techniques 1

Modeling Simple Objects with Splines/NURBS 2

Modeling a Knife 2

Troubleshooting 6

Modeling a Spoon 6

Modeling a Spatula 8

Modeling a Frying Pan 11

Modeling a Palette Knife 13

Modeling Simple Objects with Subdivision Surfaces 16

Modeling a Hammer 17

Modeling an Armchair 21

Chapter 2 Intermediate Modeling Techniques 25

Creating a Cartoon Cow with Subdivision Modeling 25

The Cow Head 27

The Cow Body 33

Creating a Cartoon Chicken with Patch Spline/NURBS Modeling 41

Making the 3-D Template with Box Modeling 42

Patch Modeling the Chicken 47

Chapter 3 Anatomy of the Human Figure 55

Proportion 55

The Skeleton 58

The Skull 60

The Skeleton of the Torso 61

The Bones of the Arm 65

The Bones of the Leg 68

The Muscles 70

The Muscles of the Head 70

The Muscles of the Neck 71

The Muscles of the Torso 73

The Muscles of the Arm 76

The Muscles of the Leg 77

Chapter 4 Advanced Modeling Techniques, Part 1 81

Patch Modeling the Head with Splines/NURBS 81

Advantages of Patch Modeling 81

Rules for Patch Modeling 81

Preparation for Modeling 82

Splines/NURBS Patch Modeling Procedure 83

The Female Head 83

The Male Head 87

Subdivision Modeling the Head with Polygons 88

Chapter 5 Advanced Modeling Techniques, Part 2 97

Modeling the Torso with Splines/NURBS 97

The Female Torso 97

The Male Torso 102

Subdivision Modeling the Torso with Polygons 106

Helpful Hints for Modeling Details 107

Completing the Subdivision Torso 109

Chapter 6 Advanced Modeling Techniques, Part 3 111

Modeling the Arm and Hand with Splines/NURBS 111

The Female Arm 111

The Hand 114

The Male Arm 119

Modeling the Arm and Hand with Subdivision Surface Polygons 124

Chapter 7 Advanced Modeling Techniques, Part 4 131

Modeling the Leg with Splines/NURBS 131

The Female Leg 131

The Male Leg 139

Converting a Spline/NURBS Model for Subdivision Surface Rendering 142

Modeling the Leg with Subdivision Surface Polygons 144

Chapter 8 Advanced Modeling Techniques, Part 5 151

The Eye 151

The Eyelashes 154

The Eyebrows 155

The Inside of the Mouth 155

The Teeth 157

The Gums 157

The Tongue 158

The Hair 159

Method 1 Helmet Hair 160

Method 2 Using a Hair Generator 161

Hair Generator Settings 171

Soft-Body Dynamics 179

Surface Settings 179

Chapter 9 Setting Up the Human Model for Animation 183

Setting Up a Skeleton 183

Making a Skeleton 183

Assigning Weight Maps 187

Adjusting Weight Maps 189

Setting Up an Inverse Kinematics Skeleton 189

Setting Up Facial Expressions 192

Muscle Groups of the Face 192

Expressing Emotion 193

Creating Morph Targets for the Face 198

Cheeks 198

Eyebrows 200

Eyes 202

Jaw 204

Mouth 205

Neck 210

Nose 211

Speech 211

Chapter 10 Surfacing and Lighting Details 215

Surfacing Details 215

Various Image-Mapping Methods 215

Procedural Textures 218

Surface Factors 219

Surfacing a Human Character 221

Texturing the Eyes 222

The Cornea 222

The Eyeball 222

The Iris 223

The Lens 224

Texturing the Body 225

Texturing the Face 226

Method 1 UV-Mapping a Face in Sections 227

Method 2 UV-Mapping an Entire Face 233

Using a Texture Guide 234

Working with a 3-D Paint Program 235

Lighting the Human Model 236

Types of Lights 237

Ambient 237

Key Light 239

Fill Light 239

Rim or Back Light 239

Kicker Light 239

Top Light 240

Special Lights 240

Bounce Lights 240

Contact Lights 240

Gobos or Cucaloris Lights 240

Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Human Animation 243

Some Animation Pointers 243

Animating in Stages 246

Dialogue 248

Dialogue Essentials 248

Ways of Making Them Talk 250

Using an Exposure Sheet 250

Importing Audio into the Animation Program 251

Importing Video into the Animation Program 252

Completing the Dialogue 253

Storyboarding 253

Rotoscoping 255

The Graph Editor 257

Cleaning Up an Animation with the Graph Editor 258

Animating Within the Graph Editor 260

Using the Graph Editor for Cycling Actions 261

Walking 261

Running 267

Chapter 12 Human Animation Principles 271

1. Squash and Stretch (Weight and Recoil) 272

Methods for Creating Squash and Stretch 274

Method 1 Soft Body Dynamics 274

Method 2 Manual Adjustments 274

2. Anticipation 274

2. Staging 279

4. Straight-Ahead versus Pose-to-Pose Action 281

5. Follow-through and Overlapping action 285

6. Slow In and Slow Out 289

7. Arcs 291

8. Secondary Actions 293

9. Timing 295

10. Exaggeration 297

11. Solid Drawing 299

12. Appeal 300

The Elements of Animation 302

1. Pacing and Impact 302

2. Action Reaction 302

3. Rhythm and Lines of Action 302

4. Paths of Action 303

5. Spatial Relationships 303

6. Accents 303

7. Cycles 304

8. Postures 304

9. The Take 304

10. Emotions 304

11. Balance/Imbalance 305

12. Weight, Mass, and Gravity 305.

Notes:

"CD-ROM contains 2-D and 3-D templates for modeling humans"--P. xv.

Includes bibliographical references (page 311) and index.

ISBN:

0471215481

OCLC:

50143272