The epigenome : molecular hide and seek / edited by S. Beck and A. Olek.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Beck, Stephan.

Olek, A. (Alexander)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Human genome.

Nature and nurture.

Genome, Human.

Environmental Medicine.

Medical Subjects:

Genome, Human.

Environmental Medicine.

Physical Description:

x, 178 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Weinheim ; Cambridge : Wiley-VCH, 2002.

Summary:

The Human Genome project has provided the starting point for an understanding of many different aspects of biology. This is the first book to describe the role of the Epigenome (cytosine methylation) in the interplay between nature and nurture, and it focuses and stimulates interest in what will be one of the most exciting areas of post-sequencing genome science: genetics and environment. Written by the most reputable authors in the field, this book is aimed at anyone interested in science arising from the human genome sequence and its implications on health care, industry and society.

Contents:

1 Five Not Four: History and Significance of the Fifth Base / Douglas S Millar, Robin Holliday, Geoffrey W Grigg 3

1.1 Historical Introduction 4

1.2 Sequencing 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) Residues in Genomic DNA 5

The Bisulfite Method 5

1.3 Gene Silencing 7

1.4 Development 8

1.5 Abnormal DNA Methylation in Cancer Cells 10

1.6 Nuclear Transfer 13

1.7 Aging 14

1.8 The Future 16

2 (Epi)genetic Signals: Towards a Human Genome Sequence of All Five Nucleotides / Walter Doerfler 23

2.1 A Linguistic Prologue 24

2.2 Towards the Complete Sequence of the Human Genome with Five Nucleotides 24

2.3 Patterns of DNA Methylation

the Scaffold for Building a Functional Genome 25

2.4 DNA Methylation Patterns in Segments of the Human Genome and in Viral Genomes 26

2.4.1 On Viral Genomes and Foreign DNA Integrates 27

2.4.2 DNA Methylation Patterns in the Human Genome 30

2.5 Insertions of Foreign DNA into Established Mammalian Genomes 31

2.6 De Novo Methylation of Integrated Foreign DNA 32

2.6.1 Ad12 Genomes in Hamster Tumor Cells 32

2.6.2 De Novo Methylation of Foreign DNA Integrated into the Mouse Genome by Homologous or Heterologous Recombination [23] 33

2.7 Genome-wide Perturbations in the Mammalian Genome upon Foreign DNA Insertion 34

2.8 Outlook and Recommendations 35

3 Epi Meets Genomics: Technologies for Finding and Reading the 5th Base / Tim Hui-Ming Huang, Christoph Plass, Gangning Liang, Peter W. Laird 41

3.1 The Development of 5th-Base Technologies 41

3.1.1 Unusual DNA-cutting Enzymes 42

3.1.2 A Unique Chemical Reaction that Modifies Methylated DNA 42

3.1.3 The Advance of 5th Base Technologies in Epigenomic Research 44

3.2 Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning (RLGS): Finding the 5th-base Signposts in the Genomic Atlas 45

3.2.2 How Does RLGS Work? 46

3.2.3 Applications 49

3.3 Methylation-sensitive Arbitrarily Primed (AP) PCR: Fishing for the 5th Bases in Genomic Ponds 50

3.3.1 Principle 50

3.3.2 How Does MS AP-PCR Work? 51

3.3.3 Applications 52

3.4 Differential Methylation Hybridization (DMH): Identifying the 5th Bases in the Genomic Crossword Puzzle 53

3.4.2 How Does DMH Work? 54

3.4.3 Applications 57

3.5 MethyLight: Finding 5th-base Patterns in Genomic Shadows 58

3.5.2 How Does MethyLight Work? 60

3.5.3 Applications 60

3.6 Exploring the Epigenome 61

4 Mammalian Epigenomics: Reprogramming the Genome for Development and Therapy / Wolf Reik, Wendy Dean 67

4.2 DNA Methylation 68

4.3 Histone Modifications 69

4.4 Imprinting 70

4.5 Reprogramming and Cloning 74

4.6 Epimutations and Epigenetic Inheritance 75

4.7 Epigenomics: The Future 76

5 At the Controls: Genomic Imprinting and the Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression / Anne Ferguson-Smith 81

5.2 Genomic Imprinting 83

5.2.1 The Role of DNA Methylation in Imprinted Gene Expression 84

5.2.3 Organization of Imprinted Genes 85

5.2.4 The Mechanism of Imprinting at the Mouse 1gf2r Imprinted Domain Requires a Cis-acting Noncoding Antisense Transcript Regulated by DNA Methylation (Fig. 5.2 a) 86

5.2.5 Imprinting at the Mouse Distal Chromosome 7 Domain Is Regulated by at Least Two Imprinting Control Regions (ICRs) Acting on Different Sets of Genes (Fig. 5.2 b & c) 87

5.2.6 The Mechanisms of Imprinting at the PWS/AS Imprinted Domain (Fig. 5.2 d) 90

5.3 DNA Methylation and Chromatin 92

5.4 X Inactivation 93

5.5 Prospects and Patterns 94

6 Epigenetic Trouble: Human Diseases Caused by Epimutations / Jorn Walter, Martina Paulsen 103

6.2 Mechanisms of DNA Methylation 104

6.3 Molecular Recognition of Methylation Patterns 107

6.4 Rett Syndrome 108

6.5 ICF Syndrome 109

6.6 ATR-X Syndrome 109

6.7 Fragile-X Syndrome 110

6.8 Imprinting Syndromes 110

7 Liver or Broccoli? Food's Lasting Effect on Genome Methylation / Michael Fenech 119

7.2 Important Dietary Sources of Folate, Vitamin B12, Choline, and Methionine 121

7.3 Evidence from in Vitro Cultures for the Role of Folic Acid in Genomic Stability of Human Cells 123

7.4 Evidence from in Vivo Studies for the Role of Folate and Vitamin B12 in Genomic Stability of Human Cells 125

7.5 Environmental and Genetic Factors that Determine the Bioavailability of Folate and Vitamin B12 129

7.6 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Folate and Vitamin B12 Based on Genomic Stability 131

8 Living Longer: The Aging Epigenome / Jean-Pierre Issa 141

8.2 Methylation as a Mark of Epigenetic Silencing 142

8.3 The Dogma: Formation of Methylation Patterns 142

8.4 The Reality: Age-related Methylation and Epigenetic Mosaicism in Normal Epithelium 143

8.5 The Consequences: Methylation and Age-related Diseases 145

8.6 The Bottom Line: Clinical Implications 146

9 Digitizing Molecular Diagnostics: Current and Future Applications of Epigenome Technology / Sven Olek, Sabine Maier, Klaus Olek, Alexander Olek 153

9.2 Molecular Diagnostics 154

9.2.1 Advantages of Methylation as a Diagnostic Parameter 154

9.2.2 Cancer Management 156

9.2.3 Methylation, the Environment, and Lifestyle Diseases 159

9.2.4 Disease Gene Discovery 162

9.3 Tissue Engineering 162

9.3.1 The Development of Tissue Engineering 162

9.3.2 Complex Result Assessment in Tissue Engineering: an Unmet Need ... 163

9.3.3 ... That May Be Met by DNA-methylation Technologies 164

9.4 Methylation Therapy 166

9.4.1 Methylation Therapy 166

9.5 Agriculture 168

9.6 Outlook 170.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

3527304940

OCLC:

52472116