The Luwians / edited by H. Craig Melchert.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Melchert, H. Craig (Harold Craig), 1945-

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Series:

Handbuch der Orientalistik. Nahe und der Mittlere Osten ; Erste Abteilung, 68. Bd.

Handbook of oriental studies. Section one, the Near and Middle East, 0169-9423 ; v. 68 = Handbuch der Orientalistik

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Luwians--History.

Luwians.

Luwian language.

History.

Physical Description:

xix, 383 pages, 32 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Leiden ; Boston, MA : Brill, 2003.

Contents:

1. Definition: who were the Luwians? 1

3. Dating and Chronology 4

4. Geography 5

Chapter 2 Prehistory / H. Craig Melchert 8

2. Luwian as an Indo-European Language 10

3. Indo-European Anatolian Languages in the Late Third Millennium 10

3.1 Palaic 10

3.2 Luwian 11

3.3 Lycian and Carian 14

3.4 Hittite (Nesite) 15

3.5 Lydian 22

4. Indo-European Speakers in Anatolia: when and from where? 23

Chapter 3 History / Trevor R. Bryce 27

B. The Luwians in their Bronze Age Context 35

1. The Luwian Population Groups of Western Anatolia 35

1.1 The Arzawa Lands 35

1.2 The Geographical Extent of the Arzawa Lands 38

1.3 The Lukka People 40

2. History of Western Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age 44

2.1 The Limitations of Luwian History 44

2.2 Early Contacts and Conflicts between Hatti and the Arzawa Lands 46

2.3 The Luwians of Western Anatolia during the First Half of the Hittite Kingdom 54

2.4 Prospects for a Luwian Empire 55

2.5 The Arzawa Lands as Hittite Vassal States 58

2.6 Further Unrest amongst the Western States 67

2.7 Lukka in the context of Western Anatolian History 73

2.8 The Final Years of the Bronze Age Kingdoms 78

3. The Diffusion of Luwian-speakers 84

4. The Luwians of Southeastern Anatolia 88

C. The Luwians in their Iron Age Context 93

1. The Kingdom of Hartapu 93

2. Tabal 97

3. Luwian Elements in Lycia and Cilicia 101

4. Cilicia in non-Classical Sources 102

5. Cilicia in Classical Sources 106

6. Lycia 107

6.1 Legendary Traditions 110

6.2 Sources for the History of Lycia 114

6.3 Patterns of Settlement 115

6.4 Some Historical Information 116

6.5 The evidence of the coinage 119

6.6 Lycia in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods 120

6.7 Greek elements in Lycia 121

7. Some Final Observations 124

Chapter 4 Scripts and Texts / J. D. Hawkins 128

2. Recognition 129

2.1 Cuneiform Luwian 129

2.2 Hieroglyphic 130

3. Decipherment of Hieroglyphic 131

3.1 Initial considerations 131

3.2 Successful entry 132

3.3 Seals (Bogazkoy) 132

3.4 The Bilingual (KARATEPE) 133

3.5 Further seals (Ras Shamra) 133

3.6 Publications 134

3.7 The 'new readings' 135

4. Luwian united: progress since 1975 137

5. The Texts 138

5.1 Cuneiform Luwian 138

5.2 Hieroglyphic 139

5.2.1 The Empire corpus 139

5.2.2 Luwian character 140

5.2.3 Seals 141

5.2.4 Dating 146

5.2.5 Empire-Late transition 146

5.2.6 The Late corpus 147

6. The Scripts 152

6.1 Cuneiform 152

6.2 Hieroglyphic 155

6.2.1 Empire script: external appearance 155

6.2.2 Empire script: internal characteristics 156

6.2.3 Peculiar graphic practice: 'initial-a-final' 159

6.2.4 Late script: external apperance 161

6.2.5 Late script: internal characteristics 162

6.2.6 Origins 166

Chapter 5 Language / H. Craig Melchert 170

A. Forms of Luwian 170

1. Cuneiform and Hieroglyphic Luwian 170

2. Lycian, Carian, Pisidian and Sidetic 175

B. Phonology 177

1. Phonemic Inventory 177

2. Phonological Rules/Variation 179

2.1 Rhotacism 179

2.2 Deletions 182

2.3 Insertions 183

2.4 'Sandhi' Rules 183

2.5 Vowel Lengthening 183

3. Phonotactics 184

3.1 Consonants 184

3.2 Vowels 185

4. Accent 185

C. Morphology 185

1. Nominal Inflection 185

1.1 Gender and Number 185

1.2 Case 186

1.3 'i-mutation' 187

1.4 Possessive Adjectives in /-assa-/ 188

2. Pronouns 189

2.1 Personal Pronouns 189

2.2 Demonstrative, Interrogative-Relative, and Indefinite Pronouns 190

3. Verbal Inflection 191

3.1 Finite Forms of the Verb 191

3.2 Non-finite Forms of the Verb 194

4. Word Formation 194

4.1 Word Classes 194

4.2 Nominal Stem Formation 195

4.3 Verbal Stem Formation 199

D. Syntax 200

1. Word Order 200

2. Agreement 201

3. Use of Cases 202

4. Adpositions 203

5. Use of Pronouns 203

6. Use of Verbal Categories 204

7. Negation 206

8. Questions 207

9. Subordinate Clauses 207

10. Non-subordinating Conjunctions 208

11. Local Particles 210

Chapter 6 Aspects of Luwian Religion / Manfred Hutter 211

1. Defining 'Luwians' chronologically and geographically 212

2. Defining Luwian Religion as a religion of its own 215

B. The Gods of the Luwians 218

General outline 218

2. Tarhunt and Tiwad: gods of all Luwians 220

2.1 The Storm-god 220

2.2 The Sun-god 224

3. Some further male gods: Arma, Santa, LAMMA 227

4. The main Luwian goddesses: Kamrusepa, Maliya, Huwassanna 230

C. Festivals and Magical Rituals from Local Luwian Centers 232

1. Greater Arzawa 234

2. The Lower Land 238

2.1 Istanuwa and Lallupiya 239

2.2 Huwassanna's cult at Hupisna 243

2.3 Magical rituals from the Lower Land 247

3. Luwian rituals from Kizzuwatna 250

4. The function of Luwian religious texts in the Hittite capital 254

D. Religious Experience, Values, and the People 256

1. Approaching the gods' sacredness 256

2. Elements of the Luwian idea of man 260

E. Continuity and Change in the First Millennium 264

1. Western Anatolia and contacts with the '(Pre)-Greek world 265

2. Tabal and the ongoing 'mixed' population in the Lower Land 270

3. Kizzuwatna 275

F. Conclusion: Luwian religion

a fragmentizing approach 277

Chapter 7 Art and Architecture / Sanna Aro 281

A. Scope of this chapter and terminology 281

B. Luwian art and architecture in the Bronze Age? 285

C. Luwian art and architecture in the Iron Age context 288

1. State of research and limits of present overview 288

1.1 Archaeological research 288

1.2 Monographs and handbooks on art and architecture 292

2. Datings of Luwian art in the Iron Age 293

3. 'Luwian' centers in North Syria: continuity or discontinuity? 297

4. Architecture 298

4.1 Defensive walls and monumental gate structures 299

4.2 Palaces and other public buildings 302

4.3 Sacral Buildings 304

5. Figured Works of Art 307

5.1 Portal figures 307

5.1.1 Lions 307

5.1.2 Sphinxes 310

5.2 Orthostat reliefs 311

5.3 Stelae 317

5.3.1 Storm-god Tarhunza 317

5.3.2 Kubaba and other goddesses 320

5.3.3 Kubaba with Karhuha 321

5.3.4 Tutelary and other deities 322

5.3.5 Rulers 322

5.3.6 Rulers and deities together 324

5.3.7 Other funerary or grave stelae 325

5.4 Statuary 327

5.4.1 Cult-statues of deities 327

5.4.2 Ruler statues 328

5.4.3 Statuettes 332

5.4.4. Statue bases 333

5.5 Rock reliefs 333

Persons 364

Deities 367

Lands, Peoples, and Dynasties 369

Cities and Sites 372

Mountains 375

Rivers, Lakes, and Seas 375

Languages 376

Cuneiform Luwian 376

Hieroglyphic Luwian 379

Hittite 381

Lycian 382

Lydian 382

Other Languages 383.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

9004130098

OCLC:

187577571