Reasoning processes in humans and computers : theory and research in psychology and artificial intelligence / Morton Wagman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Wagman, Morton.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Reasoning (Psychology).

Reasoning (Psychology)--Data processing.

Artificial intelligence.

Cognitive science.

Physical Description:

xix, 297 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2003.

Contents:

1 Human Reasoning and Reasoning Systems 1

Deductive Reasoning 1

Experimental Modification of Fallacious Reasoning 7

Natural Reasoning and Human Intellect 29

Reasoning and a General Theory of Intelligence 34

Rationality and Psychological Research 35

Deductive Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence 40

Inductive Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence 46

Probabilistic Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence 47

Types of Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence 48

Commonsense Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence 50

2 Plausible Reasoning 51

Theory of Plausible Reasoning 51

3 Abstract Rules and Reasoning 69

The Use of Abstract Rules in Human Reasoning 69

4 Causal Reasoning 85

Reasoning about Causes and Enabling Conditions 85

5 Logical Reasoning and Belief-Bias Effects 97

Belief-Bias and Logical Reasoning 97

6 Inductive Reasoning 107

Symbolic Induction and Discovery of the Causes of Scurvy 107

The CHARADE System and Hypotheses about Scurvy 110

Experiments in Inductive Discovery 113

7 Bayesian Reasoning 125

The Mathematical Law of Natural Selection and Bayesian Frequencies 125

Bayesian Inference and Frequency Representation 126

Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches to Bayesian Reasoning 144

8 Syllogistic Reasoning 151

Syllogistic Reasoning and Modes of Representation 151

9 Commonsense Reasoning 195

The Robust Theory of Commonsense Reasoning 195

10 Temporal Reasoning 215

Concepts and Methods of Temporal Abstraction 216

The RESUME System 218

11 Similarity-Based Reasoning 225

The Similarity Assumption in Reasoning 225

Critique of the Similarity Assumption in Case-Based Reasoning 227

The Deja Vu System 231

Experiments with the Deja Vu System 237

Implications of Adaptation-Guided Retrieval 246

Appendix A The n-Factor Problem 251

Solution to the Three-Factor Problem 251

Nature of the n-Factor Problem 251

Appendix B Adaptation Knowledge 257

Adaptation Specialists 257

Adaptation Strategies 259

Appendix C Plant-Control Models 263.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [265]-286) and indexes.

ISBN:

0275975258

OCLC:

49977123