Government : a public administration perspective / Jos C.N. Raadschelders.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Raadschelders, J. C. N.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Public administration.

Physical Description:

xvii, 442 pages ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe, [2003]

Contents:

1. Government: The Most Central Social Phenomenon of Our Time 3

1.1 Government in an Ever Changing World: Universal but Culture-Bound 4

1.2 What Is New About Government in Our Time? 6

1.3 The Study of Government as a Multidisciplinary Effort 10

1.4 The Study of Public Administration as Integrative Framework 12

1.5 Framing the Study of Government: The Challenge to Balance 17

1.6 The Structure of This Book 26

1.7 The Audience for This Book 29

Part I. Why Government? The Ideational (Institutional) Level 33

2. Citizens and Their Government: Who Needs Whom? 35

2.1 Do People Need Government? 36

2.2 Does Government Need People? 42

2.3 What Type of Government Do Citizens Want? 44

2.4 Definitions of Government from the Juridical and Sociological Angles 46

3. The Legal Constitution of Society and Government 49

3.1 The Meaning of Value and of Authority 50

3.2 The Basis for and Regulation of Interaction 55

3.3 Negotiable Authority 57

3.4 Tyrannicide Justified: The Ultimate Price for Abuse of Authority 59

3.5 Concluding Remarks: Relevance for Today 62

4. The Moral Constitution of Society and Government 65

4.1 Religion as Foundation for Society and Government 66

4.2 The Role of Religion in the Creation of Contemporary Government 71

4.3 The Secular Challenge: Religion in the Economic and Psychological Perspectives 77

4.4 Ethics and Morality in the Secularized Public Sector 80

4.5 Civil Religion, Civic Culture, and Citizenship as Secular Sources for Moral Guidance 86

4.6 Western Political Cultures: Same Philosophical Roots, Different Policy Choices 90

Part II. What Services Does Government Provide? The Societal (Institutional) Level 95

5. Democracy: Between Local Community and National Government 97

5.1 Democracy Theory and Center(s) of Power 98

5.2 Size and Democracy 102

5.3 Basis for Contemporary Democracy: Collective Identity, Memory, and Morality 105

5.4 Democracy's Desire: To Serve Multiple Communities Efficiently 107

5.5 The Institutional Superstructure I: Models of Democracy 109

5.6 The Institutional Superstructure II: Intergovernmental Relations 113

6. Equality Before the Law: Social Justice and the Administration of Justice 123

6.1 Ancient Roots and Modern Expressions of Social Justice 124

6.2 Common Law, Roman Law, Statute Law, and the Functions of Law 126

6.3 Serving Equality Through Avoiding Injustice 128

6.4 The Idea and Organization of Justice: Changes in the Independent Judiciary 131

6.5 Dispersion of Regulatory Powers 133

6.6 The Foundations of International Law and Social Justice 136

6.7 Concluding Remarks: Social Justice Domestically and Internationally 138

7. The Nightwatch State: External and Internal Safety 141

7.1 State Making as Theory and in History 142

7.2 The Military for the State in the Past 147

7.3 The Widening Scope of the Military: International Policing in a Multipolar World 150

7.4 Policing Between Repression and Prevention in the Past 151

7.5 Complementary to Safety: Community and Private Policing, Imprisonment, and Civic Militias 153

7.6 From Nightwatch to Welfare State and Beyond 155

8. The Welfare State: Novelty and Triumph of the Twentieth Century 158

8.1 Nation Building: Imagined Togetherness in Multiple Communities 160

8.2 Municipalization and Nationalization: Toward Public Welfare 162

8.3 Types of Welfare Regimes and the Alleviation of Poverty 166

8.4 Public Sector Size: Expenditure, Personnel, and Regulation 171

8.5 The Professionalization of the Budget: Mechanisms for Large-Scale Redistribution 175

8.6 Global Welfare: Development Aid and Its Boundaries 179

8.7 Limits to Welfare: Collectivism Off Balance or Social Justice? 181

Part III. How Does Government Operate? The Organizational (Actor) Level 185

9. Efficiency: Government Between Legalist-Administrative and Managerial Values 187

9.1 A Comparative Perspective on Legalist-Administrative and Managerial Values 189

9.2 The Development of Administrative Thought in the United States 192

9.3 Public Administration and Public Management 196

9.4 Public and Private Administration 201

9.5 No Shortcut to Quality: Public Leadership Beyond Tricks 204

10. Organizational Structure, Culture, Change, and Reform 208

10.1 The Structure of Public Organizations 210

10.2 Organizational Evolution, Change, and the Environment 218

10.3 Organizational Philosophy and Organizational Culture 223

10.4 Government Reform in the United States, 1880s-1990s: Types, Motives, and Timing 229

10.5 Government Reform in the World, 1980s-1990s: Globalization and Localization 235

10.6 Decentration in Various Guises: Recent Trends 237

10.7 The Structuring of Communication and Information 241

11. The Functioning of Government 247

11.1 Societal Concerns, Political Agendas, and Public Policy Making 248

11.2 Models and Theoretical Perspectives of Public Decision Making 255

11.3 The Planning and Management of Implementation 263

11.4 Policy Instruments: State Philosophy and Objective Choice 268

11.5 Short- and Long-Term Perspectives on Government Performance 270

11.6 Much Literature, Less Theory, Lesser Enlightenment? 275

11.7 Numerical Data as the Basis of Policy and of Research 277

11.8 The Western Conceptualization of the Policy Process 279

11.9 The Managerial Trap: Some Closing Remarks 284

Part IV. Who Governs? The Individual (Actor) Level 287

12. Political Officeholders and Political Appointees 289

12.1 The Primacy of Politics and the Authoritative Allocation of Values 290

12.2 The Power of Politicians: The Elitist and Pluralist Perspectives on Decision Making 294

12.3 Our Representatives Are Also the Bureaucracies' Bosses 299

12.4 Bureaucratization of Politics and the Depoliticization of Policy Making 304

12.5 Political-Administrative Relations 305

12.6 Concluding Remarks: Balancing Visionary Leadership and Micromanagement 308

13. Bureaucrats and the Civil Service: Between Images and Facts 310

13.1 Bureaucrats: Weber's Second Batch of Dimensions and Other "Neutral" Characterizations 312

13.2 Images of Bureaucracy: Fourth Power, Third Force, Second in Line, First for Stereotyping 316

13.3 Negative Images and the Teutonic Tradition of Bureaucrat Bashing 318

13.4 Theoretical Images: The "Anglo-American" Warning 320

13.5 Realistic Images: The Abstract Government and the Concrete Bureaucrat 323

13.6 The Development of the Role and Position of the Civil Service in Western Society 326

13.7 Marginalization of Politicians and Politicization of Bureaucracy: General Trends and Cultural Differences 333

13.8 Is It Right That Bureaucrats Have Power? 336

13.9 Representative or Expert Bureaucracy? 339

13.10 Managing the Human Resource 342

14. Organized Society: Citizenship, Interest Groups, and Citizen Participation 349

14.1 Changing Notions of Citizenship 351

14.2 Types of Interest Groups and Networks of Interaction: General and Country-Specific Observations 353

14.3 From One to Many Interest Groups 358

14.4 Citizen Participation: Voluntary Associations, Coproduction, and Public-Private Partnership 361

14.5 Between State and Market: Collective Action, the Commons, and Corporatism 363

14.6 Concluding Remarks: Civil Society as Utopian or Realistic Alternative for Public Services 367

15. A Holistic Perspective on Government and Governance 371

15.1 Once Again: Observations on the Framework of This Book 373

15.2 Structural Similarities Between Western Societies and Governments 376

15.3 The Balancing of Challenges I: Individualism and Collectivism 379

15.4 The Balancing of Challenges II: Juridical and Sociological Modes of Action 383

15.5 The Balancing of Challenges III: Abstract and Concrete Layers of Understanding 385

15.6 The Balancing of Challenges IV: The Past as Present for the Future 388

15.7 Cultural Differences and Similarities Between Western Societies and Governments 390

15.8 Compartmentalization and the Uncommon

Public Servant 393.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 399-423) and indexes.

ISBN:

0765611252

OCLC:

50670268