Making forest policy work / by Alastair I. Fraser.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Fraser, A. I. (Alastair I.)

Series:

Forestry sciences ; v. 73.

Forestry sciences ; v. 73

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Forest policy.

Physical Description:

xvi, 280 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, [2002]

Summary:

Policy issues relating to forestry have been the subject of much debate in recent years, and many countries and international agencies have recently, or are currently in the process, of revising their policies for forestry. Much of this debate has implied that previous policies have failed or been much less successful than had been hoped. There is a tendency to think of policy as a matter for governments, but it is now more widely appreciated that all shareholders in the forestry sector have a legitimate interest in both the policy objectives and the means that will be used to implement it. This book is mainly concerned with the process of developing policy and the subsequent implementation, than in specific content, though many of the important issues which policies must address are discussed. It is based on a review of many case studies with which the author has been personally involved over the past 40 years.

Contents:

2. Examples of Forest Policy 7

2.1. National forest policy 7

2.1.2. Current international developments in forest policy 8

2.1.3. Summary of current developments 13

2.1.4. Carbon sequestration 14

2.1.5. Drug prospecting and resource property rights 15

2.1.6. Devolvement of responsibility and regional development 16

2.1.7. Resource valuation 17

2.2. Resource management policy 18

2.2.1. Demand for forest products 19

2.2.2. Factors affecting the supply of forest products 21

2.2.3. Managing the supply of timber 22

2.2.4. Examples of a National resource management policy from Finland 25

2.2.5. Example of Economic justification for forest policy in the United Kingdom 27

2.2.6. Striking a balance between conflicting demands; example from Australia 29

2.3. Fiscal policy 31

2.3.1. The purpose of a fiscal policy for forestry 32

2.3.2. Resource value 34

2.3.3. Revenue instruments and systems 35

2.3.4. Economic rent 36

2.3.5. Performance bonds 39

2.3.6. The impact of fiscal measures on trade 45

2.4. Conservation policy 47

2.4.1. Bio-diversity 48

2.4.2. Protected Area management 52

2.4.3. Drug prospecting 54

2.5. Energy policy 55

2.5.1. Technology for using the energy in wood 56

2.5.2. Fuelwood consumption patterns 57

2.5.3. Fuelwood supply patterns 58

2.5.4. Comparative costs of fuelwood and other energy sources 59

2.5.5. Fuelwood demand surveys 62

2.5.6. Possible role of forestry in national energy policy 63

2.6. Land-use policy 64

2.7. Distribution policy 72

2.7.1. Asset value and profits 73

2.7.2. Timber prices and investing in forest management 75

2.7.3. Distribution of benefits among stakeholders 77

3. Implementation of Policy 81

3.2. Policies that appear to have worked 85

3.2.1. France 85

3.2.2. Finland 87

3.2.3. Republic of Korea 88

3.3. Policies that have failed 91

3.3.1. Malawi 92

3.3.2. Philippines 95

3.3.3. Suriname 99

3.4. Policies that have been corrupted 103

3.5. Policies that have had perverse results 110

3.5.1. Papua New Guinea 111

4. The Causes of Policy Failure 119

4.1. Institutional Failures 119

4.1.1. Government 119

4.1.2. Government organisation 123

4.1.3. Regulatory framework 126

4.1.4. Research and training 129

4.2. Market Failures 132

4.2.1. Non marketable benefits 134

4.2.2. Market distortions 137

4.2.3. The time value of money 138

4.3. Regulatory failures 140

4.3.1. Contradictory regulations 141

4.3.2. Over restrictive regulations 142

4.3.3. Communication failures 144

4.4. Implementation failures 147

4.4.1. Policy instruments 148

4.4.2. Monitoring and supervision 152

4.4.3. Impractical policies 154

4.4.4. External influences 156

4.4.5. Public opinion 157

4.4.6. International obligations 159

4.4.7. Lack of information and monitoring 159

4.5. Inconsistent policies 163

5. Factors That Have Contributed to Successful Policies 167

5.1. "Political Will" 168

5.2. Clarity of policy statements 172

5.3. Participation of stakeholders 175

5.4. Support for Policy Objectives 179

5.5. The process of policy formulation 181

5.6. Instruments used to support policy 183

6. A Framework for Successful Policy Formulation and Implementation 191

6.1. The need for a policy for forestry 191

6.2. International examples 198

6.2.1. United Kingdom 199

6.2.2. Australia 200

6.2.3. Canada 202

6.3. The Process for Policy Formulation 203

6.3.1. The definition of policy scope 205

6.3.2. Data collection and verification 207

6.3.3. Evaluation of present situation and identification of stakeholders' perceptions of strengths and weaknesses 215

6.3.4. Development of scenarios for alternative ways forward 220

6.3.5. Analysis of scenarios to determine economic trade-offs between sector components, inputs and outputs 222

6.3.6. Presentation of results of scenario analysis to stakeholders and consultation to determine social, environmental and economic priorities 226

6.3.7. Winning stakeholder support for a preferred scenario 228

6.3.8. Preparation of a statement that enshrines the preferred scenario as policy 229

6.3.9. Development of a strategic plan to implement the policy 231

6.3.10. Evaluation of the institutional arrangements 238

6.3.11. Identification of appropriate instruments to implement the policy 240

6.3.12. Revenue raising instruments 241

6.3.13. Incentive instruments 249

6.3.14. Disincentive instruments 257

6.4. Preparation of a programme of human resource development and training in support of the policy 259

6.5. Implementation 260

6.5.1. Monitoring and evaluation 261

7. Revision of Policy 263

7.1. Evaluation of monitoring results 263

7.2. Changes in public opinion 263

7.3. International agreements 265

7.4. Changes in priorities 266.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [267]-273) and index.

ISBN:

1402010885

OCLC:

51047020