Trade and the environment : analysis of reciprocal interactions / by Savaş Alpay.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Alpay, Savas.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

International trade--Environmental aspects.

International trade.

Environmental policy--Economic aspects.

Environmental policy.

Commercial policy--Environmental aspects.

Commercial policy.

Physical Description:

xi, 215 pages ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, [2002]

Contents:

1 Selected Environmental Trends 1

2 Interactions Between Trade and the Environment 5

Part I Environmental Consequences of Trade Liberalization

2. Models of Trade and Environment 13

3. Partial Equilibrium Models of Trade and Environment 17

1 Production Externality in a Small Country without Environmental Policy 17

2 Consumption Externality in a Small Country without Environmental Policy 19

3 Production Externality in a Large Country without Environmental Policy 21

4 Consumption Externality in a Large Country without Environmental Policy 23

5 Production Externality in the Presence of Environmental Policy for a Small Country 25

6 Production Externality in the Presence of Environmental Policy for a Large Country 26

4. Strategic Behavior and Environmental Quality 31

2 Model 34

3 Welfare Analysis for Non-symmetric Cases 36

3.1 Non-strategic versus Only Foreign Government is Acting Strategically, (NS versus GS) 36

3.2 Non-strategic versus Only Foreign Producer is Acting Strategically (NS versus PS) 39

3.3 Non-strategic versus Both Foreign Government and Producer are Acting Strategically (NS versus Both) 40

3.4 Only Domestic Government and Foreign Producer are Acting Strategically (GS versus PS) 40

3.5 Domestic Government and Both Foreign Government and Producer are Acting Strategically (GS versus Both) 41

3.6 Domestic Producer, and Both Foreign Government and Producer are Acting Strategically (PS versus Both) 41

4 Nash Equilibrium 44

4.1 Simultaneous Move Game 45

4.2 Sequential Move Game 46

4.3 Emissions 47

5. General Equilibrium Models of Trade and Environment 51

1 Overview of the Literature 52

2 Differences in Property Rights 54

3 Differences in Human Capital 57

3.1 Transnational Pollution 62

4 Environmental Protection as a Composite Commodity 63

6. Empirical Evidences on the Environmental Impact of Trade Liberalization 67

2 Past Data Analysis 68

3 Computable General Equilibrium Models 73

3.1 Single-Country CGE Models 73

3.2 Multi-Country CGE Models 75

4 Case Studies on Individual Countries 80

5 Other Aspects 83

7. Growth, Trade and Environment 85

1 Introduction to EKC Hypothesis 86

2 Empirical Studies on EKC Hypothesis 87

3 An Alternative Test of EKC 89

3.1 Data and Model 91

3.2 Estimation Results for EPP 93

4 A Threshold Test of EKC Hypothesis 95

4.1 Introduction to Threshold Estimation 96

4.2 Model and Estimation 96

4.3 EKC Hypothesis Between Trade and Pollution 98

5 Summary on EKC Findings 99

8. Is Trade Good for the Environment? General Conclusions 103

Part II Impact of Environmental Regulations on International Competitiveness

9. International Competitiveness and Environmental Regulations 111

2 Conventional School 112

3 Revisionist School 113

4 Regulations, Innovation and Competitiveness 116

5 Environmental Regulations and Innovation 116

6 Innovation and Competitiveness 118

10. Competitiveness and Environmental Regulations: A Theoretical Inquiry 121

2 Theoretical Literature 121

3 Porter Hypothesis and Tradable Emissions Permits 123

3.1 Stricter Regulation, Innovation and Competitiveness 125

3.2 International Competitiveness and Regulation 130

11. Empirical Literature on Environmental Regulations and Competitiveness 143

1 Changes in Trade Patterns-Pollution Haven Hypothesis 143

1.1 A Criticism 146

2 Environmental Policy Stringency and Net Exports 147

3 Foreign Direct Investment 150

4 Firm-Level Evidences 151

5 Individual Country Studies 153

6 Summary of Empirical Findings 155

Part III International Environmental Agreements and Trade

12. International Environmental Agreements and Trade 159

2 International Trading Regime 163

2.1 Trade and the Environment in the GATT 163

2.1.1 Canada-US Tuna Case (1982) 164

2.1.2 Tuna-Dolphin I-(1991) and II-(1994) 164

2.2 Trade and the Environment in NAFTA 166

2.3 Environmental Impact of NAFTA 168

2.4 International Environmental Agreements 169

2.4.1 Montreal Protocol 170

3.1 The Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE) 173

3.2 Trade and Environment Disputes 175

3.3 International Treaties on Environment with Trade Provisions 181

13. Global Environmental Protection and Trade 183

2 Model 185

2.1 Production side 185

2.2 Demand side 186

3 Free-riding and Nash Equilibrium 187

3.1 Terms of Trade Effects 190

3.2 Cooperative Case 193.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 201-214) and index.

ISBN:

140207347X

OCLC:

51210320