The parahippocampal region : organization and role in cognitive function / edited by Menno Witter and Floris Wouterlood.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Witter, Menno P.

Wouterlood, Floris G.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Temporal lobes--Physiology.

Temporal lobes.

Temporal lobes--Pathophysiology.

Hippocampus (Brain)--Physiology.

Hippocampus (Brain).

Hippocampus (Brain)--Pathophysiology.

Physiology, Pathological.

Physiology.

Physical Description:

xviii, 347 pages, 5 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2002.

Summary:

The recent dramatic advances in imaging technologies have enabled researchers to build on the evidence obtained from lesion and behavioural studies to propose a new range of functions for the parahippocampal region. It is now possible to image the region in healthy human subjects and to define the pathological changes occurring during the early phases of a range of neurologic and psychiatric conditions. The results have uncovered evidence suggesting that the region plays an important role in the higher cognitive processes of learning and memory, and in specific brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, as well as in the ageing process itself. The Parahippocampal Region: Organization and Role in Cognitive Function examines the architecture and activity of this section of the temporal lobe, describes the systems active in memory, perception, and behaviour, and outlines the significance of its involvement in the progress of a range of disease states. It provides an overview of our current basic and clinical knowledge and a baseline for further expansion of the functional understanding of the region. With contributions from an international team of authors, this book will be of interest to neuroscientists, researchers, and practitioners from the fields of neuropsychology, neurology, and psychiatry as well as to students from these disciplines.

Contents:

1 The parahippocampal region: past, present, and future / Menno P. Witter 3

2 The present: towards a definition of the parahippocampal region 4

There are various ways to subdivide the cortex 5

Cytoarchitectonical and hodological criteria combined 6

3 The present: constituents of the parahippocampal region and comparisons between species 8

Presubiculum 9

Parasubiculum 9

Entorhinal cortex 10

Perirhinal and parahippocampal/postrhinal cortex 12

4 The future 14

2 Postnatal development of the human entorhinal cortex / L. Grateron, A.M. Insausti, F. Garcia-Bragado, M.M. Arroyo-Jimenez, P. Marcos, A. Martinez-Marcos, X. Blaizot, E. Artacho-Perula, R. Insausti

2 Materials and methods 22

3 Postnatal development of gross macroscopic features 24

4 Postnatal development of microscopic features in the entorhinal cortex 24

5 Comparison with non-human primate studies 27

6 Studies on human prenatal development of the entorhinal cortex 27

7 Implication on human memory systems 29

3 Basic anatomy of the parahippocampal region in monkeys and rats / Rebecca D. Burwell, Menno P. Witter 35

2 Parahippocampal/postrhinal structure and connectivity 36

Parahippocampal/postrhinal cortical structure 36

Parahippocampal/postrhinal cortical connectivity 37

Parahippocampal/postrhinal subcortical connectivity 37

Parahippocampal/postrhinal hippocampal connectivity 38

3 Perirhinal structure and connectivity 39

Perirhinal cortical structure 39

Perirhinal cortical connectivity 42

Perirhinal subcortical connectivity 43

Perirhinal hippocampal connectivity 44

4 Entorhinal structure and connectivity 45

Entorhinal cortical structure 45

Entorhinal cortical connectivity 46

Entorhinal subcortical connectivity 48

Entorhinal-hippocampal connectivity 49

5 Presubiculum and parasubiculum 50

Presubiculum and parasubiculum structure 50

Presubiculum and parasubiculum cortical connectivity 51

Presubiculum and parasubiculum subcortical connectivity 51

Presubiculum and parasubiculum hippocampal connectivity 52

4 Spotlight on the neurones (l): cell types, local connectivity, microcircuits, and distribution of markers / Floris G. Wouterlood 61

2 Morphological cell types: the legacy of Lorente de No 62

Layer I 64

Layers II and III 67

Lamina dissecans: layer IV 79

Layers V and VI 79

Summary of the distribution of neurochemical markers 80

3 Neurotransmitters, monoaminergic innervation, neuropeptides, receptors 81

4 Summary of the cellular interrelationships within the entorhinal cortex 82

5 Spotlight on the neurones (II): electrophysiology of the neurones in the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices and neuromodulatory changes in firing patterns / Angel A. Alonso 89

1 Electrophysiological profile of entorhinal cortex neurones 89

Principal cells in the superficial entorhinal cell layers 90

Principal cells in the deep entorhinal cell layers 95

Entorhinal interneurones and their synaptic responses to afferent stimulation 98

2 Cholinergic modulatory actions on firing patterns 99

3 Electrophysiological profiles of principal perirhinal cortex neurones 100

6 Communication between subregions of the parahippocampal region / Marco de Curtis, Gerardo Biella 107

1 Intrinsic potentials within the perirhinal-postrhinal cortex 108

2 Intrinsic potentials within the entorhinal cortex 112

3 Interactions between temporal, peri-postrhinal, and entorhinal cortices 115

4 Oscillatory activity in the PRC-ERC reveals intrinsic network interactions 118

7 Gamma and ripple oscillations: functional indices of hippocampal-entorhinal interactions / James J. Chrobak, Gyorgy Buzsaki 127

1 Gamma frequency dynamics: basics 128

2 Gamma frequency dynamics: details 129

3 Ripple frequency dynamics: basics 129

4 Ripple frequency dynamics: details 130

5 On the importance of GABAergic interneurones 131

6 Are fast-frequency rhythms really related to memory, synaptic change, or both? 133

8 A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of a virtual rat in a virtual environment: a functional framework for theta theory / Michael Hasselmo, Robert C. Cannon, Randal Koene 139

2 Behavioural task 139

3 Interface between neural simulation and virtual rat 140

4 Functional problems and physiological solutions 141

Buffering of sensory input 142

Separation of encoding and retrieval 144

Convergence of goal location and current location 150

5 Generalization to rule learning in cortical structures 154

9 Memory representations in the parahippocampal region / Howard Eichenbaum 165

1 The hippocampal memory system 165

2 Differential roles of components of the hippocampal memory system 166

3 Memory representations within the parahippocampal region of rats 168

Differential responses of parahippocampal region neurones to sample stimuli 170

Differential activity of parahippocampal region neurones during the memory delay period 171

Differential responses of parahippocampal neurones to match and nonmatch stimuli 173

4 Memory representations in the hippocampus 174

5 Memory representations in the orbitofrontal cortex 174

6 Comparisons with the findings from other studies on rats 176

7 Memory representations within the parahippocampal region of monkeys 177

8 Memory representations in the parahippocampal region of humans 179

9 Comparing the findings on the memory representations in the parahippocampal region in rats, monkeys, and humans 179

10 A model of information processing within the hippocampal memory system 180

10 Cognitive electrophysiology of humans parahippocampal structures / Eric Halgren 185

1 The AMTL-N400 185

The AMTL-N400 as a signal of novelty or familiarity 185

Cognitive correlates of the AMTL-N400: recognition and integration 187

Cognitive correlates of the scalp-N400 189

Experiential effects of pHCg activation 190

Generators of the N400 in the AMTL and beyond 191

Source modelling of the scalp-N400 and its magnetic counterpart (N400m) 193

Task-specific antecedents to the N400m 195

Other repetition-sensitive ERP components in the AMTL 195

Network modulation during pattern creation and re-creation 196

Novelty (orienting response) versus novelty (unfamiliar events) 197

2 Sequential and simultaneous activation in the ventral event-encoding stream 198

Visual stimulus encoding in the posterior pHCg 198

Early and late components to words in the pHCg 202

Extended distributed network interactions involving the pHCg during word recognition 204

Fronto-temporal interactions in memory and choice 205

3 The N400/LPC process, event-encoding, and memory 206

11 Experimental lesions of the parahippocampal region in rats / Rebecca D. Burwell, David J. Bucci, Kjesten A. Wiig, Michael P. Saddoris, Matthew R. Sanborn 217

2 Parahippocampal contributions to spatial learning 217

Place training in the Morris water maze 218

Other water maze tasks 219

Regional contributions to water maze performance 221

Summary of water maze findings 222

3 Parahippocampal contributions to contextual learning 223

Consolidation of contextual information 223

Configural and elemental strategies in contextual learning 224

Summary of contextual learning findings 227

4 Parahippocampal contributions to object information processing 228

Spontaneous recognition tasks 228

Object and scene discrimination tasks 229

Summary of object and scene discrimination findings 230

Navigational versus contextual information processing 231

Object and scene information processing in contextual learning 231

12 The role of perirhinal cortex in memory and perception: conjunctive representations for object identification / Timothy J. Bussey, Lisa M. Saksida, Elisabeth A.

Murray 239

1 Perirhinal cortex and object recognition 240

2 Perirhinal cortex is not just for object recognition 241

3 Perirhinal cortex contains conjunctive representations for object identification

the PMFC model 242

The model accounts for extant data 243

The model generates novel predictions that have been confirmed in subsequent experiments in monkeys 245

13 Imaging cognitive function of the parahippocampal region / Guillen Fernandez, Indira Tendolkar 255

1 Functional brain imaging methods and their limitations 255

2 Higher order visual processing 257

3 Declarative memory formation 258

4 Memory retrieval 261

5 Parahippocampal function integrating perceptual, semantic, and mnemonic operations 263

14 The human parahippocampal region in Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and ageing / Gary W. Van Hoesen 271

2 Human parahippocampal neuroanatomy 271

Sulcal boundaries of the parahippocampal region 272

Surface features of the human parahippocampal region 274

Vascular supply of the parahippocampal region 277

3 The parahippocampal region in Alzheimer's disease 279

Entorhinal cortex 279

Perirhinal cortex 280

Parasubiculum 282

Presubiculum 282

Ectorhinal cortex 283

4 Parahippocampal region pathology in other dementias 286

5 The parahippocampal region in ageing 287

15 The parahippocampal region in schizophrenia / Konrad Talbot, Steven E. Arnold 297

2 Macroscopic volume changes 299

3 Cytoarchitectural changes 302

4 Synaptic changes 304

5 Neurotransmitter changes 306

Dopamine 307

Glutamate 309

6 Single cell mRNA expression profiling in entorhinal cortex 310

16 The parahippocampal region in temporal lobe epilepsy / Helen E. Scharfman 321

Historical perspective 321

Recent clinical examination of patients with TLE 321

The entorhinal cortex in animal models of TLE 322

2 Why is the entorhinal cortex a region prone to synchronization, seizures, and cell loss? 324

Cellular properties of entorhinal neurones 325

Connectivity in the entorhinal cortex 325

NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors 326

Oscillatory behaviour of entorhinal neurones 327

3 What is the role of the entorhinal cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy? 329

Loss of the layer III projection to hippocampus 330

Reverberations in the entorhinal cortex 330

4 The entorhinal cortex as a site of origin for seizures 331

5 The entorhinal cortex participates in seizure propagation within the hippocampal/parahippocampal regions 332

Trisynaptic pathway 333

The dentate gyrus as a gate 333

6 Is the loss of layer III important in epileptogenesis or is it a product of recurrent seizures? 333.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0198509170

OCLC:

50402809