RF and microwave oscillator design / Michał Odyniec, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Odyniec, Michał.

Series:

Artech House microwave library

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Radio frequency oscillators.

Oscillators, Microwave.

Physical Description:

xv, 398 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Boston : Artech House, [2002]

Summary:

This compilation of pioneering work, from experts in the field is essential reading for new and experienced oscillator designers at all levels of expertise. In it, recognized authorities in the field show how to bridge the gap between design practice and new powerful design methods, address all aspects of modern oscillator design, and review practical designs and experimental results of fixed-frequency, high-Q, low-noise oscillators.

Contents:

1 Developments of Microwave Oscillator Theory 1

1.2 Van der Pol (1927) 2

1.3 J. R. Pierce (1943) 3

1.4 R. Adler (1946) 4

1.5 W. A. Edson and J. A. Mullen (1960) 7

1.6 C. T. Rucker (1969) 8

1.7 K. Kurokawa (1973) 10

2 Methods of Oscillator Design 15

2.2 Nonlinear Dynamics of a Simple Oscillator 16

2.2.1 Oscillator Equation 16

2.2.2 Phase-Plane Analysis 19

2.2.3 Generalizations of Phase-Plane Analysis 22

2.3 Stability of the Operating Point 23

2.3.2 Circuit Linearization 24

2.3.3 Counterexample 25

2.3.4 Validity Limits of the Intuitive Criterion 28

2.4 High-Q Oscillators 29

2.4.1 Steady-State Periodic Oscillations 29

2.4.2 Large Signal Impedance and Corresponding Nonlinear Characteristics 31

2.4.3 Notes on Feedback Representation, High Q, and Small Parameter 33

2.4.4 Large Signal S-Parameters 36

2.4.5 Nonresistive Active Circuit 38

2.5 Dynamics of High-Q Oscillators 40

2.5.2 Oscillation Stability 41

2.6 Oscillations in the Presence of an External Signal 43

2.6.2 Circuit Equations 43

2.6.3 Resonance Characteristics 45

Appendix 2A Nyquist Stability Criterion 52

Appendix 2B Justification of the Describing Function Method 53

Appendix 2C Transformation Voltage-Current to Amplitude-Phase Equations 56

Appendix 2D Theorems on Averaging 58

3 Linearity, Time Variation, and Oscillator Phase Noise 59

3.2 General Considerations 61

3.3 Detailed Considerations: Phase Noise 64

3.3.1 Phase Noise of an Ideal Oscillator 64

3.4 The Roles of Linearity and Time Variation in Phase Noise 68

3.4.1 Close-In Phase Noise 78

3.5 Circuit Examples 79

3.5.1 LC Oscillators 79

3.5.2 Ring Oscillators 84

3.6 Amplitude Response 88

Appendix 3A Notes on Simulation 92

4 High-Frequency Oscillator Circuit Design 93

4.1 Transistor CAD-Oriented Circuit Models 95

4.1.2 Homojunction and Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor Modeling 96

4.1.3 FET Operating and Modeling 102

4.1.4 Transistor I-V and S-Parameter Measurement System 115

4.1.5 Model Extraction Procedure 118

4.1.6 Noise Sources in Semiconductor Devices and Their CAD-Oriented Modeling 130

4.1.7 Transistor Low-Frequency Noise Characterization 134

4.1.8 Modeling of Circuit-CAD-Oriented Noise Sources in HBTs and FETs 150

4.2 Oscillator Circuit Design Tools 156

4.2.1 Conventional Linear Theory of Sinusoidal Oscillators 156

4.2.2 Steady-State Analysis of Transistor Oscillators 167

4.2.3 Nonlinear Stability of Free-Running Oscillators 169

4.2.4 Oscillator Phase-Noise Characterization 172

4.3 Design Rules of Low Phase-Noise Free-Running Oscillators 182

4.3.1 Phase Noise in One-Port Oscillator Circuit 184

4.3.2 Generalization to Transistor-Oscillator Circuits 186

4.3.3 A Very Useful Design Tool: The Transistor Load-Line 187

4.3.4 Finding the Maximum Added Power of the Transistor by Numerical Calculation 188

4.3.5 Optimization and Localization of the Energy Stored in the Circuit 190

4.3.6 AM/PM Conversion 193

4.4 Practical Examples 195

4.4.1 Breadboard Oscillators 195

4.4.2 Oscillators on MMIC Technology 200

4.4.3 MMIC FET-Based Oscillator Examples 202

4.4.4 MMIC HBT-Based Oscillator Example 210

Appendix 4A HBT and HEMT Nonlinear Models 221

Appendix 4B Transistor Low-Frequency Noise Characterization 226

Appendix 4C Numerical Simulations of an Oscillator Benchmark 235

5 Modern Harmonic-Balance Techniques for Oscillator Analysis and Optimization 245

5.2 HB Analysis of Autonomous Quasi-Periodic Regimes in Nonlinear Circuits 246

5.2.1 Autonomous Quasi-Periodic Regimes 246

5.2.2 The Mixed-Mode Newton Iteration 248

5.2.3 Degenerate Solutions and Their Suppression 253

5.2.4 Applications 256

5.3 Synchronous and Asynchronous Stability 260

5.3.1 Solution Paths in a Harmonic Phasor Space 261

5.3.2 Natural Frequencies of Quasi-Periodic Steady States 267

5.3.3 Nyquist's Analysis for Time-Periodic Steady States 270

5.3.4 Global Stability Analysis 274

5.3.5 Applications 284

5.3.6 Spurious Oscillations and Related Bifurcation Diagrams 294

5.4 CAD-Oriented Oscillator Design Techniques 301

5.4.1 General Optimization Methods 303

5.4.2 Oscillator Optimization by Substitution Methods 312

5.4.3 Design for Oscillation Buildup and Steady-State Stability 315

5.4.4 Computation of the Gradient 319

5.4.5 Applications 320

5.4.6 A Case Study: CAD of a Broadband VCO 325

5.4.7 Oscillator Design for Asynchronous Stability 337

5.5 Electromagnetics-Based Optimization of Microwave Oscillators 343

5.5.1 Direct-Newton Optimization 344

5.5.2 Applications 349

5.6 Iterative Methods for Large Self-Oscillating Nonlinear Circuit Analysis 351

5.6.1 Inexact-Newton HB for Forced Circuits 352

5.6.2 Computation of the Krylov Subspace Basis Vectors 356

5.6.3 Extension to Large Autonomous Circuits 360

5.6.4 Applications 363

5.7 Global Stability Analysis of Large Autonomous Circuits 366

5.7.1 Fundamental Bifurcation Detection for Large Circuits 366

5.7.2 Applications 370.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1580533205

OCLC:

50235052